Polysaccharides, predominantly extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium officinale, Ganoderma lucidum, and Poria cocos, represent principal bioactive constituents extensively utilized in Chinese medicine. These compounds have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory capabilities, especially anti-liver injury activities, while exhibiting minimal adverse effects. This review summarized recent studies to elucidate the hepatoprotective efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of these herbal polysaccharides. It underscored the role of these polysaccharides in regulating hepatic function, enhancing immunological responses, and improving antioxidant capacities, thus contributing to the attenuation of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver protection. Analyses of molecular pathways in these studies revealed the intricate and indispensable functions of traditional Chinese herbal polysaccharides in liver injury management. Therefore, this review provides a thorough examination of the hepatoprotective attributes and molecular mechanisms of these medicinal polysaccharides, thereby offering valuable insights for the advancement of polysaccharide-based therapeutic research and their potential clinical applications in liver disease treatment.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Antioxidants ; Polysaccharides/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Cellular force transducer plays a crucial role in normal development of the follicles,which consists of integrin,focal adhesion,signal pathways and cytoskeleton.In follicle development,cellular force transducer converts force stimulation into biochemical signal,and activates the signal pathways to make cytoskeleton respond to stimulation.This process promotes various biological functions of germ cells,such as migration,meiosis and ovulation.This review summarizes the mechanism of follicles'development from two aspects,the role of cellular force transducer in the development of follicles and the related signal pathways,so as to provide a new idea for the further study of follicle development.

Objective:This study aimed to compare the audiological characteristics between children with unilateral auditory neuropathy (UAN) and single-sided deafness (SSD) to establish a valid basis for the differential diagnosis of children with UAN.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on audiological and imaging evaluations of children with UAN and SSD who were treated at Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University between May 2015 and June 2023. There were 17 children with UAN, comprising 10 males and 7 females, with an average age of 4.7 years. Additionally, there were 43 children with SSD, consisting of 27 males and 16 females, with an average age of 6.5 years. Audiological assessments included Auditory brainstem response (ABR), Steady-state auditory evoked potential (ASSR), Behavioural audiometry, Cochlear microphonic potential (CM), Distortino-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and acoustic immittance test. The results of the audiological assessment and imaging phenotypic between the two groups of children were compared and analyzed by applying SPSS 27.0 statistical software.Results:(1) The UAN group (77.8%) had a significantly higher rate of ABR wave III L than the SSD group (20.9%) ( P<0.01). The PA thresholds at 500 Hz and 1 000 Hz of children with SSD were higher than those of children with UAN, while the ASSR thresholds at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2 000 Hz, and 4 000 Hz of children with SSD were significantly higher than those of children with UAN ( P<0.05). (2) The degree of hearing loss in both UAN and SSD children was predominantly complete hearing loss. The percentage of complete hearing loss was significantly higher (χ2=4.353, P=0.037) in the SSD group (93.0%, 40/43) than in the UAN group (63.6%, 7/11). However, the percentage of profound hearing loss was significantly higher in the UAN group (27.3%, 3/11) than in the SSD group (2.3%, 1/43) ( Fisher′s exact test, P=0.023). In terms of hearing curve configuration, the percentage of flat type was significantly higher in the SSD group (76.7%, 33/43) than in the UAN group (36.4%, 4/11). The proportion of the UAN group (27.3%, 3/11) was significantly higher than that in the SSD group (2.3%, 1/43) in ascending type ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the hearing curves of the declining type and other types between the two groups ( P>0.05). (3) The proportion of imaging assessment without abnormality was significantly more common in the UAN group (81.8%) than in the SSD group (37.1%) (χ2=6.695, P=0.015). Conclusions:Compared to children with SSD, the occurrence of wave III L on the ABR test was significantly more common in children with UAN. The percentage of ascending hearing curves was significantly higher in children with UAN than in children with SSD. ASSR thresholds were significantly lower in children with UAN. The normal imaging phenotype was significantly more common in children with UAN than in children with SSD.

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).

The blepharoplasty with incision have been widely used. The main difference of many specific surgical methods is that different suture methods between those tissues of upper eyelid can produce different aesthetic effect. This review summerized the different suture methods of incisional blepharoplasty for connection, such as skin, orbicularis oculi, tarsal plate, orbital septum and levator aponeurosis. The advantages and disadvantages were also reviewed in order to provide reference for clinical work and enhence the understanding of the incisional blepharoplasty.

