Neural crest stem cells originated from hair follicle (epidermal neural crest stem cell, EPI-NCSC) are easy to obtain and have potentials to differentiate into various tissues, which make them eminent seed cells for tissue engineering. EPI-NCSC is now used to repair nerve injury, especially, the spinal cord injury. To investigate their effects on repairing peripheral nerve injury, EPI-NCSC from a GFP-SD rat were primarily cultured on coated dishes and on a poly lactic acid coglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) membrane. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that the initial adhesion rate of EPI-NCSC was 89.7% on PLGA membrane, and the relative growth rates were 89.3%, 87.6%, 85.6%, and 96.6% on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day respectively. Cell cycles and DNA ploidy analysis demonstrated that cell cycles and proliferation indexes of cultured EPI-NCSC had the same variation pattern on coated dishes and PLGA membrane. Then cultured EPI-NCSC were mixed with equal amount of extracellular matrix and injected into a PLGA conduit to connect a 10 mm surgery excision gap of rat sciatic nerve, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was used to substitute EPI-NCSC in the control group. After four weeks of transplantation, the defected sciatic nerve achieved a histological restoration, the sensory function of rat hind limb was partly recovered and the sciatic nerve index was also improved. The above results showed that a PLGA conduit filled with EPI-NCSC has a good repair effect on the peripheral nerve injury.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Neural Crest ; cytology ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve ; pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) in human brain gliomas cell(SHG-44) apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Methods Human glioma cells were passage cultured. Glioma cells were treated by MG-132 with varying concentration(5, 10, 15 and 50 μmol/L) for 24 h. Compared with cells prior to the treatment (control group), cell viability was detected by MTT assay and the expression of ERS associated proteins GRP78 and apoptosis associated proteins Caspsse-12 was examined by PCR and Western-blotting. Results After MG-132 treatment for 24 h, SHG-44 cell viability was decreased significantly (39 %) (P <0.05), and continued to show a significant decline with the increasing concentration of MG-132 (P <0.05). RT-PCR results showed that the expression of ERS associated proteins GRP78 in SHG-44 cells were significantly increased after 5, 10, 15 and 50 μmol/L MG-132 treatment, and the expression of Caspase-12 was significantly increased after 5 μmol/L MG-132 treatment, slightly increased after 10 and 15 μmol/L treatment compared with that after 5 μmol/L treatment and reached the peak after 50 μmol/L treatment. Western-blotting results of GRP78 in SHG-44 cells were same as results of RT-PCR. Conclusion ERS may be involved in the apoptosis of gliomas cells induced by proteasome inhibitor MG-132.

Objectives To investigate the clinical effect of hemoperfusion in severe juvenile dermatomyositis. Meth-ods Two patients with severe juvenile dermatomyositis, who accepted hemoperfusion treatment, were retrospectively analyzed. Results In these 2 patients, the hemoperfusion process were smooth. The muscle pain was reduced and the muscle enzymes were decreased. After hemoperfusion, one patient refused to continue treatment and the disease recurrent. The other patient con-tinued to accept the immunosuppressive therapy and eventually improved. Conclusions For juvenile dermatomyositis, hemo-perfusion was a safe and effective auxiliary treatment. It could be applied when the general treatment was invalid.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of three doses of mifepristone on patients with dysfunc-tional uterine bleeding.Methods 150 patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding were chosen,and they were randomly divided into 3 groups,including low dose group (50 patients),middle dose group (50 patients)and high dose group (50 patients).All patients adopted routine treatment.On the basis of this,the low dose group received 6.25mg/d mifepristone,the middle dose group received 12.5mg/d mifepristone,the high dose group received 18.25mg/d mifepristone,continued 6 months.The influence of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hor-mone (LH),estradiol (E),progesterone (P),volume of uterine and endometrail thickness of patients were observed. Results After treatment,the FSH,LH,E and P levels in the three groups were significantly decreased compared with before treatment (FSH:t=4.406,5.329,3.610,LH:t=4.563,6.134,4.455,P=0.000,0.000,0.000;P=0.000, 0.000,0.000;E:t=7.173,6.815,7.018,P=0.000,0.000,0.000;E:t=2.367,6.315,4.351,P=0.020,0.000, 0.000),and the difference were statistically significant (all P<0.05).Before and after treatment,FSH,LH,P levels among the three groups had no obvious differences (P>0.05 ).Compared with the low dose group,E levels in the middle dose group and high dose group significantly decreased(t=3.850,2.085,P=0.000,0.004).Before and after treatment,the uterine volume among the three groups had no significant difference (P>0.05 ).After treatment,the functional uterine bleeding symptoms were significantly relieved in the three groups,the effective rate was 100%.The recurrence rate of the low dose group was 32%,which was significantly higher than 8%and 10%of the middle dose group and high dose group.The amenorrhea rate of the middle dose group and high dose group(6% and 2%)was significantly lower than that of the low dose group (46%).Conclusion The treatment of 12.5mg/d mifepristone is effectively adapted to patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

