Hypoxia is a common characteristic in solid tumors. With the regulation of the transcription of multiple target genes, HIF-1αplays an important role in the energy metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis of tumor cells. HIF-1αcontributes to the adapta-tion of tumor cells and tissue to hypoxia stress through these processes. It also promotes tumor angiogenesis and increases their inva-sive ability and the resistance to radio and chemotherapy. Cancer treatment targeting on HIF-1αis an important potential therapy.

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are crucial to cell growth, development, proliferation, and apoptosis in humans. Among IGFBPs, IGFBP2 is recognized as a regulator of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Besides binding with IGF, IGFBP2 also interacts with extracellular matrix through its specific structure. IGFBP2 promotes the malignant phenotype of tumor by activating several important intracellular signal pathways. IGFBP2 is specifically overexpressed in several malignant tumors, and this overexpression is correlated with patient prognosis. IGFBP2 is regarded as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review briefly summarizes the latest progress of research on the role of IGFBP2 in tumor malignant biological behavior and its clinical application.

Objective:This study explored the clinical characteristics, imaging features, biological characteristics, treatment, and prog-nosis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT). Methods:We collected clinical data of 50 cases of SPT in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Istitute and Hospital from January 2011 to October 2016. We then retrospectively reviewed and analyzed clinical and pathological features of these patients. We conducted follow-up consultations and summarized data on patient characteristics, pathological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Results:Among 50 SPT patients, mean age was 33.0±12.00 years, and male-to-female ratio was 1:5.25. Clinical presentation was mostly an abdominal placeholder diagnosed by physical examination, and tumor was usually located in the head or body and tail of the pancreas. All patients received surgery;procedures included pancreaticoduode-nectomy, and distal pancreatectomy plus spleen resection. SPT was clearly diagnosed with postoperative histopathological examina-tion. Hospital stay lasted for 13.9±5.16 days. All 50 cases were followed up, with consultation period lasting for 3-70 months. No recur-rence or metastasis appeared in 49 cases, and perioperative death was not noted in our patients. Conclusion:SPT is a rare, potential low-grade malignant tumor, which mostly affects young females. There is no obvious specificity in the clinical manifestation and labora-tory examination. Tumor marker levels are almost within normal range. Surgery for SPT provides good prognosis and long survival dura-tion.

Purpose:To explore whether expression of BRCA1 is altered during the development of sporadic ovarian epithelial cancer. To investigate the relationship between BRCA1 expression and clinical pathological parameters. Methods:The expression of mRNA and protein of BRCA1 were determined in 50 ovarian cancers, 11 benign ovarian tumors and 10 normal ovary tissues by means of RT PCR and S P immunohistochemical method. Results:BRCA1 mRNA relative expression levels were 0.6688?0.2232?0.9264?0.1398 and 1.0440?0.2182, respectively, and protein expression rates were 30.0%, 90.9%, and 100% in ovarian cancers, benign tumors and normal ovary tissues separately. The expression levels were significantly lower in ovarian cancers than that in the latter two. In addition, the level of BRCA1 expression decreased with pathological grade increasing; and also BRCA1 expression reduced, even deleted, in cancers with pelvic lymph node metastasis. Conclusions:Down regulation of BRCA1 expression at the levels of transcription and translation plays an important role in the occurrence, and progression of sporadic ovarian cancer. Reduction of BRCA1 expression is closely related to tumor pathological grade and probably implies a poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach and to analyze the corresponding prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 121 patients in our hospital from March 1996 to March 2008. Gender、age、tumor size and histological type were analyzed. Results For these 121 cases the median survival time is 73.2 months. The overall 1-、3-、and 5-year survival rates were 82%, 59% and 50% respectively. The tumor-free survival rates for 1-、3-、and 5-yeas were 65%, 46% and 33% respectively. Cox univariale analysis revealed that gender、tumor size、organ involvement and recurrence were factors impacting prognosis. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that gender、tumor size、organ involvement、recurrence were prognostic factors for gastric GIST. Conclusions Male sex、tumor size (> 10 cm) and involvement of organ were independent indicators for a poor prognosis in patients with primary malignant gastric GIST.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),a most common type of dementia,often results in cognitive and behavioral dysfunction,A growing body of research suggested that there are specific correlations between AD and traditional vascular risk factors.There are significant associations between the incidence of AD and diabetes mellitus,hypercholesterolemia,hypertension,hyperhomocysteinemia,antioxidants,alcohol consumption,smoking,physical activity,and the presence of atrial fibrillation.These risk factors may he the potentially preventable etiologies of AD.