The blepharoplasty with incision have been widely used. The main difference of many specific surgical methods is that different suture methods between those tissues of upper eyelid can produce different aesthetic effect. This review summerized the different suture methods of incisional blepharoplasty for connection, such as skin, orbicularis oculi, tarsal plate, orbital septum and levator aponeurosis. The advantages and disadvantages were also reviewed in order to provide reference for clinical work and enhence the understanding of the incisional blepharoplasty.

In vitro studies have established the prevalent theory that the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 protects neurodegeneration by removing damaged mitochondria in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, difficulty in detecting endogenous PINK1 protein in rodent brains and cell lines has prevented the rigorous investigation of the in vivo role of PINK1. Here we report that PINK1 kinase form is selectively expressed in the human and monkey brains. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deficiency of PINK1 causes similar neurodegeneration in the brains of fetal and adult monkeys as well as cultured monkey neurons without affecting mitochondrial protein expression and morphology. Importantly, PINK1 mutations in the primate brain and human cells reduce protein phosphorylation that is important for neuronal function and survival. Our findings suggest that PINK1 kinase activity rather than its mitochondrial function is essential for the neuronal survival in the primate brains and that its kinase dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.

Objective: To explore the association between mobile phone dependence and constipation of college students in Yunnan Province, and to provide a data reference for improving and preventing constipation in college students. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 9 960 college students from three universities in Kunming and Dali, Yunnan Province. The Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use was used to assess mobile phone dependence symptoms, and the questionnaire was conducted to collect the constipation information of college students. Data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Chi square test was used to compare the reporting rates of detection in college students with different demographic characteristics. The association between mobile phone dependence and constipation was analyzed by binary Logistic regression models. Results: The detection rate of mobile phone dependence symptoms was 30.93%, and the reporting rates of constipation was 24.46% of college students in Yunnan Province. After collcted for the demographic variables and other confounding effects, the analysis results showed that:withdrawal symptoms of mobile phone dependence( OR=1.29, 95%CI =1.09-1.54), physical and mental health impacts of mobile phone dependence ( OR=1.25, 95%CI =1.10-1.43) and craving of mobile phone dependence ( OR=1.20, 95%CI =1.06-1.36) were associated with constipation in college students( P <0.01). Conclusion Mobile phone dependence may increase the risk of constipation of college students in Yunnan Province, so health education should be strengthend.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a very important pathogen, especially for children.On a global scale, GAS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.But the burden of disease caused by GAS is still unknown in China and also has not obtained enough attention.For this purpose, the expert consensus is comprehensively described in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GAS diseases in children, covering related aspects of pneumology, infectiology, immunology, microbiology, cardiology, nephrology, critical care medicine and preventive medicine.Accordingly, the consensus document was intended to improve management strategies of GAS disease in Chinese children.

Oleic acid(OA),a monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),has previously been shown to reverse saturated fatty acid palmitic acid(PA)-induced hepatic insulin resistance(IR).However,its underlying molecular mechanism is unclear.In addition,previous studies have shown that eicos-apentaenoic acid(EPA),a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),reverses PA-induced muscle IR,but whether EPA plays the same role in hepatic IR and its possible mechanism involved need to be further clarified.Here,we confirmed that EPA reversed PA-induced IR in HepG2 cells and compared the proteomic changes in HepG2 cells after treatment with different free fatty acids(FFAs).A total of 234 proteins were determined to be differentially expressed after PA+OA treat-ment.Their functions were mainly related to responses to stress and endogenous stimuli,lipid meta-bolic process,and protein binding.For PA+EPA treatment,the PA-induced expression changes of 1326 proteins could be reversed by EPA,415 of which were mitochondrial proteins,with most of the functional proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)and tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle.Mechanistic studies revealed that the protein encoded by JUN and reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a role in OA-and EPA-reversed PA-induced IR,respectively.EPA and OA alle-viated PA-induced abnormal adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production,ROS generation,and calcium(Ca2+)content.Importantly,H2O2-activated production of ROS increased the protein expression of JUN,further resulting in IR in HepG2 cells.Taken together,we demonstrate that ROS/JUN is a common response pathway employed by HepG2 cells toward FFA-regulated IR.