Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

Objective To prospectively investigate the characteristics and correlative influential factors for the changes in pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH)in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without end-stage renal disease.Methods Complete clinical and laboratory data of 133 outpatients without ESRD (CKD stage 2,3 and 4)in Beijing Hospital between January 2012 and January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP)was assessed by echocardiography according to the guideline from the American Society of Echocardiography in 2010,and PASP more than 35 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)was diagnosed as PAH.Results PAH was found in twelve(9.0 ％) patients,including 7 females and 5 males,with mean age(82.9 ± 5.4 years).The prevalence of PAH was 2.3％,10.9％ and 17.6％ in the patients of CKD stage 2,3 and 4(P＜ 0.05) respectively.PASP could be calculated in 67 patients in whom tricuspid regurgitation was present.The mean PASP was (27.1 ± 5.4) mmHg,(31.0 ± 8.3) mmHg and (37.3 ± 13.8) mmHg in patients with CKD stage 2,3 and 4,respectively(P ＜ 0.05).Body mass index(BMI),eGFR and BUN showed significant differences between PAH group and non-PAH group with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the lower BMI and the higher stage of CKD were independent risk factors for PAH (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PAH is not a rare complication in the CKD patients without end-stage renal disease.The incidence of PAH is significantly associated with lower BMI and the higher stage of CKD.Doppler echocardiography should be performed periodically to detect PAH in CKD patients in order to improve the prognosis of these patients.

BACKGROUND: It has been found that vascular endothelial growth factor can induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into endothelial cells, but can the vascular endothelial growth factor gene promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells in the damaged organ under the hypoxic environment? OBJECTIVE: To observe whether human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by vascular endothelial growth factor could differentiate into vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia. METHODS: The third passage of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro. Cells in the control group were cultured with conventional culture medium, while those in experimental group were cultured with adenovirus vector containing vascular endothelial growth factor in 5% O2. After 2 weeks of culture, morphological observation and surface-related molecular detection were performed. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were detected by ELISA. The expression of endothelin and prostacyclin was detected by RT-PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The number of cells in the control group was more than that in the experimental group. The cells in the control group were crowded and arranged irregularly, showing a fiber-like growth, while those in the experimental group were mostly triangular or polygonal, exhibiting a colony-like growth. (2) CD31 was negative in the control group, while CD105 was positive and the positive rate was 99.7%, indicating that the cells still showed the phenotype of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The positive rate ofCD31 was significantly increased to 30.33% in the experimental group and the positive rate of CD105 expression was decreased to 58.11%, indicating a typical phenotype of endothelial cells. (3) Compared with the control group, the expression of endothelin, vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased significantly in the experimental group (P < 0.05), and the expression of prostacyclin decreased significantly (P < 0.05). All these findings indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor can promote the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia.

