Objective To investigate the clinical features, brain imaging significance and the possible pathogenesis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by chemotherapy induction.Methods The diagnosis and treatment of ALL were performed according to the guidelines of the Pediatric Association of Chinese Medical Association.There were 11 cases of pediatric ALL who developed PRES after chemotherapy induction.The clinical presentations, initial and follow-up radiologic features, and the neurologic outcomes of these 11 cases were investigated for one-year follow-up.All patients were reexamined 1,3,6, and 12 months after first imaging.Results Headache (10/1 1 cases), epileptic seizure (7/11 cases), high blood pressure (4/11 cases) ,visual impairment (6/11 cases) ,disturbance of consciousness (5/11 cases) and walking instability (2/11 cases) were the most common symptoms of these ALL patients with PRES.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning revealed that lesions were mainly distributed in occipital lobe (9/11 cases), parietal lobe (8/11 cases), frontal lobe (5/11 cases) ,temporal lobe (3/11 cases), the deep white matter of bilateral periventricular and centrum semiovale (2/11 cases) and hemisphaerium cerebelli (1/11 cases).The radiological findings indicated that lesions had multifocal,symmetrical and posteriorly distributed characteristics in the cerebral hemispheres.After the diagnosis of PRES,patients stopped chemotherapy courses promptly and received symptomatic treatment, and then the clinical and imaging symptoms of most cases gradually disappeared.After 1-year follow-up,9 patients had good prognosis and no sequelae, 1 patient had symptomatic epilepsy (brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed lesions in the left temporal lobe) ,and 1 patient had slight visual impairment.After the craniocerebral symptoms disappeared clinically ALL chemotherapy continued in all patients and no recurrent PRES was observed.Conclusions Although the clinical and imaging features of PRES may be diverse ,PRES should be recognized as a possible important complication of ALL when neurological symptoms appear.However, PRES is reversible when the patients are diagnosed and treated at an early stage.Thus,the occurrence of PRES should be considered and investigated to optimize the early induction schemes for ALL treatment.

Objective To investigate whether genotypes of CYP3A5,MDR1 and cyclooxygenase-2 are associated with the sensitivity of vinorelbine-platinum to NSCLC.Methods The genotypes of CYP3A5(*3),MDR1 (2677G>T at exon 21 and 3435C>T at exon 26 and their haplotypes),cyclooxygenase-2 (-1 195G>A) were determined by RFLP-PCR and chemotherapy responses were analyzed in 69 non-small-celllung cancer (NSCLC) Chinese Han patients.They received a combination chemotherapy of vinorelbine-cispla-tin.Chi-square test was used to investigate the potential association of genotype with chemotherapy response.OR and 95% C1 were calculated.Results The 3435 CC genotype was associated with a significantly betterchemotherapy response compared with the combined 3435 CT and 1Tr genotypes(P=0.033).The 2677 GG genotype was also associated with a significantly better chemotherapy response compared with the combined 2677 GT and IT genotype(P=0.012).Moreover.patients with the 2677 G-3435 C haplotype seemed to have a better response to chemotherapy compared with those with the other haplotypes(P=0.063).CYP3A5*3 was not likely to correlate with sensitivity of vinorelbine-platinum to NSCLC.Cyclooxygenase-2-1195G>A was likely to have better response to vinorelbine but not statistically significant(P=0.067).Conclusion Polymor-Dhisms of MDR1 3435 C>T and MDR1 2677 G>A/T can be used for predicting treatment response to vinorel-bine-cisplatin chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.

Objective:To detect the expression of Shank1 protein in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), to investigate its difference between the tumor and carcinoma adjacent tissue, and to analyze its correlation with RCC clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Methods:The renal carcinoma and carcinoma adjacent tissues of 120 patients were selected from Cangzhou Central Hospital and Ji'nan Central Hospital from May 2008 to December 2014. The expression level of Shank1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the expression of Shank1 and the clinicopathological features of RCC patients. Results:Results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of Shank1 in renal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in carcinoma adjacent tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression level of Shank1 protein in renal cancer tissue was also significantly higher than in carcinoma adjacent tissue. Correlation analysis found that the high expression level of Shank1 in renal cancer tissue was not significantly related to gender, age, tumor size, and TNM stage, but was significantly associated with the histological differentiation of RCC (P<0.05). Conclusion:Shank1 is abnormal y expressed in RCC renal cancer tissues and is correlated with the histological differentiation of RCC.

Objective To investigate the expression of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in urothelial carcinoma tissue and its clinical significance. Methods We investigated the expression of APRIL mR-NA in urothelial carcinoma tissue of 33 patients in urothelial carcinoma in Cangzhou Central Hospital from July 2013 to March 2015, Among of them, 23 cases of adjacent pericancerous tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the APRIL protein expression level in urothelial carci-noma tissue and adjacent pericancerous tissues. We analyzed the relationship between APRIL expression and clinical pathology in patients with urothelial carcinoma by statistical methods. Results The qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of APRIL in urothelial carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in the adjacent peri-cancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and western blot showed that the expression of APRIL in urothelial carcinoma tissue was higher than that in the adjacent pericancerous tissues. Correlation analysis found that the high expression of APRIL in urothelial carcinoma tissue was not significantly related to gender , age , size of tumor, lymph node metastasizing or not, and clinical stages (P > 0.05). Conclusion The APRIL is a high abnormal expression in urothelial carcinoma tissues , and maybe related to the occurrence and development of urothelial carcinoma.

Objective To establish an autoregression moving average (ARMA) model for predicting general traffic accidents and analyzing distributional difference on time series and frequency of common traffic accident so as to provide certain basis for a prediction model with better stability and accuracy. Methods The data of road traffic accidents in one newly developed zone of Chongqing in 2000-2005 were collected. The monthly distribution regularity of road traffic accidents was analyzed with descriptive epidemiologic method. ARMA model was set up for retrospective and prospective prediction. The predicted data were compared. Results Based on the characteristics of monthly distribution, the frequency of general traffic accidents in this area showed a cyclic fashion. The frequency of general traffic accidents predicted by ARMA model had over 80% of coincidence with the actual value. Conclusion The ARMA model can be used to predict the frequency of general traffic accidents, with better accuracy of short-term prediction than the long-term prediction.

Objective To discuss experiences in reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures by using different flaps and external fixations.Methods The study involved 190 patients with type GustiloⅢB Ⅲ C (160 patients) and GustiloⅢC (30 patients) tibial shaft fractures treated from 1990 to 2007.There were 169 males and 21 females,at average age of 42.5 years.The injury causes included traffic accidents in 132 patients,machine accidents in 32 and stone smashing in 26.The management procedure consisted of administration of antibiotics,serial debridement and different flap grafting (including free thoracoumbilical flaps in 20 patients,sural neurocutaneous vascular flaps in 108,saphenous neurocutane ous vascular flaps in 12,superficial peroneal neurocutaneous flap in two,fasciocutaneous flaps in 26 and gastrocnemius muscular flaps in 22) and different external fixators (half-ring fixators in 84 patients,unilateral axial dynamic fixators in 12,AO fixators in 10,Weifang fixators in 42 and hybrid fixators in 40).The average follow-up was 7.3 years.Results All flaps survived.Of all,186 patients obtained fracture healing,with mean fracture healing time varying in different patients treated with different external fixators:7.5 months for 84 patients treated with half-ring fixators,11.2 months for eight with unilateral axial dynamic fixators,8.5 months for 12 with AO fixators ,8.1 months for 42 with Weifang fixators and 7.8 months for 40 with assembly fixators.Except for half-ring fixation,the other fixators needed necessary bone graft.Four patients treated with unilateral axial dynamic fixators resulted in nonunion due to osteo myelitis.The latest follow up showed that the function of the ankle and knee was normal,with no pain.Conclusion Combination of half-ring external fixators with various flaps provides good method for treatment of Gustilo ⅢB and ⅢC tibial shaft fractures.

Sorafenib, as the first-line treatment drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), can effectively improve the prognosis of patients with HCC, but sorafenib resistance has become a major obstacle to the therapeutic outcome of HCC. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNA plays a key role in sorafenib resistance in HCC. This article summarizes that non-coding RNA regulates the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib by inducing the autophagy of hepatoma cells, promoting the proliferation of liver cancer stem cells, promoting the EMT process of hepatoma cells, inhibiting the apoptosis of hepatoma cells, and regulating the microenvironment of liver cancer tissue. It is pointed out that the molecular mechanism of non-coding RNA in regulating sorafenib resistance in HCC has potential clinical significance in overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of lentivirus carrying shRNA-VDR vector on GLi1 in pros-tate cancer PC-3 cells. Methods The cells were cultured according to the culture conditions of PC-3 cells. Expression of VDR and GLi1 in PC-3 cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry SP method.The efficiency of PC-3 cell virus infection was evaluated.The effect of VDR gene interference and GLi1 transcription level on PC-3 cells was detected by RT-PCR.Results Cell culture,cell status was recorded and PC-3 cells were in good condition and the passages was 4 days. Fluorescence quantitative and immunocytochemi-cal SP showed that VDR and GLi1 were expressed in PC-3 cells.The virus infection efficiency showed that the in-fection efficiency was about 95% when adding LV3-NC lentivirus to PC-3 cells at 1:10 ratio. RT-PCR showed that VDR-shRNA lentivirus successfully disturbed VDR expression and decreased by 85%(P < 0.05)compared with the control group after 72 days of VDR-shRNA lentivirus transfection. Transcription level of GLi1 gene in the experimental group increased by 9% compared with the control group(P < 0.05). The transcription level of GLi1 gene in the experimental group increased by 248% compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The cultured PC-3 cells were in good condition. VDR and GLi1 genes were expressed in PC-3 cells. Lentivirus showed highest efficiency in infecting PC-3 at 1:10 ratio. When VDR was disturbed,the expression of GLi1 in-creased.In prostate cancer cells,vitamin D can inhibit the Hh signaling pathway and cause GLi1 expression down expression.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]in different phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD ),to provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment of CKD.Methods 200 patients with CKD in the Republic Hospital of Shifang were collected as study group,including 5 phases (every phase had 40 cases),and 100 healthy people were selected as control group.Measured the serum Lp(a)of both study and control group,analyzed the correlations between Lp(a)and different phase of CKD.All data were analyzed by SPSS version 17.0.The significant level was established at 0.05.Results CKD1 [(146.0 ±95.5)mg/L]and all CKD group [(231.5 ±133.2)mg/L]had higher level of serum Lp(a)than the control group [(115.5 ±70.2)mg/L] (Z=-2.800,P<0.05 and Z=-7.922,P<0.05).CKD3 had higher Lp(a)level than CKD2(Z=-2.069,P<0.05 ),while there were no significant differences between each of the other two groups.CKD4 -5 [(325 .0 ± 194.7)mg/L]also had higher Lp(a)level than CKD1 -3 [(182.0 ±110.5)mg/L](Z=-4.439,P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with CKD always have high level of serum Lp(a),which have been slowly increased since CKD1 ,meanwhile the level of Lp(a)may have a certain correlation with the stage of CKD development,since Lp(a) is an important promoting factor in the progress of CKD.

Interactions between chromatin segments play a large role in functional genomic assays and developments in genomic interaction detection methods have shown interacting topological domains within the genome. Among these methods, Hi-C plays a key role. Here, we present the Genome Interaction Tools and Resources (GITAR), a software to perform a comprehensive Hi-C data analysis, including data preprocessing, normalization, and visualization, as well as analysis of topologically-associated domains (TADs). GITAR is composed of two main modules: (1) HiCtool, a Python library to process and visualize Hi-C data, including TAD analysis; and (2) processed data library, a large collection of human and mouse datasets processed using HiCtool. HiCtool leads the user step-by-step through a pipeline, which goes from the raw Hi-C data to the computation, visualization, and optimized storage of intra-chromosomal contact matrices and TAD coordinates. A large collection of standardized processed data allows the users to compare different datasets in a consistent way, while saving time to obtain data for visualization or additional analyses. More importantly, GITAR enables users without any programming or bioinformatic expertise to work with Hi-C data. GITAR is publicly available at http://genomegitar.org as an open-source software.
Animals ; Chromatin ; chemistry ; Computer Graphics ; Genome ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Software