No abstract available.

REM sleep behavior disorder is parasomnia characterized by unpleasant dreams and dream-enactment behaviors associated with excessive electromyography activity in REM sleep. This may appear idiopathic or secondary to other neurological or medical conditions. REM sleep behavior disorder, which appears to be idiopathic, most often implies the possibility of later neurodegenerative diseases due to synucleinopathy, so accurate diagnosis is important in predicting prognosis. For the diagnosis of REM sleep behavioral disorder, REM sleep without atonia, which appears in the polysomnography, is essential. Obstructive sleep apnea, trauma-related sleep disorders, and vigorous periodic leg movements during sleep are known as diseases that show dream enactment behavior in elderly patients. Considering that it may be accompanied by other sleep disorders that can mimic REM sleep behavioral disorders, it is important to differentiate sleep

We present the case of a 45-year-old man with a history of benzene exposure who developed splenic marginal zone lymphoma. For 6 years, he had worked in an enclosed space cleaning instruments with benzene. He was diagnosed with splenic marginal zone lymphoma 19 years after retirement. During his time of working in the laboratory in the 1980s, working environments were not monitored for hazardous materials. We indirectly estimated the cumulative level of past benzene exposure using job-exposure matrices and technical assumptions. Care must be taken in investigating the relevance of occupational benzene exposure in the occurrence of indolent B-cell lymphoma. Because of the long latency period and because occupational measurement data do not exist for the period during the patient's exposure, the epidemiological impact of benzene exposure may be underestimated.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Benzene* ; Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Latency Period (Psychology) ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Middle Aged ; Retirement ; Spleen*

Anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL) encompasses different clinical entities that can be aggressive or localized. Scalp anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative ALCL is considered a localized lymphoma, and usually extends to the regional lymph nodes; intracranial invasion is rare. A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with scalp ALK-negative ALCL, but did not exhibit invasion of the lymph nodes. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed intracranial masses with bony erosions. We treated the patient using CHOP chemotherapy and achieved short-term regression of the scalp and intracranial lesions. However, the patients ultimately died of pneumonia during the pancytopenic period. Therefore, caution must be exercised when treating scalp ALK-negative ALCL with intracranial invasion.
Aged ; Central Nervous System* ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; Neurofibromatoses ; Phosphotransferases ; Pneumonia ; Scalp ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: This study compared the mental symptoms, especially symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of women who escaped prostitution, helping activists at shelters, and matched control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed 113 female ex-prostitutes who had been living at a shelter, 81 helping activists, and 65 control subjects using self-reporting questionnaires on demographic data, symptoms related to trauma and PTSD, stress-related reactions, and other mental health factors. RESULTS: Female ex-prostitutes had significantly higher stress response, somatization, depression, fatigue, frustration, sleep, smoking and alcohol problems, and more frequent and serious PTSD symptoms than the other 2 groups. Helping activists also had significantly higher tension, sleep and smoking problems, and more frequent and serious PTSD symptoms than control subjects. CONCLUSION: These findings show that engagement in prostitution may increase the risks of exposure to violence, which may psychologically traumatize not only the prostitutes themselves but also the people who help them, and that the effects of the trauma last for a long time. Future research is needed to develop a method to assess specific factors that may contribute to vicarious trauma of prostitution, and protect field workers of prostitute victims from vicarious trauma.
Adult ; Alcoholism/etiology/psychology ; Depression/etiology/psychology ; Fatigue/etiology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/etiology/psychology ; *Mental Health ; Prostitution/*psychology ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/psychology ; *Social Work ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications/*psychology ; Stress, Psychological/complications

Objectives: This study identifies the distinct cognitive function profiles of partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Medical records of Vietnam War Korean Veterans, who visited a psychiatric clinic and underwent a Clinician-Administered PTSD scale (CAPS) and neurocognitive test on the same day, were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the CAPS interview, participants were divided into partial PTSD (n=10) and non-PTSD (n=36) groups. The neurocognitive test score profiles of both groups were compared. Analysis of covariance was performed to adjust the contribution of possible confounders to cognitive function. Results: Cognitive profile analysis displayed significantly poorer performance of executive function and mental flexibility (measured by the Trail Making Test B) and concentration (measured by mini mental status exam) in the partial PTSD group. When adjusted with age, depressive symptom measure, and education level, no significant differences were obtained in the cognitive profiles between both groups. Conclusion Results of the current study revealed a deficit in executive function and concentration in partial PTSD subjects compared to non-PTSD. However, when adjusted with possible confounders such as depressive symptoms, the cognitive profiles of partial PTSD displayed no significant difference with the cognitive profiles of non-PTSD subjects.

Sciatic nerve can be injured by various mechanism such as compression, traction during surgery, and direct trauma. This case reports a sciatic neuropathy caused by compression due to hematoma occurring after intramuscular injection in the gluteus medius muscle far from the nerve. In order to avoid occurrence of sciatic neuropathy after buttock injection, the injection was made in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock, but sciatic neuropathy occurred. Sciatic neuropathy can be confused with lumbar radiculopathy, so differential diagnosis is important.

Sciatic nerve can be injured by various mechanism such as compression, traction during surgery, and direct trauma. This case reports a sciatic neuropathy caused by compression due to hematoma occurring after intramuscular injection in the gluteus medius muscle far from the nerve. In order to avoid occurrence of sciatic neuropathy after buttock injection, the injection was made in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock, but sciatic neuropathy occurred. Sciatic neuropathy can be confused with lumbar radiculopathy, so differential diagnosis is important.

Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX₃CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX₃CR1) are widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cells throughout organisms. However, their expression is mostly cell type-specific in each tissue. CX₃CR1 expression can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interaction between CX3CL1 and CX₃CL1 can mediate chemotaxis of immune cells according to concentration gradient of ligands. CX₃CL1 expressing immune cells have a main role in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response depending on environmental condition. In a given tissue such as bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can maintain tissue homeostasis. Under pathologic conditions, however, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss recent progresses of CX3CL1/CX₃CL1 in major tissues and their relationships with human diseases.
Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Chemokine CX3CL1 ; Chemotaxis ; Dendritic Cells ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ligands ; Liver ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Monocytes ; Organ Specificity ; T-Lymphocytes

Objectives: Now, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is worldwide threatening. Medical staff’s efforts and sacrifices against COVID-19 are still ongoing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health of the medical staff who have fought against the COVID-19 in hub hospitals. Methods: The medical staff underwent an evaluation of psychiatric and sleep status between March 23rd and April 3rd, 2020. Based on the evaluation, we retrospectively analyzed depression, anxiety, and sleep quality of the medical staff, who worked more than 7 days for fighting against the COVID-19. Results: This study included a total of 101 medical staff. Approximately 1/4 of the medical staff showed depressive mood and low quality of sleep, and more than 1/3 reported anxiety. The nurses reported more severe psychiatric symptoms and poorer sleep quality. Conclusions This study demonstrated the mental and sleep status of the medical staff against COVID-19. Medical and social support should be considered for them.