BACKGROUND:Mechanical properties of the blood vessels include axial and radial tension which is important to guarantee the tissue perfusion and its pressure. OBJECTIVE:To test and analyze stretching and puncture parameters that can ful y characterize the performance of blood vessels, so as to predict the health condition of the vessels transplanted into recipients. METHODS:Mechanical properties as circumferential tension, axial tension and puncture were tested on the porcine aorta, and then pathological and staining analysis was done to explore whether freeze-dried vessels can withstand the blood pressure in al directions after transplanted into the body. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Specific trend on the curves of freeze-dried vessels during circumferential tension, axial tension and puncture process was closer to that of fresh vessel curves, suggesting that structural components and arrangement of the freeze-dried vessels were not changed greatly. Meanwhile, the microscopic observations of slice and tensile section were taken into account so that the reason was studied and explained for the mechanical properties of the experimental data and results. The macroscopic mechanical result was analyzed based on the change of microstructure. These findings indicate that the vacuum freeze-drying is a better method to maintain the performance of blood vessels.

Objective To detect the myelinating role of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs in the contused spinal cord and their impact on remyelination.Methods The rats were subjected to spinal cord injury at T10(10 g ×25 mm) using a NYU-Ⅱ impactor.One week later,the rats were transplanted with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-OECs (OECs group) or an equal volume of Dulbecco' s modification of Eagle's medium (DMEM) (control group) at epicenter of the injury as well as its rostral and caudal sites.Six weeks after transplantation,the spinal cords were removed for frozen section.Myelin basic protein (MBP),protein zero (P0),and S100 protein (S100) were determined with qualitative and semi-quantitative immunocytochemical assay.Moreover,plastic embedded semithin and ultrathin sections were prepared for qualitative and semi-quantitative examination under light microscopy and electroscopic study of myelin sheath ultrastructure.Results In OECs group,the nerve fibers labeled with S100,MBP,and PO were extended from the normal tissues to the injured region and even grew through the region with space consuming of 12.3％,11.6％,and 9.3％ respectively.Moreover,there were no statistical differences regarding the number of fibers labeled by the three proteins,but all were significantly larger than that in control group (2.89％,P ＜ 0.01).Number of myelinated nerve fibers in injured regions on hemithin sections was increased significantly to 354.67 ± 59.00 in OECs group,with significant difference compared with 167.33 ± 42.16 in control group (P ＜ 0.01).The regenerated myelin sheaths in OECs group were smaller and thicker than those in control group.Conclusions OECs can accelerate regeneration of myelinated nerve fibers.Additionally,some OECs form myelin sheaths themselves,but the sheath structures are relatively thinner.

Objective To explore the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) after epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) transplantation.Method EPI-NCSCs were isolated from GFP transgenic rats for transplantation.The rat SCI model was made by NYU-II impactor (10 g 25 mm) at T10 level.Then 30 SD rats were randomly divided into blank injury group (group A),DMEM transplantation group (group B),and experimental group (group C).The EPI-NCSCs were transplanted into the injured region one week after SCI.In DMEM group,the DMEM/F12 was used to substitute for the EPI-NCSCs.No treatment was done in blank injury group.The locomotor function was appraised by BBB score every week after transplantation.At sixth week after transplantation,GDNF mRNA and protein expression was detected.Result The BBB score in experimental group was significantly higher than the other two groups from two weeks after transplantation (P＜0.05).The expression of GDNF mRNA and protein in experimental group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between blank injury group and DMEM transplantation group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of GDNF can be up-regulated by EPI-NCSCs transplantation,which may be one of the mechanisms for EPI-NCSCs repairing SCI.

Objective: To analyze heavy metal health risks of direct drinking water in primary and secondary schools in Huangpi District, Wuhan, so as to provide reference basis for ensuring drinking water safety of teachers and students. Methods: Cadmium (Cd), Plumbum (Pb) and arsenic (As) in water samples from primary and secondary schools were detected in accordance with the GB/T 5750-2006 "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water", water quality was evaluated based on the Quality Standard for Fine Drinking Water(CJ 94-2005). Health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metals in direct drinking water in primary and secondary schools. Results: The unqualified rates of Pb, Cd and As were 0.95%, 1.22% and 0 in 66 primary and secondary schools in Huangpi District, Wuhan. The risk of noncarcinogens related to the direct drinking water of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) were less than 1. The range of carcinogenic risks related to the direct drinking water was within the range of 1.07×10 -8 /year -5.58×10 -6 /year which were both within the acceptable level. Conclusion Concentrations of cadmium, plumbum and arsenic were not found to be significantly elevated as compared to "Quality Standard for Fine Drinking Water" in Huangpi District of Wuhan. Pb and Cd slightly exceeded the standard, with no significant health risk. Water quality and health risk assessment should be strengthened to ensure the safety of drinking water for teachers and students.

