Vaginal bleeding is reported among 4%–11% of postmenopausal women. Hematometra is commonly associated with cervical stenosis due to senile atrophy, radiotherapy, or a uterine neoplastic lesion in women of postmenopausal age. Ovarian steroid cell tumor is a rare hormone-secreting tumor subtype accounting for approximately 0.1% of all ovarian tumors. Here we report a case of hematometra in a postmenopausal woman with high estrogen levels who was later diagnosed with a steroid cell tumor.

Proton beam therapy (PBT) is one of the advances in radiotherapy techniques, which enables dose escalation with lower probability of radiation-induced liver or gastrointestinal injuries. However, the chest wall proximal to the tumor can be affected by high dose irradiation. Here, we report on a 58-year-old male patient who presented with huge hepatocellular carcinoma, received treatment with transarterial chemoembolization and PBT, and developed severe chest wall pain due to radiation-induced myositis. The patient's symptoms were controlled by oral steroids.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myositis ; Proton Therapy ; Protons ; Radiotherapy ; Steroids ; Thoracic Wall

We present a case of fetal cardiac hemangioma that caused fetal arrhythmia and reduced ventricular contractibility. At 31 weeks and 1 day of gestation, a 29-year-old primiparous mother was referred to our institution due to an abnormal ultrasound finding, suspicious of a fetal cardiac mass occupying the right atrium (RA). The blood flow from the RA to the right ventricle (RV) was decreased. Additional evaluation through FetalHQ (GE Healthcare Korea) revealed diminished RV contractility. At gestational age 35 weeks and 1 day, the fetus had developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We decided to perform an emergency cesarean section to prevent further impairment in fetal cardiac circulation. Postnatal echocardiography showed a pedunculated mass on the free wall of the RA, and the cardiac movements were affected with atrial flutter. Immediate mass excision was performed.Pathological analysis confirmed that the mass was a juvenile capillary hemangioma. The newborn stayed admitted for postoperative care and recovered healthy without any signs of cardiac arrhythmia.

We present a case of fetal cardiac hemangioma that caused fetal arrhythmia and reduced ventricular contractibility. At 31 weeks and 1 day of gestation, a 29-year-old primiparous mother was referred to our institution due to an abnormal ultrasound finding, suspicious of a fetal cardiac mass occupying the right atrium (RA). The blood flow from the RA to the right ventricle (RV) was decreased. Additional evaluation through FetalHQ (GE Healthcare Korea) revealed diminished RV contractility. At gestational age 35 weeks and 1 day, the fetus had developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We decided to perform an emergency cesarean section to prevent further impairment in fetal cardiac circulation. Postnatal echocardiography showed a pedunculated mass on the free wall of the RA, and the cardiac movements were affected with atrial flutter. Immediate mass excision was performed.Pathological analysis confirmed that the mass was a juvenile capillary hemangioma. The newborn stayed admitted for postoperative care and recovered healthy without any signs of cardiac arrhythmia.

We present a case of fetal cardiac hemangioma that caused fetal arrhythmia and reduced ventricular contractibility. At 31 weeks and 1 day of gestation, a 29-year-old primiparous mother was referred to our institution due to an abnormal ultrasound finding, suspicious of a fetal cardiac mass occupying the right atrium (RA). The blood flow from the RA to the right ventricle (RV) was decreased. Additional evaluation through FetalHQ (GE Healthcare Korea) revealed diminished RV contractility. At gestational age 35 weeks and 1 day, the fetus had developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We decided to perform an emergency cesarean section to prevent further impairment in fetal cardiac circulation. Postnatal echocardiography showed a pedunculated mass on the free wall of the RA, and the cardiac movements were affected with atrial flutter. Immediate mass excision was performed.Pathological analysis confirmed that the mass was a juvenile capillary hemangioma. The newborn stayed admitted for postoperative care and recovered healthy without any signs of cardiac arrhythmia.

We present a case of fetal cardiac hemangioma that caused fetal arrhythmia and reduced ventricular contractibility. At 31 weeks and 1 day of gestation, a 29-year-old primiparous mother was referred to our institution due to an abnormal ultrasound finding, suspicious of a fetal cardiac mass occupying the right atrium (RA). The blood flow from the RA to the right ventricle (RV) was decreased. Additional evaluation through FetalHQ (GE Healthcare Korea) revealed diminished RV contractility. At gestational age 35 weeks and 1 day, the fetus had developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We decided to perform an emergency cesarean section to prevent further impairment in fetal cardiac circulation. Postnatal echocardiography showed a pedunculated mass on the free wall of the RA, and the cardiac movements were affected with atrial flutter. Immediate mass excision was performed.Pathological analysis confirmed that the mass was a juvenile capillary hemangioma. The newborn stayed admitted for postoperative care and recovered healthy without any signs of cardiac arrhythmia.

