Objective To study the effect of ? interferon in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy. Methods From Jan 1988 to Jan 1998 ,46 cases of renal cell carcinoma were randomized into two groups: the interferon group treated by radical nephrectomy and ? interferon and the control group with radical nephrectomy alone. Results The T lymphocyte subsets CD 3,CD 4,CD 8,the ratio of CD 4/CD 8 were significantly different berfore and after treatment in the interferon group( P

Objective To study the volume of residual urine as related to the surgical indication for BPH. Methods Urodynamic study was carried out in 103 BPH patients who were assigned to group A (no residual urine),group B (residual urine0.05) but significantly different between group C and A or between B and A (P60 ml should be strictly followed.Early surgical intervention should be undertaken if the bladder ontlet obstruction or bladder function deteriorated by BPH causing residual uine.Other causes such as neurogenic should be ruled out before surgery.

Objective Our purpose is to investigate the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) in the retina and to understand the NPR-A’ s functions during the mouse development .Methods Mice eyes were harvested from E16 ( embryonic day 16 ) to P90 ( postnatal day 90 ) . Total of 127 eyes were used in the study . Immunohistochemistries of NPR-A were carried out .Results During development , NPR-A was widely expressed in the retinal neurons .In the outer nuclear layer , NPR-A began to appear in the inner and outer projections of cone and rod cells at P7, but decreased at P14.From P30 afterward, it continued to express weakly .In the inner nuclear layer , NPR-A expressed in the dendrites of bipolar cells weakly from P 7 to adulthood , whereas no expression in horizontal cells .In the ganglion cell layer, NPR-A started highly to express in the ganglion cell bodies at E 16, and in the meantime, in the nerve fiber layer , ganglion cell axons , NPR-A was expressed highly from embryonic to adult .In the inner and outer plexiform layers, NPR-A was highly expressed at P14, but decreased gradually after P30.In addition, NPR-A also widely expressed in the inner protrusions of Müller cells.Conclusion NPR-A participates in the development of the retina , and may be the key molecule in the developing retinal neurons .Moreover, it plays an important regulatory role in the functional activity of Müller cells .

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in phototaxis between Oncomelania hupensis (O .h .) hupensis and O .h .robertsoni as well as four related geographic strains of male and female snails and Schistosoma japonicum-infected and-uninfected snails .Field collection of O . hupensis was performed in S . j aponicum-endemic areas of Xingzi and Yushan counties in Jiangxi Province ,China ,as well as Tianquan and Pengshan counties in Sichuan Province ,China .Infected and uninfected snails were screened using the cercariae escaping method ,with artificial separation of male and female snails . The experiment was carried out in an in-house constructed dark phototaxis experiment box using white light as the main source of light at the most suitable light intensity .Under a light intensity of 1 500 Lux for 30 minutes ,all of the snails from the experimental group showed obvious phototaxis .The statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the phototaxis index between male and female snails ,and there was also no significant difference in the phototaxis index between different geograph-ical strains of the same subspecies of snails .A significant difference in phototaxis was observed between the two subspecies during the 30-minute experimental period :O .h .hupensis displayed a higher phototaxis index than that of O .h .robertsoni , whereas S .japonicum-infected snails showed a lower phototaxis index than that of uninfected snails .A difference in phototaxis was found between different subspecies of O .hupensis and within the same subspecies .All uninfected snails displayed the same phototaxis index .When snails were infected with S .japonicum ,phototaxis reduced .

Objective:To examine the clinical value of combining indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence navigation with blue dye in sen-tinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for patients with breast cancer. Methods:A total of 89 patients with early-stage breast cancer who met the inclusion criteria were admitted at Shantou Central Hospital, Guangdong from May 2013 to April 2014. In phase one, ICG and blue dye were applied in all 53 patients, and then SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were performed based on fluores-cence signal or visual sense of the lymph nodes. In phase two, 36 patients with early-stage breast cancer were included. ALND was omitted when sentinel lymph nodes were frozen showing negative result. Rates of detection, accuracy, and false-negative were calcu-lated. Results:A total of 89 patients were monitored, of which the total rate of SLNB detection was 96.6%(86/89). In the validation pe-riod, the rates of detection, accuracy, and false-negative were 94.3%(50/53) 98.0%(49/50), and 2.6%(1/38), respectively. In the alter-ative period, the rates of detection reached 100%. Of the 196 sentinel lymph nodes, 179 showed fluorescence signal, 142 exhibited blue dying, 54 only demonstrated fluorescence signals, and 45 demonstrated metastasis with five signaling fluorescence. About 24.7%of patients were diagnosed with SLN metastasis (22/89), where SLNB in two patients showed fluorescence signal but without blue dye. No ipsilateral lymph node relapsed were observed during a median follow up of 25 months. Conclusion:Combination of ICG fluores-cence navigation with blue dye in SLNB is safe for patients with breast cancer.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of treatment of recurred urinary stone.Methods The patients who needed to be treated again from 1998 to 2002 were reviewed.Results Patients with recurred urinary stone were differentiated by symptom,the causation of recurred stone and operation.Conclusion The pointed step must be adopted based on the clinical character of recurred urinary stone.Preventing against recurred and choosing appropriate method can improve the treatment effect.

