Dental avulsion, defined as the complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone with consequent loss of the blood and nerve supply, was reported as one of the most severe dental injuries. Avulsion can cause tissue ischemia, which leads to pulp necrosis.Apexification is a conventional treatment method that induces an apical calcified barrier in immature roots with pulp necrosis. However, root development characterized by an increase in the root thickness and length cannot be achieved by apexification.The purpose of this case report was to describe the radiographic and clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment for the avulsed and necrosed permanent tooth with an immature root after replantation in a 5-year-old girl; the treatment was performed using a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor, CollaTape and Biodentine.
Apexification ; Cefaclor ; Child, Preschool ; Ciprofloxacin ; Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Methods ; Metronidazole ; Replantation ; Tooth

In this study, total fluoride (TF) in commercial toothpastes for children in Korea was evaluated and compared with the fluoride concentration declared by the manufacturer (Declared F). Additionally, total soluble fluoride (TSF) was evaluated and compared with TF.Ten toothpastes were coded with letters to allow blind analysis. For evaluation of TF, each toothpaste was homogenized in deionized water. For evaluation of TSF, each toothpaste was centrifuged and then, the supernatant of the sample was evaluated. Fluoride concentrations were assessed using a fluoride electrode coupled to an ion analyzer.Only one toothpaste showed lower TF concentration than Declared F. In all toothpastes, TSF was similar to the TF.
Child ; Dentifrices ; Electrodes ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Korea ; Toothpastes ; Water

The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites with respect to different storage media and thickness of composites.Filtek™ Z250 and Filtek™ Z350XT were evaluated as conventional resin composites. Filtek™ Bulk-fill Posterior Restorative and Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill were evaluated as bulk-fill resin composites.CIE L*a*b* values of baseline were measured after 24 hours of storage in distilled water, and each resin composite group was divided into three subgroups and stored in distilled water, red wine, and coffee media respectively. Again after 1, 7 and 28 days of immersion, color changes (ΔE*) were calculated using the CIE L*a*b* values.The greatest ΔE* was observed in red wine for all resin composites, and the mean color changes were ranked in the increasing order of distilled water, coffee, red wine. Filtek™ Z350XT exhibited the greatest color change in all media, followed by Filtek™ Bulk-fill Posterior Restorative. Filtek™ Z250 and Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill followed with similar mean color change values. According to the 2 different thicknesses of 2 mm and 4 mm of bulk-fill resin composites, there was no thickness-related difference on color changes.
Coffee ; Immersion ; Water ; Wine

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sella turcica morphology and delayed dental age. In total, 389 participants under 16 years old were selected. Dental age was evaluated by the Demirjian method and age discrepancy (AD), the value subtracted from dental age to chronological age, was calculated. The participants were divided into 8 groups based on the sella turcica type. Bridging ratio (BR) was defined as interclinoid distance divided by sella turcica length to determine the degree of sella turcica bridging (STB) and the participants were classified into 4 groups by BR. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and the Mann Whitney test. Some groups with sella turcica abnormality showed lower AD than that of the normal group and the AD differences varied from 4 months to 1.3 year. As the STB severity increased, AD decreased. AD differences varied from 7 months to 1.19 year. No distinct differences were observed in sella turcica type and STB groups according to sex. The results indicate that sella turcica morphology is associated with delayed dental age. Sella turcica can be used as a supplementary indicator to predict dental development.

The aim of this study was to identify the association between candidiasis and early childhood caries and to investigate whether the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1 can be considered as a risk factor for early childhood caries.
The database used in this study was provided by Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Medical records of children born from January 2010 to December 2012 were obtained, and those without dental records were excluded. Subjects were divided into several groups based on the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 6: candidiasis group and non-candidiasis group; oral candidiasis group and non-oral candidiasis group. Another categorization was done according to the experience of candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1. The incidence rate of early childhood caries in each group were compared.
The prevalence of dental caries in children who have been diagnosed with candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 6 was significantly different from those who have not experienced candidiasis. Similarly, children who have suffered from candidiasis or oral candidiasis before age 1 had significantly different incidence of caries from the children without candidiasis experience.

