Purpose: : This study is a descriptive research study to identify factors that influence the career preparation behavior of nursing students. Methods: : The subjects were 153 students attending nursing school. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: : The degree of career preparation behavior of the subjects differed depending on their interpersonal relationships(F=3.093, p=.029). The subject’s career preparation behavior had a positive correlation with nursing professionalism and self-efficacy. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, factors related to the subject’s career preparation behavior were found to be in the order of self-efficacy and nursing professionalism. These variables were found to explain 14.7% of career preparation behavior (F=12.903, p<.001). Nursing professionalism (t=3.283, p=.001), professor trust (t=2.148, p=.033), and self-efficacy (t=2.745, p=.007) of subjects with high career preparation behavior scores were higher than those of subjects with low career preparation behavior scores. Conclusion : It was found that nursing students’ nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy influenced career preparation behavior. In addition, nursing students with a high level of career preparation behavior were found to have higher nursing professional intuition, trust in professors, and self-efficacy than nursing students with a low level of career preparation behavior. Based on the results of this study, efforts are needed to improve nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy in order to promote career preparation behavior among nursing students.

Purpose: : This study is a descriptive research study to identify factors that influence the career preparation behavior of nursing students. Methods: : The subjects were 153 students attending nursing school. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: : The degree of career preparation behavior of the subjects differed depending on their interpersonal relationships(F=3.093, p=.029). The subject’s career preparation behavior had a positive correlation with nursing professionalism and self-efficacy. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, factors related to the subject’s career preparation behavior were found to be in the order of self-efficacy and nursing professionalism. These variables were found to explain 14.7% of career preparation behavior (F=12.903, p<.001). Nursing professionalism (t=3.283, p=.001), professor trust (t=2.148, p=.033), and self-efficacy (t=2.745, p=.007) of subjects with high career preparation behavior scores were higher than those of subjects with low career preparation behavior scores. Conclusion : It was found that nursing students’ nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy influenced career preparation behavior. In addition, nursing students with a high level of career preparation behavior were found to have higher nursing professional intuition, trust in professors, and self-efficacy than nursing students with a low level of career preparation behavior. Based on the results of this study, efforts are needed to improve nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy in order to promote career preparation behavior among nursing students.

Purpose: : This study is a descriptive research study to identify factors that influence the career preparation behavior of nursing students. Methods: : The subjects were 153 students attending nursing school. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 25.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: : The degree of career preparation behavior of the subjects differed depending on their interpersonal relationships(F=3.093, p=.029). The subject’s career preparation behavior had a positive correlation with nursing professionalism and self-efficacy. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, factors related to the subject’s career preparation behavior were found to be in the order of self-efficacy and nursing professionalism. These variables were found to explain 14.7% of career preparation behavior (F=12.903, p<.001). Nursing professionalism (t=3.283, p=.001), professor trust (t=2.148, p=.033), and self-efficacy (t=2.745, p=.007) of subjects with high career preparation behavior scores were higher than those of subjects with low career preparation behavior scores. Conclusion : It was found that nursing students’ nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy influenced career preparation behavior. In addition, nursing students with a high level of career preparation behavior were found to have higher nursing professional intuition, trust in professors, and self-efficacy than nursing students with a low level of career preparation behavior. Based on the results of this study, efforts are needed to improve nursing professional intuition and self-efficacy in order to promote career preparation behavior among nursing students.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are specially manipulated cells from somatic cells by the introduction of four factors that are reprogrammed. The properties of iPSC are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESC) characteristic of self-renewal and pluripotency. The technology of reprogramming somatic cells to iPSC enables the generation of patient-specific cells that can be used as powerful tools for drug screening, in vitro models for human disease and autologous transplantation. The iPSC technology provides a priceless resource for regenerative medicine but there are still changing obstacles over the safety of iPSC in avoiding induction of tumorigenicity and maintaining high purity of re-differentiated cells from iPSC to produce more functional cells for cell therapy. A variety of methods to overcome the limitation of iPSC application applied in the clinical setting have been developed. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in iPSC generation and differentiation techniques to facilitate clinical application of iPSC with future potential in regenerative medicine.
Autografts ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells* ; Regenerative Medicine ; Stem Cells* ; Transplantation, Autologous

6-Phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL) is one of the key enzymes in the ubiquitous pathways of central carbon metabolism, but bacterial 6PGL had been long known as a missing enzyme even after complete bacterial genome sequence information became available. Although recent experimental characterization suggests that there are two types of 6PGLs (DevB and YbhE), their phylogenetic distribution is severely biased. Here we present that proteins in COG group previously described as 3-carboxymuconate cyclase (COG2706) are actually the YbhE-type 6PGLs, which are widely distributed in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. This case exemplifies how erroneous functional description of a member in the reference database commonly used in transitive genome annotation cause systematic problem in the prediction of genes even with universal cellular functions.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Carbon ; Computer Simulation* ; Genome ; Genome, Bacterial* ; Metabolism ; Pentose Phosphate Pathway ; Proteobacteria