We present a case of fetal cardiac hemangioma that caused fetal arrhythmia and reduced ventricular contractibility. At 31 weeks and 1 day of gestation, a 29-year-old primiparous mother was referred to our institution due to an abnormal ultrasound finding, suspicious of a fetal cardiac mass occupying the right atrium (RA). The blood flow from the RA to the right ventricle (RV) was decreased. Additional evaluation through FetalHQ (GE Healthcare Korea) revealed diminished RV contractility. At gestational age 35 weeks and 1 day, the fetus had developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We decided to perform an emergency cesarean section to prevent further impairment in fetal cardiac circulation. Postnatal echocardiography showed a pedunculated mass on the free wall of the RA, and the cardiac movements were affected with atrial flutter. Immediate mass excision was performed.Pathological analysis confirmed that the mass was a juvenile capillary hemangioma. The newborn stayed admitted for postoperative care and recovered healthy without any signs of cardiac arrhythmia.

White blood cells (WBCs) and storage period are the main factors of transfusion reactions. In the present study, cytokine/chemokine concentrations after leukoreduction (LR) and irradiation (IR) in stored canine whole blood were measured. Red blood cell storage lesion caused by IR and LR were also compared. Blood samples from 10 healthy Beagles were divided into four groups (no treatment, LR-, IR-, and LR + IR-treated). Leukocytes were removed by filtration in the LR group and gamma radiation (25 Gy) was applied in the IR group. Immunologic factors (WBCs, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL-8], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and storage lesion factors (blood pH, potassium, and hemolysis) were evaluated on storage days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Compared to the treated groups, IL-6 and CXCL-8 concentrations during storage were significantly higher in the control (no treatment) group. LR did not show changes in cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and storage lesion presence was relatively mild. IR significantly increased CXCL-8 after 14 days of storage, but IR of leukoreduced blood did not increase CXCL-8 during 28 days of storage. Storage lesions such as hemolysis, increased potassium, and low pH were observed 7 days after IR and storage of blood, regardless of LR. IR of leukoreduced blood is beneficial to avoid immune reactions; however, storage lesions should be considered upon storage.
Blood Preservation ; Down-Regulation ; Erythrocytes ; Filtration ; Gamma Rays ; Hemolysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunologic Factors ; Interleukin-6 ; Leukocyte Reduction Procedures ; Leukocytes ; Necrosis ; Potassium ; Transfusion Reaction

Background: The purpose of this study is to construct a job-exposure matrix for lead that accounts for industry and work processes within industries using a nationwide exposure database. Methods: We used the work environment measurement data (WEMD) of lead monitored nationwide from 2015 to 2016. Industrial hygienists standardized the work process codes in the database to 37 standard process and extracted key index words for each process. A total of 37 standardized process codes were allocated to each measurement based on an automated key word search based on the degree of agreement between the measurement information and the standard process index. Summary statistics, including the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and 95th percentile level (X95), was calculated according to industry, process, and industry process. Using statistical parameters of contrast and precision, we compared the similarity of exposure groups by industry, process, and industry process. Results: The exposure intensity of lead was estimated for 583 exposure groups combined with 128 industry and 35 process. The X95 value of the “casting” process of the “manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals” industry was 53.29 μg/m3, exceeding the occupational exposure limit of 50 μg/m3. Regardless of the limitation of the minimum number of samples in the exposure group, higher contrast was observed when the exposure groups were by industry process than by industry or process. Conclusion We evaluated the exposure intensities of lead by combination of industry and process. The results will be helpful in determining more accurate information regarding exposure in lead-related epidemiological studies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between bladder wall thickness (BWT) measured by ultrasonography and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: Forty-eight women with LUTS who underwent urodynamic study and BWT by ultrasonography as outpatients were studied. We assessed LUTS during a medical examination by interview. The thinnest part of the bladder wall was measured by a transabdominal ultrasonography. We excluded patients who had visited another hospital previously because we did not know what treatment they had received, including medications, behavioral therapy, or other treatments. We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for diagnosis of LUTD and also determined reliable BWT criteria by calculating the area under the curve. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method and Student's t-test. RESULTS: The mean age, body mass index, and duration of symptoms were 59.9±9.7 years, 26.06±3.4 kg/m², and 53.4±38.2 months, respectively. Urodynamic study parameters (Valsalva leak point pressure, maximal urethral closure pressure, functional length, and postvoid residual volume) were lower in patients with BWT < 3 mm; however, these differences were not significant. Patients with BWT ≥3 mm developed a hypoactive bladder (P=0.009) and intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) (P=0.001) at a significantly higher rate. According to the ROC analysis, the best BWT cut-off value was 3 mm for overactive bladder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Women with LUTD showed higher BWT values (≥3 mm), especially patients with hypoactive bladder and ISD. Sonographic evaluation of BWT is an easy, fast, and noninvasive method for possible diagnostic tool for LUTD.
Body Mass Index ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Methods ; Outpatients ; ROC Curve ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Urinary Tract* ; Urodynamics