Purpose: Hyperdontia is a developmental disorder of the oral cavity. Mesiodens refers to the hyperdontia located between the maxillary central incisors. During the surgical procedure, the anesthetic method for pain control should be considered along with factors related to the surgery itself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the impacted position of the mesiodens on the selection of sedation method and to suggest incisive foramen as a brief reference. Materials and Methods: This study included 126 patients who were scheduled for extraction of mesiodens. The selection criteria included patients with one palatally impacted inverted mesiodens accessible from the palatal gingival margin, and those with good cooperation potential in order to control for clinical information. Using cone beam computed tomography, vertical, horizontal, and palatal positional factors were measured, and the anesthetic method was determined by two examiners. The patients were grouped into vertical and horizontal groups based on the position of the incisive foramen. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test, the chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis.Result: All positional factors differed between the outpatient and inpatient anesthetic groups. The vertical minimum distance from the alveolar ridge to the mesiodens (Va) and the minimum distance from the palatal surface to the crown tip of the mesiodens (Tc) were factors affecting the choice of anesthetic method. The distribution of the vertical and horizontal positional groups differed between the outpatient and inpatient anesthetic groups. Conclusion The incisive foramen can be used as a brief reference to determine the appropriate anesthetic method.Referral for inpatient anesthesia may be a priority if they are in the V 2 H 2 group with Va ≥5 mm, and Tc ≥6 mm, and outpatient sedation may be considered if they are in the V 1 H 1 group with Va ≤1.5 mm, and Tc ≤2.5 mm.

Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRNLMP) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma that has a favorable outcome. Most cases of MCRNLMP usually present as distinct multilocular cystic lesions; however, they may appear as small complicated cysts with hemorrhagic components. Herein, we present a case of MCRNLMP and provide a review of the literature.

PURPOSE: In 2008, the Korean Oncology Nursing Society (KONS) published standards for the safe use of chemotherapy in clinical settings, including extravastion management. Although the medical environment has rapidly changed, KONS standards have not been revised since then. In 2017, the KONS planned to revise the practice guidelines on oral chemotherapy METHODS: A clinical expert group developed recommended guidelines, using officially accepted standards based on all relevant publications. The draft was discussed and accepted in a consensus conference. The final recommendations were reviewed and approved by the KONS Boards of Directors. RESULTS: There were 4 chapters and 50 recommendations in the final version of the guidelines. Recommendations include those associated with general practice, patient consent and education, order assessment and administration, and side effects and complication management. CONCLUSION: The revised KONS guidelines on oral chemotherapy will contribute to the improvement of staff and patient safety related to oral chemotherapy. KONS guidelines revisions should be carried out at regular intervals.
Consensus ; Drug Therapy* ; Education ; General Practice ; Humans ; Oncology Nursing* ; Patient Safety ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Safety Management

Bortezomib (Velcade(R)) came into the spotlight as a target therapy for multiple myeloma. It acts through reversible inhibition of intracellular proteasomes, which triggers apoptosis, with relative selectivity for malignant cells. It has been hypothesized that the accumulation of damaged proteins in myocytes impairs cardiac function. Cardiotoxicity is a rare side effect of bortezomib treatment. We report a case of reversible systolic heart failure that probably occurred after bortezomib treatment in a patient with multiple myeloma. Patients being treated with bortezomib who have previously had cardiac comorbidities should undergo routine cardiac monitoring.
Apoptosis ; Comorbidity ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Failure, Systolic ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Muscle Cells ; Bortezomib

BACKGROUND: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) has been commonly used to measure cognitive change over time. The aim of present study was to investigate the normative rates of change for the MMSE across test-retest intervals. METHODS: We administered the Korean MMSE (K-MMSE) to 1055 community-dwelling middle aged and older adults three times over 6 years. Based on the Christensen's health screening criteria (1991), 234 middle-aged healthy adults (104 men, 130 women; mean age 55.95+/-6.20 years; age range 45-64 years; mean education 7.63+/-4.06 years) and 505 healthy elderly (200 men, 305 women; mean age 71.00+/-4.62 years; age range 65-79 years; mean education 5.61+/-5.12 years) were selected for the statistical analysis. Reliable change indices were computed using two different statistical methods, the Reliable Change Index adjusted for practice effects (RCIPE; Chelune et al., 1993) and the Standardized Regression-Based Change Index (SRBCI; McSweeny et al., 1993). RESULTS: For the middle-aged healthy adult group, the 90% confidence intervals of the RCIPE and SRBCI were the same such as +/-4 in 2-year, +/-5 in 4-year, and +/-6 in 6-year test-retest intervals. For the healthy elderly group, the 90% confidence intervals of the RCIPE were -5 and +4 in 2-year interval and -7 and +5 in 4- & 6-year intervals. The 90% confidence intervals of the SRB change index were +/-4 in 2-year interval and +/-6 in 4- & 6-year intervals. CONCLUSIONS: The result provides the normative data of the reliable change scores for the K-MMSE for the middle-aged and older adults. It shows that the reliable change indices were varied across different age groups as well as test-retest intervals.
Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged