Objective To analyze the change of cigarette consumption price,and understand the cigarette affordability in China.Methods A total of 16 800 households were selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling.Then IPAQ was used to randomly select one family member to conduct the survey.Questionnaire from Global Tobacco Surveillance System with added country-specific questions was used.Results Up to 50％ of current smokers would buy 20 cigarettes with price of 9.9 yuan (RMB) or less,and 25％ of current smokers would not buy 20 cigarettes with price exceed 5.5 yuan (RMB).Only 10％ would buy 20 cigarettes with price over 19.9 yuan (RMB).The calculated median monthly expenditure for cigarettes was 181.4 yuan (RMB).From 2010 to 2015,the proportion of annual expenditure for cigarettes in disposable income per capita declined from 10.5％ to 8.8％ in urban area and from 21.1％ to 17.3％ in rural area.Conclusion During 2010-2015,the purchasing power of Chinese smokers increased in both urban area and rural area due to the decrease of cigarette consumption price.

Objective To understand the situation on exposure to second-hand smoke among Chinese adults aged 15 and above and their support to policy on banning smoking in public places in 2015.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the protocol on Global Adult Tobacco Survey.Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 16 800 households in China.Data were collected through household survey,using the electronic devices.One eligible respondent was selected by random sampling in each household.Standardized questionnaire was used from Global Tobacco Surveillance System.Data were weighted and analyzed by SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN 10.0.1 complex survey data analysis program.Results 93.1％ (60 128 × 103/64 575 × 103),76.3％(455 473 × 103/596 782 × 103),57.1％ (621 793 × 103/1 089 582 × 103),54.3％ (218 792 × 103/402 732 × 103),38.1％ (61 208 × 103/160 574 × 103),26.9％ (119 783 × 103/444 679 × 103),23.8％(17 598 × 103/73 993 × 103),17.2％ (41 099 × 103/239 022 × 103) and 16.4％ (102 153 × 103/623 015 ×103) of the respondents reported that smoking did exsit in the following places as:inside of bars or night clubs,in the restaurants,households homes,working places,government buildings,health care facilities,universities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),and on public transportation,respectively.Compared with those data in 2010,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants,government buildings,health care facilities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),public transportation,and homes all significantly decreased after standardization of data.Results also showed that most respondents were supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public and working places.However,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants were still high but almost 70％ of the respondents thought smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of restaurants.Conclusion From 2010 to 2015,proportions of exposure to indoor areas of public places,working places,public transportation and homes were obviously declining in China.The Chinese public seemed supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public places.

Objective To evaluate the performance of large language models in answering ques-tions about childhood asthma,comprehensively understand the quality of their provision of information on children's health,and identify their limitations to facilitate model improvement.Methods Sixty common questions related to childhood asthma were formulated and put to two large language models known as Wenxin Yiyan and Zhipu Qingyan,which were publicly available in China.Three pediatric asthma specialists assessed the quality of the large language models'responses by using a blind meth-od.Results Wenxin Yiyan scored higher in terms of accuracy,understanding,reliability,and logi-cality;Zhipu Qingyan scored higher in term of safety.Comparing the scores of the five different di-mensions,it was found that large language models scored higher in terms of understanding,reliability and logicality,but relatively insufficient in terms of accuracy and safety.Conclusion Application of large language models in the education of children with asthma can provide useful references for asth-ma children and their parents.However,the current large language model technology still has certain limitations in terms of accuracy and safety,which requires further improvement and optimization.

Objective To evaluate the performance of large language models in answering ques-tions about childhood asthma,comprehensively understand the quality of their provision of information on children's health,and identify their limitations to facilitate model improvement.Methods Sixty common questions related to childhood asthma were formulated and put to two large language models known as Wenxin Yiyan and Zhipu Qingyan,which were publicly available in China.Three pediatric asthma specialists assessed the quality of the large language models'responses by using a blind meth-od.Results Wenxin Yiyan scored higher in terms of accuracy,understanding,reliability,and logi-cality;Zhipu Qingyan scored higher in term of safety.Comparing the scores of the five different di-mensions,it was found that large language models scored higher in terms of understanding,reliability and logicality,but relatively insufficient in terms of accuracy and safety.Conclusion Application of large language models in the education of children with asthma can provide useful references for asth-ma children and their parents.However,the current large language model technology still has certain limitations in terms of accuracy and safety,which requires further improvement and optimization.