The experiments of rabbit mydriasis & isolated cat ciliare muscle paralysis of atropine Methobromide (AMB) have demonstrated that : AMB has much larger mydriasis effect. It effects faster than Atropine Sulfate, Homatropine & Tropinexamide in acetylcholin -induced ciliare muscle contraction. The combined-force of AMB on ciliare muscle is less than Atropine & Homatropine, but a little larger than Tropinexamide. There fore AMB is a rapid & short-time mydriasis agent & ciliare muscle paralysis agent.

Objective To investigate the phosphorylation of tau protein and the effect of atorvastatin on tau protein phosphorylation in hypercholesteremic mouse hippocampus. Methods Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, hypercholesteremia group, and low-dose atorvastatin treatment group (8mg·kg-1·d-1), middle-dose group (15mg·kg-1·d-1),and high-dose group (20mg·kg-1·d-1) with five mice in each group. The hypercholesteremia mouse model was induced by cholesterol-enriched diets. The expression level of tau protein phosphorylation in mouse hippocampus was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods. The activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyelin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk-5) were measured by liquid scintillation counting of the hippocampus incorporated radioactivity and immunoprecipetation activity assay respectively. Results In hypercholesteremic group, the expression level of tau protein phosphorylation in mouse hippocampus was significantly increased(F=14.761,P＜0.01)as compared with control group, and so were MAPK activity and Cdk-5 activity(all P＜0.01). Atorvastatin treatment group showed the decreased expression level of tau protein phosphorylation at ser396/404 site in low-dose group (F=6.349,P＜0.05),middle-dose group (F=10.283,P＜0.01) and high-dose group (F=10.511,P＜0.01) as compared with hypercholesteremia mouse group. The activities of MAPK and Cdk-5 were decreased along with the increasing atorvastatin doses. Conclusions Hypercholesteremia induces tau protein hyperphosphorylation in mouse hippocampus. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism may play an important role in the pathology process of neurodegeneration in brain. Atorvastatin might inhibit tau protein hyperphosphorylation by inhibiting the activations of MAPK and Cdk-5 in brain, atorvastatin may have the protect effect for tau protein.

Objective: To observe effect of Kechuanning on expression of nuclear factor kB(NF-?B) in lung tissue of bronchial asthmatic rats.Methods: 40 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the normal group,the model group,Kechuanning high-dose group(27g/kg),Kechuanning low-dose group(13.5g/kg),GuilongKechuanning control group(0.45g/kg),8 rats in each group.The bronchial asthmatic model was established by egg protein sensibilization and long-term inhalation provocation.The rats of each treatment groups were lavage administration each day from the first time of provocation to execution.After 4 weeks of treatment,the rats were killed and lung tissue were taken to dyeing of HE to be observed.The expression of NF-?B in lung tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry.Result: Compared with the normal group,the thickness of bronchus wall and bronchus smooth muscle,the numbers of eosinophile granulocyte and leukomonocyte,and expression of NF-?B in lung tissue were increased in the model group(P

Objective To explore any effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the cognitive ability of patients suffering from cognitive impairment after cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).Methods Forty-three CVT patients with cognitive impairment were recruited and randomly assigned into an rTMS group (n =23) or a control group (n=20).Both groups received routine drug therapy and cognitive function training,while the rTMS group was additionally given rTMS.The treatment lasted 4 weeks.The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),the modified auditory Barthel Index (MBI) and event-related potential P300 were used to test both groups before and after the treatment.Results After the treatment the average MoCA and MBI scores of both groups had increased significantly,while their average HAMD scores had decreased significantly compared to before the treatment.For both groups,the P300 latency had shortened significantly and the amplitude increased significantly after the treatment.The improvement in all of these indicators was significantly greater in the rTMS group than in the control group.Conclusion Supplementing drug therapy with rTMS can significantly improve the cognitive ability of CVT patients and is worth applying in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the correlation of plasma interleukin ( IL)-17 level and IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) expression in the thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods The blood samples of 63 patients (38 with glucocorticoid treatment, 25 with thymus removal) who admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital between 2010 and 2014 were collected at three different stages: pre-treatment, 1 week post-treatment and 1 month post-treatment.The blood samples of 42 healthy controls were also collected.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the levels of IL-17 in plasma.Twenty-five thymus tissues from MG patients and another 12 thymus tissues from patients with congenital heart disease who had surgery therapy were also collected.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of IL-17R.The possible correlation between the expression of IL-17 and IL-17R with MG was analyzed.Results Before treatment, the levels of IL-17 in the plasma were much higher in all the MG patients ( both ocular and generalized) when compared to the healthy controls ( controls (3.2 ±0.7) pg/ml, MG patients (8.5 ±1.7) pg/ml, t =2.450, P <0.01; generalized type patients (9.7 ±1.4) pg/ml, t =2.532, P <0.01).In the patients with glucocorticoid treatment, IL-17 levels began to reduce after 1 week treatment and a statistically significant difference was found when compared to the pre-treatment samples (pre-treatment (8.3 ±1.2) pg/ml, 1 week after treatment (6.3 ±0.7) pg/ml, t=2.052, P<0.05) and healthy controls (t =1.933, P<0.05).One month after the glucocorticoid treatment, the levels of IL-17 decreased to the normal level (1 month after treatment (3.9 ±0.6) pg/ml, t=2.630, P <0.01, compared to the pre-treatment; t =1.395, P >0.05, compared to the healthy controls).In the surgery therapy cases, the IL-17 levels were also reduced after the thymus removal ( pre-surgery (8.8 ±1.4) pg/ml, 1 week after surgery (5.3 ±0.7) pg/ml, t=1.950, P<0.05;1 month after surgery (3.0 ±0.4) pg/ml, t=2.683, P<0.01).In the thymus tissues of the MG patients, the mRNA levels of IL-17R were much higher than that of the controls ( relative level 2.31 folds, t =2.682, P <0.01).Meanwhile, a positive correlation was found between the plasma IL-17 levels and the relative IL-17R levels in thymus tissues ( r =0.945 4, P <0.01 ).Furthermore, IL-17 was positively correlated with quantitative myasthenia gravis scores (QMGS) either pre-treatment (r =0.798 1, P <0.01) or post-treatment (r=0.906 5, P<0.01).And IL-17R was positively correlated with QMGS pre-treatment (r=0.775 5, P<0.01).Conclusions IL-17 is increased in the plasma of MG patients (both ocular and generalized) , and is decreased upon the glucocorticoid treatment or surgery therapy, suggesting that it can be used as a parameter to determine the therapeutic effects.IL-17R is increased in the thymus tissues of MG patients, suggesting that it can potentially be used as a pathological diagnosis parameter.

Objective To study the effect of litchi saponin and flavones on glycometabolism in insulin resistance model of HepG2 cells .Methods Using high insulin in HepG2 cells to establish a cell model of insulin resistance .Cell model was treated by litchi saponin ,litchi flavones and rosiglitazone ,respectively .Glucose concentration of cell culture supernatant was detected by glucose oxidase method .Results In the concentration of 10-6 mol/L insulin for 24 hours ,HepG2 reached the highest level of resistant to insulin ,which means a successful insulin resistance cell model was established .However ,no significant decrease in glucose concentration of cell culture supernatant was observed with litchi saponin and flavones .Conclusion This study sug-gests that litchi saponin and flavones have no effect to improve insulin resistance .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in patients with cerebral infarction.

METHODSConsecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction who had cerebral microbleeds shown by susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) were enrolled to undergo polysomnography (PSG). The patients were divided into two groups, namely non-OSAHS group with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) less than 5 and OSAHS group with greater AHI, and the clinical and radiological features of cerebral microbleeds were compared between them.

RESULTSForty-nine patients were enrolled in this study, including 27 (55.1%) with both cerebral infarction and OSAHS and 22 (44.9%) with cerebral infarction but not OSAHS. A comparison of the risk factors showed that hypertension, a smoking history, and a history of stroke were more prevalent in patients with OSAHS than in those without OSAHS (P<0.05). The incidences of subclinical stroke in OSAHS and non-OSAHS patients were 37.0% (10/27) and 9.0% (2/22) (P<0.05), respectively. Neurological imaging revealed a greater number of cerebral microbleeds in OSAHS group than in non-OSAHS group (P<0.05). In OSAHS patients, 77.8% of the microbleeds were distributed in cortical-subcortical areas, 55.6% in the basal ganglia area, and 25.9% in the infratentorial area, as compared to the percentages of 50.0%, 40.9% and 50.0% in non-OSAHS patients, respectively (P<0.05). In OSAHS patients, 40.7% also had leukoaraiosis, and 48.1% had two or more causes, as compared to the percentages of 13.6% and 18.2% in non-OSAHS patients, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOSAHS can be a risk factor for cerebral microbleeds. Patients with both cerebral infarction and OSAHS tend to have greater and more extensive lesions of cerebral microbleeds, more complicated cause of the disease, and a grater likeliness of stroke recurrence.

Aged ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; etiology ; pathology ; Cerebral Infarction ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin combined with oral glucocorticoid in the treatment of myasthenia gravis in elderly patients.Methods A total of 235 elderly patients diagnosed as myasthenia gravis in our hospital were enrolled in our study from January 2012 to December 2016,and randomly divided into observation group (intravenous immunoglobulin combined with oral glucocorticoid n =118) and control group (oral glucocorticoid only,n =117).The clinical curative effect,immune function index,QMG scale,symptom remission time,length of hospitalization,and adverse reactions in both groups were recorded and analyzed after two-week treatment.Results The total effective rate was significantly higher in observation group (106/117,90.6％) than in control group (84/118,71.2％) (x2=5.621,P=0.000).The levels of serum IgG1,IgG3,and complement C3 were significantly higher in observation group than in control group (P ＜0.05).The QMG scale,symptom remission time,and length of hospitalization were lower in observation group [(9.2 ± 4.0) score,(6.2 ± 1.6) d,(14.4 ± 3.3) d]than in the control group [(13.4 ± 6.1) score,(11.6 ± 2.4) d,(25.1 ± 4.8) d] (t =6.158,19.797,and 20.078,P=0.000,0.002 and 0.009).No serious adverse reaction was observed in both groups.Conclusions The combined therapies of intravenous immunoglobulin and oral glucocorticoid for myasthenia gravis in the elderly have remarkable effectiveness.It is close to an ideal treatment because it effectively inhibits a disease progression in time,regulates an immune function,and shortens a hospitalization time.

This article summarizes the research content of sodium bicarbonate solution in oral care in recent years from the aspects of the effect, application methods and the deficiencies of existing research. This article aims at discussing related issues on sodium bicarbonate solution applied in oral care so as to provide a reference for practice and research of sodium bicarbonate in oral care.

Objective:To explore the relevant risk factors for readmission of patients with chronic heart failure by Meta-analysis.Methods:We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , Wanfang Data and VIP Database by computer, and the search time limit was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2019. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 19 articles were included, including 185 545 patients and 34 related risk factors.Statistically significant risk factors included depression [ OR=3.87, 95% CI (2.87-5.23) , P<0.01], living alone [ OR=1.12, 95% CI (1.01-1.24) , P=0.03], combined with hyperlipidemia and diabetes [ OR=1.16, 95% CI (1.14-1.19) , P<0.01], high-salt diet [ OR=3.36, 95% CI (2.60-4.35) , P<0.01], decreased renal function [ OR=2.00, 95% CI (1.95-2.04) , P<0.01], heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [ OR=2.71, 95% CI (1.93-3.73) , P<0.01], anemia [ OR=1.43, 95% CI (1.27-1.60) , P<0.01]and infection [ OR=1.12, 95% CI (1.00-1.25) , P=0.04]. Conclusions:Depression, living alone, combined with hyperlipidemia and diabetes, high-salt diet, decreased renal function, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, anemia and infection are related risk factors for readmission in patients with chronic heart failure.