OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety of Polyisobutylene (PIB) Gutong plaster by transdermal administration. METHODS:66 rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group,a group with intact skin and a group with damaged skin. The latter two groups were respectively re-divided into PIB group,the groups of low,medium and high-dose PIB Gutong plaster and Gutong plaster group. An acute toxicity test was conducted on the rabbits,which 14 d of continuous observation was made 24 h af-ter transdermal administration. Another 60 rabbits were divided into several groups as above except for a normal group. A single pri-mary skin irritation test was conducted on them,where skin irritation reactions were recorded 6 h after a single administration based on intra-individual left/right self comparison method. 70 guinea pigs were randomized into a negative control group (vase-line),a PIB group,a positive control group(2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene),a Gutong plaster group and the groups of low,medium and high-dose PIB Gutong plaster,which were dosed for sensitization,followed by a skin sensitization test. RESULTS:No obvi-ous toxicity symptoms could be seen after administration of PIB Gutong plaster. The rabbits’intact or damaged skin had no irrita-tion response to PIB and low and medium-dose PIB Gutong plaster. PIB Gutong plaster caused no irritation response in the rabbits’ intact skin,but slight irritation in damaged skin 1 h after administration. The allergic reaction incidence of the positive control group of guinea pigs was 100% while that of any other groups was 0. CONCLUSIONS:The PIB Gutong plaster is safe for trans-dermal administration.

Objective To screen the splicing isoforms of estrogen receptor βin the Beagle hypothalamic -pituitary -gonadal axis.Methods For ERβmRNA CDS sequence of eight exons, primers were designed confined to the CDS sequences of two sequential exons.Beagle hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus tissue cDNA were used as template, and corresponding sequences were amplified by PCR.PCR products were sequenced and aligned in the NCBI web site.The correct gene was then analyzed with DNAMAN comparative analysis software and handwork checking up, thus got the ERβsplicing isoforms of Beagle. Results Four beagle ER beta splicing isomers were obtained:exon 4 complete skipping ER βisomer (300 bp missing), two kind of Beagle ERβisoforms with partial exon 4 and partial exon 5 complicated missing (isoformⅠ334 bp missing and isoformⅡ265 bp missing), and exon 7 complete missing ERβsplicing isoforms (181 bp missing).Exon 4 complete skipping and exon 7 complete missing isomers had been obtained full length coding sequence, and the other two splicing isomers were partial coding sequence.Conclusion This project gained four ERβsplicing isomers of Beagle, and that will lay an important foundation for further study of their roles in the Beagle reproductive regulation mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:To study the analgesic effect and mechanism of Gutongtie paste on model rats with formaldehyde-in-duced pain. METHODS:60 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Gutongtie paste low-dose,medi-um-dose,high-dose groups(0.594,1.188. 2.376 g/paste,containing crude drug 0.48,0.96,1.92 g)and prednisone acetate group (ig,0.0054 g/kg,external bonding matrix). Model rats with pain was induced by formaldehyde method and immediately adminis-trated after modeling. Electronic tenderness instrument was adopted to determine the pain threshold of rats'ankle joint after adminis-tration of 1,2,3,4,6 h. After 6 h,blood sample 0.3 mL was taken from abdominal aorta then rats were sacrificed. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the β-endorphin (β-EP),prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents;spectrophotometry was used to determine nitric oxide(NO)content in rats'serum and inflammatory tissue;and radioimmunoassay was adopted to detect the substance P content in rats'serum,inflammatory tissue and brain tissue. RESULTS:Compared with be-fore modeling,pain thresholds in model group at each period were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with blank group,PGE2,NO of rats,substance P content in inflammatory tissue and brain tissue in model group were significantly in-creased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group,pain thresholds in Gutongtie paste groups at corresponding time points were increased,PGE2 and substance P contents in inflammatory tissue and brain tissue were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);β-EP and NO contents in serum in Gutongtie paste medium-dose,high-dose groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01),NO contents in serum in Gutongtie paste high-dose group were decreased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Gutongtie paste has a certain analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect,and the mechanism may be related to reducing PGE2, NO, substance P contents, increasing β-EP content.