Objective To investigate the effect of cisternostomy on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 46 patients with TBI admitted to Shanxi Dayi Hospital from May 2017 to September 2018.There were 37 males and nine females,aged 24-80 years [(49.8 ± 15.7)years].The injury severity score (ISS) was 6-42 points [(25.0 ± 8.2)points],and the Glasgow Coma score (GCS) was 3-14 points [(3.4 ± 1.7) points].Twenty-three patients underwent routine surgery only (control group),and 23 patients underwent cisternostomy (cisternostomy group) on the basis of routine surgery.Intracranial pressure monitoring was performed in both groups before surgery.The postoperative intracranial pressure,intracranial pressure 1 week after operation,postoperative mechanical ventilation time,neurosurgical ICU (NICU) time,postoperative dehydration dose,decompressive craniectomy rate,postoperative infection rate,mortality rate,length of hospital stay,GCS at discharge,and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) of 3 months of follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the cistemostomy group had lower postoperative intracranial pressure [(7.1 ± 5.7) mmHg vs.(14.2 ± 12.0) mmHg)],intracranial pressure 1 week after operation [(11.8 ± 0.5) mmHg vs.(14.0 ± 0.7) mmHg],postoperative dosage of dehydrating agent [0 (0-500.0) ml vs.1 275 (787.5-3 812.5) ml] and decompression rate (57％ ∶ 91％) (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the cistemostomy group and control group in postoperative mechanical ventilation time [120 (42.0-225.0)hours vs.89(65.5-203.5)hours],NICU time [236(182.0-340.5)hoursvs.281 (114-400)hours],postoperative infection rate (4％ vs.0),mortality rate (13％ vs.39％) and hospital stay [32 (20.0-44.5) hours vs.25 (12.0-30.5)hours] (P ＞ 0.05).The cisternostomy group had higher GCS score at discharge than the control group [(10.7 ± 4.2) points vs.(7.9 ± 4.2) points] (P ＜ 0.05).After 3 months of follow-up,18 patients in the cisternostomy group showed good prognosis,better than that in the control group (11 patients) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For TBI patients,cisternostomy can clear the blood cerebrospinal fluid,reduce harmful metabolic products in the brain,reduce intracranial pressure and hence improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To investigate the change of syndesmotic volume via CT scan in Danis-Weber B type ankle fracture, aiming to provide a non-invasive diagnostic method for Danis-Weber B type ankle fracture combined with syndesmotic injury.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 48 patients with Danis-Weber B type ankle fractures in Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2018 to March 2022, including 30 males and 18 females, aging (43.71±19.41) years. Ankle CT scans and three-dimensional reconstructions were performed before surgery and at the last follow-up, measuring the syndesmotic volume between the tibiotalar joint and 1, 3 and 5 cm above the ankle and compared with each other. Intraoperative exploration was used as the gold standard for the syndesmotic injury. Based on the results of exploration of the syndesmotic injury, patients were divided into simple ankle fracture group (fracture group, 25 cases) and ankle fracture combined with syndesmotic injury group (fracture + ligament group, 23 cases). The sensitivity and specificity of this diagnostic method were statistically evaluated. The assessments at the last follow-up were performed to value the clinical effect of surgery. The metric data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and the t-tests were used for comparison between groups. The measurement data of skewed distribution were expressed as quartile M( Q1, Q3), and nonparametric tests were used for intergroup comparison. Counting data were expressed as number of cases and percentage (%), and Chi-square test were used for intergroup comparison. Results:In the fracture group, there were no statistically significant differences of the syndesmotic volume at 1, 3, and 5 cm above the ankle joint before surgery and at the last follow-up ( P=0.219, 0.269, 0.103). On the contrary, the volume above were statistically significant in the fracture + ligament group ( P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in syndesmotic volume between the two groups at 1, 3, and 5 cm above the ankle joint preoperatively ( P=0.005, 0.004, 0.038). By contrast, there were no statistical differences between the two groups postoperatively ( P=0.082, 0.155, 0.249). For the sensitivity and specificity of Danis-Weber B type ankle fractures combined with syndesmotic injury, they were 92% and 67% at 1 cm above the ankle joint, 69% and 87% at 3 cm above the ankle joint, and 62% and 87% at 5 cm above the ankle joint, respectively. The last follow-up clinical function score indicated a good surgical outcome. Conclusions:Volumetric measurement via CT scan is one of the diagnostic methods for evaluating Danis-Weber B type ankle fracture combined with syndesmotic injurys. Open resection internal fixation combined with elastic fixation of the ankle fracture combined with syndesmotic injurys can significantly reduce the lower tibiofibular volume, and the efficacy is definite.