Nodular fasciitis is a pseudosarcomatous reactive process composed of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and it is most common in the upper extremities. Nodular fasciitis of the external auditory canal is rare. To the best of our knowledge, less than 20 cases have been reported to date. We present a case of nodular fasciitis arising in the cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal. A 19-year-old man complained of an auricular mass with pruritus. Computed tomography showed a 1.7 cm sized soft tissue mass in the right external auditory canal, and total excision was performed. Histologic examination revealed spindle or stellate cells proliferation in a fascicular and storiform pattern. Lymphoid cells and erythrocytes were intermixed with tumor cells. The stroma was myxoid to hyalinized with a few microcysts. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin, but not for desmin, caldesmon, CD34, S-100, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, and cytokeratin. The patient has been doing well during the 1 year follow-up period.
Actins ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ; Desmin ; Ear ; Ear Canal* ; Erythrocytes ; Fasciitis* ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Keratins ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibroblasts ; Phosphotransferases ; Pruritus ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult

Dental avulsion, defined as the complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone with consequent loss of the blood and nerve supply, was reported as one of the most severe dental injuries. Avulsion can cause tissue ischemia, which leads to pulp necrosis.Apexification is a conventional treatment method that induces an apical calcified barrier in immature roots with pulp necrosis. However, root development characterized by an increase in the root thickness and length cannot be achieved by apexification.The purpose of this case report was to describe the radiographic and clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment for the avulsed and necrosed permanent tooth with an immature root after replantation in a 5-year-old girl; the treatment was performed using a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor, CollaTape and Biodentine.
Apexification ; Cefaclor ; Child, Preschool ; Ciprofloxacin ; Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Methods ; Metronidazole ; Replantation ; Tooth

In this study, total fluoride (TF) in commercial toothpastes for children in Korea was evaluated and compared with the fluoride concentration declared by the manufacturer (Declared F). Additionally, total soluble fluoride (TSF) was evaluated and compared with TF.Ten toothpastes were coded with letters to allow blind analysis. For evaluation of TF, each toothpaste was homogenized in deionized water. For evaluation of TSF, each toothpaste was centrifuged and then, the supernatant of the sample was evaluated. Fluoride concentrations were assessed using a fluoride electrode coupled to an ion analyzer.Only one toothpaste showed lower TF concentration than Declared F. In all toothpastes, TSF was similar to the TF.
Child ; Dentifrices ; Electrodes ; Fluorides ; Humans ; Korea ; Toothpastes ; Water

PURPOSE: To report the surgical results of unilateral pediatric cataracts from uncertain causes in relatively older children and to identify factors related to better visual outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 39 patients who underwent surgery between the ages of 3 and 10 years for unilateral pediatric cataracts of no known cause. All patients underwent primary intraocular lens implantation and postoperative amblyopia treatment. A postoperative final visual acuity better than 20 / 30 was considered to be a good visual outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 6.0 ± 1.8 years at the time of surgery. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 1.07 ± 0.71 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (range, 0.15 to 3.00), while the mean final postoperative visual acuity was 0.47 ± 0.54 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (range, 0.00 to 2.00). Of 39 patients, 18 (46.2%) achieved a good visual outcome. Only the preoperative visual acuity maintained a significant association with a good visual outcome according to our multivariate analysis (p = 0.040). A preoperative visual acuity of 20 / 100 or better was found to increase the chance of achieving a good visual outcome by 13.79-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 167.58). CONCLUSIONS: The visual outcome of unilateral pediatric cataract surgery for cataracts with no specific cause identified in patients after three years of age could be satisfactory, especially with a preoperative visual acuity of 20 / 100 or better.
Amblyopia ; Cataract* ; Child ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phacoemulsification ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

A key factor in evolution is reproduction, which is also a major concern in medicine. Evolutionists have proposed many theories and hypotheses to explain the low fertility rates of modern industrial societies, which are contrary to maximization of biological fitness. Given that childbirth is the most significant factor affecting re-productive fitness, it is likely that a variety of psychological modules related to childbirth behavior and intentionevolved over time. Several evolutionary psychological modules have been proposed in relation to reproduction, including sexual desire, status-seeking, a need for nurturing, and the desire for children. Previously adaptive psychological modules may now be expressed maladaptively due to the discrepancy between the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA) and the environment of modern industrial society. Several evolutionary ecological factors influence childbirth intention in modern society, including individual personality factors, childhood life his-tory experiences, and socioecological factors throughout reproductive life. By focusing on mental, social, and ecological factors, this review examines several hypothetical models relating to evolutionary psychological factors and childbirth decisions in modern industrial society, as well as a possible explanation for the low birth rate.