Animal bones excavated with earthenware from the shell mound at the Jeju Jongdali 1819 archeological site, where three consecutive chronological layers covering the Neolithic (B.C. 15C-B.C. 10C), early Tamra, and late Tamra periods have been identified, were morphologically classified. The majority of the bones from all three periods were broken or split. The major fauna of the mammalian bones in all periods were Cervus spp., Sus scrofa, and Bos taurus. In the early and late Tamra periods, bones of small animals including Mustela sibirica coreana, Meles meles, Rodentia, and Aves were also found in small number. The excavated bones were from all parts of the animal bodies, including head, trunk, forelimb, and hindlimb. Collectively, these findings suggest that the major fauna from the Neolithic to late Tamra periods consisted of Cervus spp., Sus scrofa, and Bos taurus and that the fauna was dissected and carried to the shell mound site after hunting. Information from the bone remains in the shell mound are useful data for study of the wildlife and domestic animals living during the prehistoric period of Jeju Island.
Animals* ; Animals, Domestic ; Birds ; Cattle ; Forelimb ; Head ; Hindlimb ; Rodentia ; Sus scrofa

Systemic amyloidosis is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble proteins in tissues including heart, kidney, liver and any other organs. Light chain amyloidosis is the most common type of primary amyloidosis. And it is generally considered to be the plasma cell dysfunction. Given its pathogenesis, it may affect any organ system. Thus, clinical presentation is variable and delayed diagnosis is common. Given these diagnostic difficulties, we presented a systemic amyloidosis presented as liver dysfunction.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cochlear dead region (CDR) is a region in the cochlear where hearing loss has occurred due to damage to the inner hair cells and/or neurons. Recently, a subjective test involving a pure-tone test in the presence of threshold-equalizing noise (TEN) was introduced to identify CDR. However, for uncooperative patients, such a subjective method would be unsuitable and objective methods would be needed instead to detect CDR. The acoustic change complex (ACC) is an evoked potential elicited by changes in the ongoing sound. In this study, we developed an objective method of identifying CDR by combining ACC response with a TEN test, namely the TEN-ACC test, and investigated its feasibility in normal-hearing listeners. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Ten normal-hearing subjects participated in this study. All subjects underwent both behavioral TEN test and electrophysiological TEN-ACC test. The stimuli for the TEN-ACC test consisted of TEN and embedded pure tones with different frequencies/signals to noise ratios (SNRs). To identify the thresholds, the range SNR of stimulation was varied from 0 to 20 dB, in stages of 4 dB. RESULTS: The ACC responses of all subjects who participated in this study were well elicited by stimuli developed for the TEN-ACC test. We confirm that the pure-tones embedded in TEN elicited the objective ACC response. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the novel TEN-ACC test can be applied to evoke ACC in normal-hearing listeners. Future research should incorporate hearing-impaired listeners to determine the feasibility of the TEN-ACC test as an objective method to identify CDR.
Acoustics* ; Evoked Potentials ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Methods ; Neurons ; Noise

Objectives: Maternal depression negatively affects depression and anxiety symptoms in the offspring. This study examined the association between maternal depression and their adolescent offspring depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating role of emotional trauma in determining the association. Methods: Participants were 237 mothers (46.08±5.00 years) and their adolescent offspring (16.54±1.51 years). The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and the Screen for Children’s Anxiety Related Disorders. The mediating effect of emotional trauma on offspring was explored using mediation analysis. Results: Maternal depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with adolescent offspring traumatic experiences, as well as with their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis results showed that emotional trauma of offspring significantly mediated the effect of maternal depression on their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Findings indicate that maternal depression was significantly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescent offspring, mediated by their emotional trauma. Future research is needed to investigate pathways and intervention strategies to prevent the intergenerational transmission of emotional problems.

Objectives: Maternal depression negatively affects depression and anxiety symptoms in the offspring. This study examined the association between maternal depression and their adolescent offspring depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating role of emotional trauma in determining the association. Methods: Participants were 237 mothers (46.08±5.00 years) and their adolescent offspring (16.54±1.51 years). The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and the Screen for Children’s Anxiety Related Disorders. The mediating effect of emotional trauma on offspring was explored using mediation analysis. Results: Maternal depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with adolescent offspring traumatic experiences, as well as with their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis results showed that emotional trauma of offspring significantly mediated the effect of maternal depression on their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Findings indicate that maternal depression was significantly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescent offspring, mediated by their emotional trauma. Future research is needed to investigate pathways and intervention strategies to prevent the intergenerational transmission of emotional problems.

Objectives: Maternal depression negatively affects depression and anxiety symptoms in the offspring. This study examined the association between maternal depression and their adolescent offspring depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating role of emotional trauma in determining the association. Methods: Participants were 237 mothers (46.08±5.00 years) and their adolescent offspring (16.54±1.51 years). The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and the Screen for Children’s Anxiety Related Disorders. The mediating effect of emotional trauma on offspring was explored using mediation analysis. Results: Maternal depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with adolescent offspring traumatic experiences, as well as with their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis results showed that emotional trauma of offspring significantly mediated the effect of maternal depression on their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Findings indicate that maternal depression was significantly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescent offspring, mediated by their emotional trauma. Future research is needed to investigate pathways and intervention strategies to prevent the intergenerational transmission of emotional problems.

