OBJECTIVETo establish a near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative model for rapid determination of the patchouli alcohol content in Pogostemon cablin.

METHODThe gas chromatography was adopted for determining the content of patchouli alcohol content in 102 batches of P. cablin samples. Their near-infrared spectrograms were collected and preprocessed by standard normal variate and the first derivative of Savitsky-Golay. The quantitative model of patchouli alcohol content was established by the partial least squares regression analysis.

RESULTAccording to the correction model established in this study, the root-mean-square error of calibration, the root-mean-square error of prediction and the root-mean-square error of cross-validation of the calibration model for Patchouli alcohol were 0.991 10, 0.012 9, 0.012 8 and 0.033 15, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative model established in this study is stable, accurate and reliable for the rapid determination of the content of patchouli alcohol in P. cablin.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Objective To investigate the value of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) on assessing pulmonary vascular properties (PVPs) and its relationship with hemodynamics,and mortality rate in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease (PAH-CTD).Methods Patients (n =51) with highly suspected PAH-CTD were prospectively enrolled in our department between July 2011 and March 2014.All patients underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and IVUS,and were divided into 3 groups:PAH-CTD (n =25),PAH due to other reasons (n =15),and non-PAH control group (n=11).Based on IVUS,PAH patients were divided into distal (n =22) and proximal (n =18) remodeling subtypes.A total of 408 pulmonary segments were detected by IVUS,and all patients were followed up to (19 ± 10) months.Results IVUS evidenced higher mean wall thickness (MWT) ((0.30 ± 0.02) mm and (0.33 ± 0.02) mm vs.(0.21 ± 0.02) rmm) and percentage of MWT (WTP) ((13.62 ± 0.59)％ and (14.39 0.77)％ vs.(9.57 ±0.97)％) values in PAH patients compared to control patients (all P ＜ 0.01).Pulmonary vascular mechanical properties (PVMPs) including compliance ((8.85 ± 0.82) × 10 2-mm2/mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) and (6.28 ± 0.65) × 10--2 mm2/mmHg vs.(41.59 ± 5.02) × 10-2 mm2-/mmHg,all P ＜ 0.01),distensibility ((0.83 ± 0.09)％/mmHg and (0.55 ±0.06)％/mmHg vs.(3.16 ±0.38) ％/mmHg,all P ＜0.01),elastic modulus ((169.25 ± 15.10) mmHg and (253.00 ± 22.11) mmHg vs.(43.78 ± 4.27) mmHg,all P ＜ 0.01) and stiffness index 3 (4.19 ±0.41 and 5.18 ±0.34 vs.2.39 ±0.27,P ＜0.05 or 0.01) in PAH groups were all significantly worse than in control group (all P ＜0.01).An inverse exponential association was found between PVMPs and hemodynamics with R2 ranging from 0.544 to 0.777 (P ＜0.001).PVMPs tended to be better in group PAH-CTD than in PAH group due to other reasons.Mortality rate was similar between the two PAH groups,while PAH with distal remodeling subtype was linked with significantly higher mortality rate than PAH with the proximal remodeling subtype (23 ％ vs.0,HR =10.14,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions IVUS plays an important role in the assessment of PAH-CTD patients in terms of evaluating PVPs and predicting mortality rate.PAH patients have deteriorated PVPs,but PVMPs tended to be better in PAH-CTD than in PAH patients due to other reasons.The mortality rate was similar between PAH groups,while PAH patients with the distal remodeling subtype is linked with a higher mortality rate than PAH patients with the proximal remodeling subtype.

background The lead isotope ratios (LIR) differ among different sourced samples. Previous domestic and oversea studies on source tracing by LIR in human blood or urine mainly focused on the comparison of blood or urine samples from the same or different individuals, while few comparisons between biological and environmental samples, and the reported relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the main LIR (^207/206Pb and ^208/206Pb) fluctuate widely from 0.3% to 1%. Objective To optimize inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), obtain a better RSD, and determine LIRs of human blood, urine, and related environmental samples. Methods The ICP-MS was optimized for operating conditions and parameters according to the sensitivity and RSD of LIR. The study subjects were 40 lead-exposed workers in a lead-acid battery factory and 2 lead poisoned children in a hospital. The samples included 40 blood and 40 urine samples from the workers before shift, 4 dust samples and 2 water samples in the workplace on the same day before shift, 2 blood and 3 urine samples from the children before hospital admission due to lead-poisoning, and 4 urine samples after medical treatment. After heating and acid digestion, the LIR (^207/206Pb and ^208/206Pb) of biological and environmental samples were determined by the optimized ICP-MS method. t-test and two-dimensional traceability graphics were adopted to analyze the detection results. Results The calibrated RSDs of the LIR (^207/206Pb and ^208/206Pb) of lead isotope standard solution were 0.11% and 0.08% respectively, and the NIST-SRM-981 actual values were 0.91531±0.00097 and 2.1670±0.0017, respectively. When the total concentration of lead was greater than 5 μg·L⁻¹, the RSD of each isotope ratio was stable gradually; when the total concentration of lead was between 10-80 μg·L⁻¹, the RSD was below 0.20%. There were statistically significant differences in the blood and urine LIR (^207/206Pb and ^208/206Pb) of the lead-exposed workers (t=5.831, P<0.001; t=21.021, P<0.001), the LIR (^207/206Pb and ^208/206Pb) between workplace dust samples and workers’ urine samples (t=−6.879, P=0.038; t=12.521, P<0.001), and the ^208/206Pb between workplace dust samples and workers’ blood samples (t=−10.46, P<0.001), except the ^207/206Pb between workplace dust samples and workers’ blood samples (t=−0.12, P=0.912). In the patients afflicted with lead poisoning, the projection points of LIR of blood and urine samples from the same individual were not at the same level in the two-dimensional model, nor was the LIR of urine samples before and after medical treatment of the same individual. Conclusion The optimized ICP-MS can control the RSD of main LIR (^207/206Pb and ^208/206Pb) below 0.20%. There are differences in the LIR distributions of different samples.