ObjectiveTo analyze the annual publication volume， prolific research institutions， and research hotspots in the field of shared decision-making （SDM） by utilizing CiteSpace software based on a literature review， predicting the future research focus and development direction in this area. MethodsAn advanced search was conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and the Web of Science Core Collection databases， with the search timeframe limited to 2004—2024. Scientific knowledge mapping analysis was performed using CiteSpace software. ResultsFrom 2004 to 2024， the volume of publications on SDM research has shown an increasing trend both domestically and internationally. In China， SDM research was mainly focused on nursing， oncology， and other fields， whereas internationally， the emphasis was on patient participation， risk communication， and the application of decision-making support tools. In China， research institutions were primarily nursing schools and specific departments in affiliated hospitals， while internationally， SDM research was concentrated in North America. Keyword analysis showed that the research hotspots in China have gradually shifted from technical topics such as decision-making trees to the practical application of patient participation and decision-making support tools， while international research has earlier moved into the areas of SDM and artificial intelligence-supported decision-making tools. ConclusionThe research hotspots of SDM， both domestically and internationally， have gradually shifted from theoretical exploration to clinical practice and technological applications. In the future， with the deeper integration of artificial intelligence and big data technologies， SDM research in China will focus more on optimizing decision-making support systems and enhancing patient participation. Promoting the localization of SDM practices， fostering multidisciplinary collaboration， and strengthening policy support will be key directions for future research.

Purperse:To study the effect of α interferon in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy.Methods:From Jan 1988 to Jan 1998,46 cases of renal cell carcinoma were randomized into two groups: the study group were treated by radical nephrectomy and α-interferon while the control group with radical nephrectomy alone.Results:The T lymphocyte subsets CD3,CD4,CD8,the ratio of CD4/CD8 are significantly different berfore and after treatment in the study group (P＜0.05); the 3 year(90.5%) and 5 year (89.5%) survival rate in patients of the study group are higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions:α-interferon therapy after radical nephrectomy can restore celluar immunity so as to enhance the treatment efficacy.

Objective:To explore the potent effects of denatonium benzoate(DB)on Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-B2(MrgprB2)-mediated rat mast cell degranulation.Methods:RBL-2H3 cells were treated with DB overnight,before challenged with MrgprB2 ligands substance P(SP).The release of β-hex from MrgprB2-activated RBL-2H3 was detected by substrate method.Detec-tion of LTC4,IL-6,TNF-α and cPLA2 activity were performed by ELISA.The Ca2+influx and the expression of RBL-2H3 MrgprB2 re-ceptors were measured by fluorescence assay.Results:The results showed 10 μmol/L,50 μmol/L,80 μmol/L,100 μmol/L DB treat-ments promoted β-hex and LTC4 releases from activated RBL-2H3,accompanied by increased Ca2+mobilization and cPLA2 activa-tion.DB treatments did not affect IL-6 and TNF-α LTC4 releases in MrgprB2-activated RBL-2H3,as well as the levels of MrgprB2 ex-pression in mast cells.Conclusion:Taken together,DB enhanced the MrgprB2-mediated RBL-2H3 degranulation in vitro,probably by up-regulating Ca2+mobilization in activated cells.

The symptoms of pulmonary nodules are insidious,with inflammatory nodules,inflammatory granuloma,early invasive cancer and lung cancer,and the clinical differential diagnosis is still difficult.Regular CT follow-up observation of most pulmonary nodules provides a"window period"for TCM Intervention in pulmonary nodules.From the aspects of external cold attacking the lung,dense cold and humid geographical environment,cold diet,summer air conditioning,etc.,this paper considers that the soaking of cold pathogenic factors is the basic cause of the formation of pulmonary nodules,and cold phlegm are the basic pathogenesis of pulmonary nodules.The clinical manifestations of cold phlegm in pulmonary nodules are summarized from the two actual situations that can be distinguished from clinical symptoms and no symptoms.It is proposed that Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and Sanzi Yangqin decoction are the basic formulas,Discussion on the treatment of pulmonary nodules by warming yang and dispelling cold to cure the root cause,eliminating phlegm and softening hard mass to treat the symptoms;Improve the ability of TCM diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.