We report the first case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and a spontaneous acute subdural hematoma (SDH) in Korea. A 79-year-old male presented with fever and thrombocytopenia. On the third day of hospitalization, his mental changed from drowsy to semi-coma. Brain computed tomography indicated an acute subdural hemorrhage on the right convexity. He was given early decompressive craniectomy, but did not survive. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of a blood sample indicated the presence of SFTS virus (SFTSV). This is the first reported case with intracranial hemorrhage and SFTS. This case report describes our treatment of a patient with acute SDH and an infection from a tick-borne species of Bunyaviridae.
Aged ; Brain ; Bunyaviridae ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Fever* ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Korea ; Male ; Orthobunyavirus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Thrombocytopenia* ; Ticks*

Background/Aims: We investigated the factors related to spleen length and the diagnostic accuracy of a model using spleen length corrected by related factors, for the prediction of varices needing treatment (VNT). Methods: Various prediction models for VNT including spleen length were analyzed in the cohort of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD), defined as liver stiffness (LS) ≥10 kPa in a recent study. The associated factors for spleen length were identified in healthy subjects to improve the prediction of VNT. Results: Among 1,218 cACLD patients, VNT was noted in 249 patients (20.4%). On multivariate analysis, longer spleen length, lower platelet count, and higher LS value were independent predictors for VNT (all p<0.001). In multivariate analysis of 1,041 healthy subjects, age (β=–0.027), sex (β=0.762), and body mass index (β=0.097) were found to be significant factors for spleen length (all p<0.001). Using the β values, the estimated spleen length was calculated. To improve the prediction of VNT, the ratio of measured and estimated spleen length was calculated. Based on binary regression analysis results, the LS value-spleen ratio to platelet score (LSRPS) was calcu-lated as follows: 0.027×LS value (kPa)+2.690×measured/estimated spleen ratio–0.011×platelet count (cells×10 9 /L)–4.215. The area under the receiver operating characteristic of the LSRPS for VNT was 0.820, which was significantly higher than 0.797 of LS value-spleen diameter to plateletratio score (LSPS) (p=0.006). Conclusions Spleen length is influenced by age, sex, and body mass index in the Asian population. The LSRPS using the measured/estimated spleen ratio had higher diagnostic accuracy than LSPS in predicting VNT in patients with cACLD.

Background: Among gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, incidental gliomasaccount for 2.5%–5% of cases. The controversy over whether to pursue immediate treatment or adopt a wait-and-see approach remains, and more molecular and immunological evidence is needed for definitive treatment decisions. Methods: Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)data were retrospectively analyzed to compare the molecular and immunological tumor microenvironment differences between incidental glioma and symptomatic glioma samples. These were classified using symptom data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and public dataset. Results: RNA-seq analysis of the GBMLGG dataset identified 343 genes upregulated in symp-tomatic glioma and 118 in incidental glioma, with 104 common genes upregulated in symptomatic glioma across both the TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Enrichment analysis revealed that these 104 genes in symptomatic glioma were significantly associated with immunological pathways. scRNA-seq analysis of glioma revealed 11 cell types, including T cells, myeloid cells, and oligodendrocytes, with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway strongly influencing other cell types, particularly myeloid cells. Enrichment and survival analyses showed that TNF signaling is associated with temozolomide resistance and poorer prognosis in glioma patients. Conclusion The findings suggest that symptomatic glioma enhances inflammatory responseslinked to poor prognosis and chemoresistance. This supports the hypothesis that immediate treatment of incidental glioma may improve patient outcomes over a wait-and-see approach.

Background: Among gliomas, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, incidental gliomasaccount for 2.5%–5% of cases. The controversy over whether to pursue immediate treatment or adopt a wait-and-see approach remains, and more molecular and immunological evidence is needed for definitive treatment decisions. Methods: Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)data were retrospectively analyzed to compare the molecular and immunological tumor microenvironment differences between incidental glioma and symptomatic glioma samples. These were classified using symptom data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and public dataset. Results: RNA-seq analysis of the GBMLGG dataset identified 343 genes upregulated in symp-tomatic glioma and 118 in incidental glioma, with 104 common genes upregulated in symptomatic glioma across both the TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets. Enrichment analysis revealed that these 104 genes in symptomatic glioma were significantly associated with immunological pathways. scRNA-seq analysis of glioma revealed 11 cell types, including T cells, myeloid cells, and oligodendrocytes, with the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway strongly influencing other cell types, particularly myeloid cells. Enrichment and survival analyses showed that TNF signaling is associated with temozolomide resistance and poorer prognosis in glioma patients. Conclusion The findings suggest that symptomatic glioma enhances inflammatory responseslinked to poor prognosis and chemoresistance. This supports the hypothesis that immediate treatment of incidental glioma may improve patient outcomes over a wait-and-see approach.