Purpose: This study aims to identify the knowledge, risk perception, fear, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors among nursing students, and factors influencing preventive behaviors on COVID-19. Methods: Data was collected from March, 2022 to May, 2022. The participants included 218 nursing students in their 3rd and 4th grade of three universities in two cities. Results: The knowledge of COVID-19 was 13.54 out of 15 points, risk perception was 4.83 out of 8 points, fear was 13.26 out of 35 points, self-efficacy was 19.96 out of 25 points, and preventive behaviors were 7.56 out of 9 points. The explanatory power of self efficacy (β = .21, p = .002), which affects preventive behaviors was 67.0%. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop a systematic nursing intervention that improves self-efficacy to improve preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among students. This study’s result can be used in the future to develop appropriate health policies and program to prevent emerging infectious diseases.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess postoperative complications and factors influencing complications in lung cancer patients undergoing therapeutic lung resection. Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study investigating participants’ individual characteristics, nutritional status, operative characteristics, and disease characteristics as found in the electronic medical records of patients undergoing therapeutic lung resection for lung cancer. Data were collected from 191 participants who received the therapeutic lung resection in 1 general hospital. Analysis was done using x2 test or independent t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The incidence of complications according to the characteristics of the patients was significantly higher for men over 65 years old, smokers (former smokers included), FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%. Other factors influencing outcomes were lengthy operation time, FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70% and post OP stageII. Conclusion Results show that a FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%, and post OP stageII are factors influencing complications after therapeutic lung resection. Determination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through preoperative pulmonary function tests and plans to provide nursing interventions that improve lung function contribute to prevention of postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVES: Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the serious risk factors for heart diseases. We evaluated the acute and chronic effects of work-related factors on HRV. METHODS: The five-minute HRV of 85 male workers from an automobile assembly factory were measured at 9 A.M. (before-work) and at 5 P.M. (after-work). The workplace noise, temperature and physical workload levels were measured as work-related factors. We postulated that the HRV measured at beforework represents the chronic effects and the HRV measured at after-work represents the acute effects of work-related factors. We used generalized linear regression analysis with adjusting for the general characteristics and/or the morning HRV. RESULTS: The subjects exposed to noise or a hot environment showed increased HRV in the afternoon and decreased HRV in the morning. Machine oil and interpersonal conflict decreased the HRV in the morning, but other chemicals did not show any effect on the HRV. A physical workload decreased the HRV in both the morning and afternoon. CONCLUSION: The physical and chemical environment, psychosocial stress and a physical workload may affect the autonomic nerve system.
Automobiles ; Autonomic Pathways ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Noise ; Risk Factors

Congenital short trachea is a rare congenital anomaly in which the trachea is composed of reduced number of cartilage rings, which result in an abnormally high position of the carina and an abnormal course of the main bronchi. Hazards of congenital short trachea in infants and children include inadvertent bronchial intubation, because it causes bronchiostenosis, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and ipsilateral atelectasis. Laryngeal cleft is a rare condition, as well. Symptoms range from mild stridor to massive aspiration and respiratory distress, depending on the severity of the cleft. Until now, a case with combination of these two rare congenital defects has not been reported. Herein, we report a 13 month-old boy who has congenital short trachea with laryngeal cleft.
Bronchi ; Cartilage ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Emphysema ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation ; Larynx ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory Sounds ; Trachea