Objective To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of proteasome inhibitor in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis resistance on malignant lymphoma cells.Methods Raji cells were treated with TRAIL and proteasome inhibitor (PS-341) in vitro and the cell growth index was evaluated by MTT assay; cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry; the protein and mRNA level of Bax were measured by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR. Results TRAIL inhibited proliferation of Raji cells at the concentration of 500 μg/L, but the inhibition rate was lower than that of the control cell:Hmy2.ciR.TRAIL arrested cell in G0/G1 phase. The Bax protein in Raji is degraded, but the Bax mRNA expression level does not change significantly .The effects of TRAIL was enhanced significantly 10 nmol/L PS-341 was added. Conclusion Raji cells are resistant in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This effect may be related to the decrease of Bax protein. The Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in the degradation of Bax in TRAIL-treated Raji cells.

Objective:To discuss the clinical feature, diagnosis, and treatment course of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) to guide clinical practice and improve prognosis of patients. Methods:Clinical data of 15 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma between December 1994 and March 2014 in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were retro-spectively studied. Results:The patients include eight males and seven females with a median age of 44. Tumors in these patients appeared in different parts of the pancreas. Eight patients had tumor in the head, six in the body and tail, and one in the uncinate process. The tumor size ranged from 3 cm to 18 cm, with an average diameter of 6.67 cm. The patients presented less jaundice and the tumor markers remained constant, specifically, no increase was reported. Six patients had metastasis before their operation. Twelve patients received radical resection, while the other three received palliative treatment. The preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses were not exact. The final diagnosis depended on pathologic confirmation after surgery or puncture. The immunohistochemical results of trypsin and chymotrypsin were positive in the patients who were examined. The postoperative chemotherapy was usually based on gemcitabine. The average survival time was 20.6 months. Conclusion:Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma has special clinical features, and clinicians tend to regard it as low-grade malignancy. The attitude towards ACC should be positive.

Objective To investigate the coagulation disorder status of patients with pancreatic cancer and to explore its role in tumor formation,progression and metastasis.Method The present study involved 114 patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by surgery or biopsy,and 40 healthy volunteers.For each individual,nine plasma coagulation parameters were tested using the STAGO Compact automated.Results The levels of plasma antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) and protein C of the pancreatic cancer group were significantly reduced compared with the control group,while the levels of plasma PT,APTT,INR,FIB,F-Ⅷ,D-dimer (D-D) were significantly elevated.The level of plasma D-D increased with increase in clinical stage,while the level of AT-Ⅲ decreased.The level of plasma D-D became higher with worsening in histological grade.Conclusions Patients with pancreatic cancer were in a state of hypercoagulation,with reduced anticoagulation function and secondary hyperfibrinolysis.The level of Plasma D-D was significantly associated with the clinical stage,histological grade and distant metastasis.These together with AT-Ⅲ could be used as indicators to monitor patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective To analyse the diagnosis and treatment options of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas.Method The clinical data of 57 patients operated in the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital from August 1996 to December 2011 with pathologically confirmed serous cystadenoma of pancreas after the operation were retrospectively studied.Results There were 13 males (22.8％) and 44 females (77.2％).The median age was 56.8 years.The patients were asymptomatic in 31.6％.CT was accurate in the diagnosis in 70.6％.All patients received surgical resection,inluding pancreaticoduodenectomy (n =17,29.8％),distal pancreatectomy (n =38,66.7％),palliative resection (n=1),and tumor enucleation (n=1).Postoperative complications developed in 6 patients.Histopathologically,there were 50 cases of serous microcystic adenoma (87.7％) and 7 cases of serous oligocystic adenoma (12.3 ％).One of these patients had developed into serous cystadenocarcinoma.At a follow-up of 12 months to 15 years,one patient with serous cystadenocarcinoma died 13 months after the operation.The remaining patients were all alive.Statistical analysis was performed based on the postoperative histopathological type and tumor size.The mean postoperative hospital stay of the group of patients with serous microcystic adenoma were significantly longer than the patients with serous oligocystic adenoma [(17.39±7.61) d vs (19.43±0.98) d,P=0.002].The incidence of patients with clinical symptoms was higher in the group of patients with tumor size ≥4 cm when compared with the patients with tumour size ＜4 cm.There was no significant difference on the other parameters.Conclusions Pancreatic serous cystadenoma is a rare pancreatic tumor,and it often happens in elderly women.Indications for surgical resection included symptomatic tumours,tumor diameter more than 4 cm,malignant biological behavior,malignancy could not be ruled out,and potentially malignant tumors.For asymptomatic patients and tumor size less than 4 cm,surgical resection should also be considered if the tumour progresses on follow-up.