ObjectiveTo analyze the perioperative curative effect of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in a single center over two decades.MethodsClinical data of 523 patients who had complete medical record and underwent PD in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University between January 1994 and December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the latter decade group and the former decade group according to the year when surgery was performed. Among the 396 patients in the latter decade group, 246 were males and 150 were females with the age ranging from 19 to 97 years old and the median of 58 years old. Among the 127 patients in the former decade group, 69 were males and 58 were females with the age ranging from 6 to 79 years old and the median of 56 years old. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. The perioperative conditions of two groups were compared and analyzed using rank sum test and the comparison of rate was conducted using Chi-squaretest.ResultsThe median length of surgery in the latter decade group was 340(187-920) min, significantly longer than 310(180-730) min in the former decade group (Z=3.12, P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss in the latter decade group was 300(50-4 500) ml, significantly less than 600(200-18 000) ml in the former decade group (Z=-7.62,P<0.05). The postoperative length of stay in the latter decade group was 23(5-148) d, signiifcantly shorter than 25(11-309) d in the former decade group (Z=-2.82,P<0.05). The perioperative mortality in the latter decade group was 6% (24/396), significantly lower than 12%(15/127) in the former decade group (χ2=4.61,P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications and the reoperation rate of the patients with postoperative complications in the latter decade group were respectively 39% (156/396) and 29%(45/156), while those in the former decade group were respectively 46% (58/127) and 16% (9/58). The reoperation rate in the latter decade group was signiifcantly higher than that in the former decade group (χ2=3.98,P<0.05). The most common reason for reoperation was intra-abdominal hemorrhage.ConclusionsPD has become a safe and effective operation as the intraoperative blood loss, the postoperative length of stay and the perioperative mortality decrease. Timely reoperation may has an important signiifcance in reducing the perioperative mortality when severe postoperative complications happen.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics and genetic characteristics of children with ATP sensitive potassium passage (K ATP-HI). Methods:Forty-five children with genetically confirmed K ATP-HI and their families admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University between February 2002 and December 2018 were selected as the study subjects. A detailed retrospective analysis of the patient's clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process, disease-causing gene carrying status and later follow-up data was performed. ABCC8/KCNJ11 gene was sequenced by second-generation sequencing technology. Results:Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 34 cases (75.6%) were neonatal onset, the first symptoms of 21 cases (46.7%) were convulsions. 39 cases had been treated with diazoxide, including 12 cases (30.8%) with good efficacy, 16 cases (41%) with poor efficacy and 11 cases with uncertain efficacy. Octreotide was further applied in 18 patients with uncertain or ineffective efficacy after diazoxide treatment, and 13 cases (72.2%) were effective, 3 cases were ineffective, and 2 cases were uncertain. 10 CHI patients who were ineffective to drug treatment or had clearly focal lesions confirmed by 18F-dopa positron emission by computed tomography ( 18F-DOPA PET) scans had undergone surgical treatment, 8 of which underwent partial pancreatectomy and blood glucose returned to normal after the operation; the other 2 cases underwent subtotal pancreatectomy and both had secondary diabetes after operation. Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 1 case carried both ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations, 10 cases carried ABCC8 compound heterozygous mutations, and the remaining 34 cases carried ABCC8/KCNJ11 single genetic mutation. Among them, 21 cases had paternal inheritance, and 3 cases had maternal inheritance, 6 cases were identified with de novo mutations. Conclusions:Diazoxide treatment was ineffective for most K ATP-HI children, but octreotide had a higher effective rate. Partial pancreatectomy for focal type patients had a higher cure rate, and there was a risk of secondary diabetes after subproximal pancreatectomy, so it was very important to clarify the histological type of children before surgery. ABCC8 gene mutations and KCNJ11 gene mutations were the main pathogenic genes of K ATP-HI. Among patients carrying mutations in single ABCC8 or KCNJ11 gene mutation, K ATP-HI inherited by paternity were the majority. Some K ATP-HI children can relieve the hypoglycemia symptoms by themselves.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of elastography in the differential diagnosis of benign versus malignant testicular lesions. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. The diagnostic accuracy of elastography was evaluated using pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, post-test probability, diagnostic odds ratio, and by summarizing the area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve. Results: Seven studies with 568 lesions were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81% to 92%) and 81% (95% CI, 65% to 90%), respectively. The pooled estimates of the positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 4.48 (95% CI, 2.37 to 8.47), 0.16 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.25), and 28.11 (95% CI, 11.39 to 69.36), respectively. The area under the HSROC curve was 90% (95% CI, 88% to 93%). Conclusion Elastography is useful for assessing the stiffness of testicular lesions and for differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Elastography can be an effective supplement to conventional ultrasonography.