BACKGROUND:Kalikrein 1 is an important component of the kalikrein-kinin system. Studies have shown that kalikrein can protect the cardiovascular system by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting myocardial inflammation, but there is no report on its effect on inducing differentiation of stem cels. OBJECTIVE: To determine the transfection efficiency of kalikrein 1 adenoviral vector in rat bone mesenchymal stem cels. METHODS:Using adenovirus as a vector, the target gene kalikrein 1 was transfected into rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. Fluorescence microscopy, MTT method and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effect of transfection and determine the optimal multiplicity of infection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Adenovirus carrying kalikrein 1 was successfuly transfected into rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. Results from flow cytometry showed that the transfection efficiency was associated with the multiplicity of infection. When the multiplicity of infection was 150, the transfection efficiency was 80.8%. MTT results showed that when the multiplicity of infection was 200, the cel growth was inhibited remarkably. These findings indicate that adenovirus-mediated kalikrein 1 can be successfuly transfected into rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels with the optimal multiplicity of infection=150.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel technology referred to as percutaneous ureteroscopic laser deroofing in the management of renal cysts.Methods From November 2014 to August 2016,59 patients having surgical indications with renal cysts were enrolled and evaluated by ultrasound and CT scan.Of all the 59 patients,36 were males and 23 were females.Their mean age was 46 years (ranging 35-64 years).41 patients complained about the reported flank and abdominal pain.18 patients were found by imaging examination.Their mean diameter of cyst was 6.3cm(ranging 4.9-9.1cm).In regards to the 59 patients,include 6 patients suffered with parapelvic cysts and 4 patients suffered with renal cyst complicated with ipsilateral renal calculi.Their mean stone surface area was 5.7 cm2 (ranging 3.4-9.8 cm2).All of the patients received combined spinal and epidural analgesia or paravertebral nerve block anesthesia.Patients were placed in the prone position for percutaneous puncture and tract dilation.Under ultrasound guidance,an eighteen gauge needle was placed inside the cyst cavity percutaneously,a metal guidewire was introduced followed by sequential dilation up to F26-28.9.8F rigid ureteroscope was inserted through the Amplazt access sheath and advanced into the cyst cavity.Then sheath and ureteroscope both returned to the exterior cyst together.Cyst wall was dissociated from perirenal adipose tissue by used ureteroscope.A majority of the collapsed cyst wall was grasped and gently pulled towards the Amplazt sheath interior using grasping forceps and incised using either Thulium (Power 40 ～50W) or Holmium laser(Power 60 ～70W) and was taken for pathological examination.Nephrostomy tube was left in place for 2-3 days and removed before discharge.For parapelvic cysts patients,ureter stent was inserted into the renal pelvis i n the dorsal lithotomy position firstly.Patients were then placed in the prone position for percutaneous puncture and tract dilation.Laser was used to incise cyst wall towards identified pelvis to create a permanent communication between the cyst and adjacent renal collecting system.F6 double-J stent was inserted into the cyst cavity at the end to prevent auto-closure for at most two months.F22 nephrostomy tube was left in renal pelvis for two weeks.For renal cyst complicated with ipsilateral renal calculi patients,a puncture was created targeting the stone through the cyst,after fragmenting and extracting the stone,the same laser was used to deroof the cyst.More than 50％ reduction in cyst volume was considered a success.The perioperative complications,hospitalization days and the effective rate of surgery were evaluated.Results All operations were conducted without intraoperative complications such as bleeding,urinary leakage or injury of the renal parenchyma and the adjacent organs.The hospital stay after the surgery was 2-4 days (mean 2.5 days).After 3-12 months follow-up (mean 8.1 months),patients underwent imaging examinations.42 out of 59 cases were completely resolved,15 were reduced to less than 50％,the total effective rate for the operation is 96.6％ (57/59).4 patients with ipsilateral renal calculi were completely clear.However,two cases failed probably due to incomplete resection and follow treated with laparoscopic renal cyst deroofing.Conclusions Percutaneous ureteroscopy renal cyst laser deroofing is a safe,effective,less invasive,which can be performed in any endourological center without the need of special instruments and training.

Objective To study on whitening and anti -aging effect of ginseng saponin and its safety.Methods Whitening effect:using vitamin C as the control drug, the inhibition rate of tyrosinase was determined.Anti senescence effect: the aging model of D-was established, and the DPPH was applied to the skin of the rat's neck, and the drug was prepared by 2 times a day.Skin safety evaluation: the skin changes of the skin of the ginseng saponins were observed after the skin was given ginseng saponin and control drugs.Results When the concentration of ginsenoside was 7 mg/mL, the inhibition rate order was, the water solution of vitamin C >ginsenoside nano >ginsenoside aqueous solution ; In the aging model, the surface of the elastic fibers and the skin surface was parallel to the skin, but the elastic fibers were arranged in a more tortuous and non parallel to the skin;DPPH free radical scavenging effect order was, Vitamin C aqueous solution>ginsenoside nano>ginsenoside aqueous solution, and with the dosage of ginsenoside increasing, the efficiency of ginsenoside DPPH scavenging free radical increased significantly;Skin safety evaluation results showed that ginseng saponin nanometer milk smeared skin, no redness, irritation and other phenomena occured.Conclusion Ginseng saponin nanometer milk has obvious whitening effect, and can not cause damage to the skin, is safe and reliable.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of EUS-FNA for pancreatic masses and correlated influential factors. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 101 patients with pancreatic lesions who underwent EUS-FNA from January 2008 to January 2010. The clinical data enrolled 10 factors including patient gender, patient age, lesion location, lesion size, lesion characteristics, negative suction pressure, times of access, real-time cytological diagnosis, type of EUS and operators' experiences.ResultsThe overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS-FNA were 85. 1％, 81.1％, 96. 3％, 98. 4％ and 65.0％, respectively. Univariable logistic regression analysis indicated that lesion size, lesion characteristics, negative suction pressure, operators' experience were correlated factors of EUS-FNA positive rate, while lesion size was the only correlated factor of EUS-FNA diagnostic accuracy ( OR =1. 984,95 ％ CI: 1. 141 ～ 3. 451, P =0. 015 ). Every 1 cm the lesion increased, by 1.67 times of opportunity the positive rate became, by 1.83 times of opportunity the accuracy was. The lesion size and lesion characteristics were independent correlated factors of EUS-FNA positive rate (OR=2.012, P=0.000; OR =10.218, P=0. 002). The positive rate of EUS-FNA in solid lesions was 10. 2 times of that in cystic lesions. Lesion size was the independent correlated factors of EUS-FNA diagnostic accuracy (OR =1. 984, P =0. 015 ). ConclusionEUS-FNA can effectively make a pathological diagnosis of pancreatic masses with high diagnostic accuracy and specificity. EUS-FNA diagnostic positive rate and accuracy were both positively correlated with pancreatic lesion size. EUS-FNA positive rate of solid pancreatic lesions is significantly higher than that of cystic lesions.

Objective To provide an objective basis for differential diagnosis of pancreatic diseases through quantitative analysis of the different features of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (CE-EUS). Methods A total of 32 patients with suspected or confirmed pancreatic neoplasms or chronic pancreatitis and 19 patients who underwent EUS due to other digestive problems other than pancreatic disease were enrolled. Features of blood perfusion of the regions of interest during CE-EUS were analyzed quantitatively. The findings were compared with cytological and/or histopathological results of EUS-FNA and/or surgery.Results Quantitative analysis of CE-EUS showed peak intensity (PI) value of 19 normal pancreas was 0.648 ±0. 174, which was statistically different from that of pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cystic lesions. Based on ROC, the cutoff of differential diagnosis was 0. 505, and the sensitivity and specificity were 100. 0% and 84. 2%, respectively. PI value of 6 chronic pancreatitis was the highest (0. 772 ±0. 106). In pancreatic neoplams, PI values of pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatic cyst and pancreatic endocrine tumors were significantly different. Based on a cutoff of 0. 195, the sensitivity and specificity of differentiation of pancreatic carcinoma and pancreatic cyst were 85.7% and 87.5%, respectively. PI value of 14 pancreatic carcinoma and that of 4 pancreatic endocrine tumors were 0. 321 ± 0. 119 and 0. 763 ± 0. 115, respectively. Through the comparison between the AT and TTP of the focal lesions and surrounding pancreatic parenchyma, 78.6% pancreatic carcinoma showed slow falling-in and rapid wash-out and all the endocrine tumors showed rapid falling-in and rapid wash-out. The PI value of 8 patients with pancreatic cyst was 0. 181 ±0. 036, with no enhanced blood flow in the cyst. The TIC was a straight line. Conclusion CE-EUS with quantitative analysis is a promising method that can be a more objective basis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.

Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental diseases found in humans. Previous studies indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1344706 in the gene ZNF804A encoding zinc finger protein 804A was associated with schizophrenia in Caucasian population but not in Chinese Han population. However, current results are conflicting in Asian population. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to revisit the association between rs1344706 and the risk of schizophrenia in Asian, Caucasian and other populations. Electronic search of PubMed database identified 25 case–control studies with available genotype frequencies of rs1344706 for the meta-analysis, involving a total of 15,788 cases and 22,654 controls. A pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. The current meta-analysis showed an association between rs1344706 and schizophrenia in Caucasian populations (P= 0.028, OR= 1.138, 95% CI: 1.014–1.278; P = 0.004 for heterogeneity) and Asian populations (P = 0.008, OR = 1.092, 95% CI: 1.023–1.165; P = 0.001 for heterogeneity), but not in other populations (P= 0.286, OR= 1.209, 95% CI: 0.853–1.714, P = 0.120 for heterogeneity). Egger’s test (P > 0.05) and Begg’s test (P>0.05) are both suggestive of the lack of publication bias for the included studies. Thus, the absence of association in other populations suggests a genetic heterogeneity in the susceptibility of schizophrenia and demonstrates the difficulties in replicating genome-wide association study findings regarding schizophrenia across different ethnic populations. To validate the association between rs1344706 and schizophrenia, further studies with larger participant populations worldwide are needed.

Objective This study aims to explore the impact of patient gratitude on nurse creativity and examine the me-diating role of job satisfaction and the moderating role of safety climate.Methods In May 2023,a questionnaire survey was con-ducted among all nurses in two county-level public hospitals in Yangquan City,using the Patient Gratitude Scale,Creativity Scale,Job Satisfaction Scale,and Safety Climate Scale.A total of 448 valid questionnaires were collected.Mediation and moder-ation effects were tested using SPSS 20.0 and Model 4 and Model 7 in the Process v3.0 plugin.Results Patient gratitude showed a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction and creativity(r=0.558,0.591,P<0.01),and job satisfaction showed a significant positive correlation with creativity(r=0.581,P<0.01).Job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between patient gratitude and creativity(mediation effect value=0.1850,95%confidence interval[0.1190:0.2484]),ac-counting for 34.76%of the total effect.Safety climate moderated the relationship between patient gratitude and job satisfaction(β=-0.048,P<0.05).Conclusion Patient gratitude has a positive impact on nurse creativity through job satisfaction.Ad-ditionally,safety climate moderates the relationship between patient gratitude and job satisfaction.