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex reverses rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade quickly and effectively. Herein, we compared the efficacy of sugammadex and pyridostigmine in the reversal of rocuronium-induced light block or minimal block in pediatric patients scheduled for elective entropion surgery. METHODS: A prospective randomized study was conducted in 60 pediatric patients aged 2–11 years who were scheduled for entropion surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia. Neuromuscular blockade was achieved by administration of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium and assessed using the train-of-four (TOF) technique. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups receiving either sugammadex 2 mg/kg or pyridostigmine 0.2 mg/kg and glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg at the end of surgery. Primary outcomes were time from administration of reversal agents to TOF ratio 0.9 and TOF ratio 1.0. Time from the administration of reversal agents to extubation and postoperative adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the demographic variables. Time from the administration of reversal agents to TOF ratio 0.9 and TOF ratio 1.0 were significantly shorter in the sugammadex group than in the pyridostigmine plus glycopyrrolate group: 1.30 ± 0.84 vs. 3.53 ± 2.73 min (P < 0.001) and 2.75 ± 1.00 vs. 5.73 ± 2.83 min (P < 0.001), respectively. Extubation time was shorter in the sugammadex group. Adverse events, such as skin rash, nausea, vomiting, and postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (airway obstruction), were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sugammadex provided more rapid reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients undergoing surgery than did pyridostigmine plus glycopyrrolate.
Anesthesia ; Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia ; Entropion ; Exanthema ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Nausea ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Monitoring ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Maternal hypotension is a common complication during obstetric spinal anesthesia. This study was conducted to investigate the role of autonomic function testing in predicting maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia induced to conduct Cesarean sections (C-section). METHODS: This study was conducted on 32 parturients undergoing C-section under spinal anesthesia. Sympathetic function tests included measuring diastolic blood pressure changes in response to hand gripping and systolic blood pressure changes response to moving from a supine to a standing position. Sympathetic dysfunction is said to exist when there are abnormal responses to both sympathetic function tests. Parasympathetic function tests included measuring heart rate responses to deep breathing and heart rate responses to moving from a supine to a standing position. Parasympathetic dysfunction is said to exist when there are abnormal responses to both parasympathetic function tests. After the onset of spinal anesthesia, blood pressure was measured every minute until childbirth. RESULTS: Hypotension occurred in 22 of the 32 parturients. There was no correlation between sympathetic dysfunction and hypotension incidence, but 12 of the 12 (100%) of the positive group and 10 of the 20 (50%) of the negative group experiencing parasympathetic dysfunction, respectively, experienced hypotension with a significant difference of P = 0.004. The group experiencing parasympathetic dysfunction had statistically significantly higher phenylephrine requirements were also greater in the parasympathetic dysfunction positive group (P < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study's findings suggested that the parasympathetic function tests may be useful methods for predicting the incidence of maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia induced for C-section.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Parturition ; Phenylephrine ; Pilot Projects ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Sympathetic Nervous System

We report a case of difficult endotracheal intubation in a patient with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. A 65-year-old man was scheduled to undergo ulnar nerve decompression and ganglion excisional biopsy under general anesthesia. During induction of general anesthesia, an endotracheal tube could not be advanced through the vocal cords due to resistance. A large number of nodules were identified below the vocal cords using a Glidescope® video-laryngoscopy, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed irregular nodules on the surface of the entire trachea and the main bronchus below the vocal cords. Use of a small endotracheal tube was attempted and failed. a laryngeal mask airway (LMA Supreme ™) rather than further intubation was successfully used to maintain the airway.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Decompression ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Trachea ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vocal Cords

BACKGROUND: Oxycodone is widely used as bolus or patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for control of postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and side effects of oxycodone for somatic pain by comparing oxycodone and fentanyl intravenous PCA after orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Seventy-three patients undergoing orthopedic surgery were randomly assigned to receive fentanyl or oxycodone using intravenous PCA (potency ratio 1:60). Pain severity at rest and with movement and adverse effects were assessed at 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. The PCA dose and patient satisfaction scores were measured at 48 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The resting visual analogue scale (VAS) and moving VAS scores of the oxycodone group were significantly higher than those of the fentanyl group at 6 hours (P = 0.001, P = 0.021), but at 48 hours, the resting and moving VAS of the oxycodone group were significantly lower than those of the fentanyl group (P = 0.014, P = 0.037). There were no significant differences in adverse effects, satisfaction scores, dose of patient-controlled mode, or total cumulative PCA dose. CONCLUSIONS: With a 1:60 ratio of oxycodone to fentanyl when using PCA for pain control after orthopedic surgery, the use of larger doses of oxycodone for 6 hours is effective in controlling early postoperative pain.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Nociceptive Pain ; Orthopedics* ; Oxycodone* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Patient Satisfaction

Spontaneous arterial bleeding has been reported rarely. In a patient consuming heavy amounts of alcohol with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, spontaneous bleeding can be evoked by thrombocytopenia, altered platelet function, and shear stress on fully dilated arteries by portal hypertension. Alcohol consumption itself can also predispose a patient to bleeding by influencing the aggregation and activation of platelets, and altering the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathway. All of these mechanisms could cause patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis to bleed spontaneously; however, conditions inducing peripheral arterial bleeding are very rare. Here, we report three cases of spontaneous arterial bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis consuming heavy amounts of alcohol. All of the patients bled without any physical trauma, and the involved arteries were the intercostal arteries in two cases and a gastroduodenal artery in the other case. The patients were treated by angiographic embolization. One expired due to recurrence of arterial bleeding despite repeated angiographic embolization and massive transfusion.
Alcohol Drinking ; Arteries ; Blood Platelets ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Fibrinolysis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic* ; Recurrence ; Thrombocytopenia