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Gutong plasters in acute inflammatory model of rats. Methods:Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,Gutong plasters at low,medium and high dose groups(0.594,1.188 and 2.376 g/patch containing crude drug 0.48,0.96 and 1.92 g,respectively) and prednisone ace-tate group(0.005 4 g·kg-1). The acute inflammation model was prepared by injecting 5% formaldehyde into right side of foot plan-tar. And then,the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by measuring the foot plantar volume. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of nitric oxide(NO),histamine(HIS) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in serum and inflam-matory tissue,the levels of prostaglandin E2(PGE2),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β) and interleu-kin 6 (IL-6) in inflammatory tissue were also determined. Pathological changes were observed through the pathological sections pre-pared by HE staining. Results:When compared with the model group,Gutong plasters could significantly inhibit the swelling of foot plantar in inflammatory rats(P<0.01). At the same time,Gutong plasters could significantly reduce the levels of NO,5-HT and HIS in serum and inflammatory tissue in different degrees(P<0.05 or P<0.01),significantly reduce the content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue (P<0.05 or P<0.01),increase the content of IL-6 in inflammatory tissue and improve the pathological changes of inflammato-ry tissues (the pathological score was significantly reduced). In partical indictor changes,Gutong plasters and prednisone acetate showed an equal effect.In addition,Gutong plasters didn't show significant dose-dependent manner in inhibiting foot swelling,affect-ing inflammatory mediators and improving pathological changes(P>0.05). Conclusion:Gutong plasters have better anti-inflammato-ry effect in the acute inflammation model induced by formaldehyde in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect may be associated with the de-crease of the levels of NO,5-HT and HIS in serum and inflammatory tissue,the decrease of the content of PGE2and the increase of the content of IL-6 in inflammatory tissue. In addition,the anti-inflammatory effect may be relevant to improving the local inflammatory tis-sue subcutaneous edema and inflammatory cell infiltration.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of arsenic trioxide on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells migration induced by low dose of sorafenib. Methods Human HCC cells MHCC97H in logarithmic phase were treated with 2μmol/L arsenic trioxide (arsenic trioxide group), 3μmol/L sorafenib (sorafenib group), 2μmol/L arsenic trioxide+3μmol/L sorafenib (combination group), 50 μmol/L LY294002(LY group) and 3 μmol/L sorafenib + 50 μmol/L LY294002 (LY+ sorafenib group) respectively. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in the control group. Wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay were used to detect the ability of horizontal and vertical cell migration. The expression of p-Akt, E-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail proteins was measured by Western blot. The experiment data were compared using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. Results Wound healing assay revealed that the horizontal migration speed in the sorafenib, arsenic trioxide and combination groups was (1.59±0.14), (0.39±0.08) and (0.58±0.12) times of that in the control group (t=7.20,-12.58,-6.62;P<0.05). Transwell migration assay revealed that the number of cells in the sorafenib, arsenic trioxide, combination and control groups was 285±26, 169±18, 194±19 and 228±9 respectively. Compared with the control group, the number of cells was signiifcantly increased in the sorafenib group (t=3.48, P<0.05), whereas signiifcantly decreased in the arsenic trioxide group (t=-3.80, P<0.05). The number of cells in the combination group was signiifcantly decreased than that in the sorafenib group (t=-5.67, P<0.05). Western blot revealed that the expression of p-Akt, Snail and Vimentin proteins was up-regulated, whereas the expression of E-cadherin protein was down-regulated in the sorafenib group compared with those in the control group. Compared with the control group, the expression of p-Akt, Snail and Vimentin proteins was down-regulated whereas the expression of E-cadherin protein was up-regulated in the arsenic trioxide, combination, LY and LY+sorafenib groups. Conclusion Arsenic trioxide can inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reverse the promoting effect of low-dose sorafenib upon MHCC97H cell migration through suppressing the activation of PI3K/Akt/Snail signaling pathway.