By combing and summarizing the interpretation of"spleen-kidney-muscle-bone"related theories in tra-ditional Chinese medicine classics and combining with clinical practice,this paper innovatively puts forward the pathogenesis and treatment ideas of congenital flat foot in traditional Chinese medicine,in order to provide theoretical basis and beneficial reference for the holistic treatment of flat foot in traditional Chinese medicine.

{L-End}Objective To establish the norm of Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) for electronic manufacturing industry workers in China. {L-End}Methods A total of 3 049 workers from five electronic manufacturing enterprises in four prefecture-level cities concentrated distribution of the electronics manufacturing industry in China were selected as research subjects using a stratified sampling method. COSS was used to investigate occupational stress levels, and the mean norm, percentile norm and threshold norms were established. {L-End}Results The average score of COSS for the electronic manufacturing industry workers in China was (43.5±7.4) points, and the average scores of social support, organization and reward, demand and effort, and autonomy dimensions were (9.5±3.1), (15.1±3.9), (13.1±3.0), and (5.7±2.0) points, respectively. A total score of 0.0-<47.0 points was determined as no occupational stress, 47.0-<51.0 points as mild occupational stress, 51.0-≤54.0 points as moderate occupational stress, and >54.0 points as severe occupational stress. {L-End}Conclusion The norm of COSS for workers in China's electronics manufacturing industry has been established, which can provide a reference for the evaluation and intervention of their occupational stress levels.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of subacute systemic inhalation exposure of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) on learning and memory in NIH mice. METHODS: Forty-five specific pathogen free healthy 7-week-old NIH mice were randomly divided into control,low-dose and high-dose groups with 5 female mice and 10 male mice in each group. The mice were exposed to 1,2-DCE at dosages of 0. 00,100. 00 and 350. 00 mg/m3 for 6 hours per day for consecutive 28 days by dynamic systemic inhalation. The neurobehavioral tests of mice were performed before and after the first to fourth weeks of exposure using the Morris water maze test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in body weight and swimming speed among the three groups of mice( P > 0. 05). The navigation experiment results showed that the escape latency of mice in both low-and high-dose groups were longer than that of the control group at the same time point(P < 0. 05) during 1-4 weeks after exposure. In the control group,the escape latency was shorter than that of the same group before exposure( P < 0. 05). The escape latency of high-dose group prolonged with the increase of exposure time,and in the 4 th week the escape latency was significantly higher than that of the same group before exposure( P < 0. 05).The experiment results of space exploration indicated that the first time of crossing platform in low-and high-dose groups were longer than that of the control group at the second to the fourth week( P < 0. 05). The target quadrant retention time and the number of crossing the platform in the low-and high-dose groups were lower than those in the control group( P <0. 05). CONCLUSION: Subacute inhalation exposure of 1,2-DCE can impair the learning and memory ability of NIH mice.The high-dose exposure may reduce learning ability in mice in a time-effect manner.

【Objective】 To investigate and analyze the polymorphism of RHD gene in RhD-negative population in Jiayuguan using molecular biological technique, so as to accurately identify RhD-negative individuals, and formulate individualized transfusion strategies. 【Methods】 The RhD negative voluntary blood donors and patients (mainly pregnant women) were recruited. After informed consent, history of blood transfusion and pregnancy of them were investigated, and samples were collected for negative D confirmation, gene sequencing as well as antibody screening and identification. 【Results】 Among the 96 samples, 73 cases were RHD gene deletion, 18 RHD^*01EL.01(17 RHD1227A homozygous type and 1 RHD1227A heterozygous type), 2 weak RHD^*15 type (845G/A), 1 partial D type, i. e. RHD-CE(7) -D heterozygous allele, and 2 RHD^*01N.16 variant. Antibody was detected out in 4 cases, among which 2 were positive for anti-D, 1 anti-D plus anti-E, and 1 anti-Di^a. 【Conclusion】 The proportion of DEL gene in RhD negative Chinese Han population in Jiayuguan is slightly lower than that in general Chinese Han population. No anti-D or RHD-HDN was observed in DEL type women due to multiple pregnancy or delivery of D positive newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of paclobutrazol in SD rats. METHODS: Specific pathogen free SD rats at the age of weaning were randomly divided into control group and low-,medium-,and high-dose groups according the body weight,with 120 rats in each group,half male and half female. The study of combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity test in rats was carried out in 2 years by feeding the rats with paclobutrazol. The doses in the 4 groups were 0. 0,11. 7,48. 5 and 193. 9 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) for female rats and 0. 0,13. 5,54. 2 and 241. 9 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) for male rats. The body weight of rats was weighted during the experiment. The blood routine,blood biochemistry,organ coefficient and histopathology examinations were performed at the end of paclobutrazol exposure. The mortality and tumor incidence in rats were calculated. RESULTS: The decrease of body weights in female and male rats in dose groups was observed at 1-2 weeks after the experiment,compared with the same sex control group at the same time point( P < 0. 05).At the end of the exposure,the body weights of female and male rats in all three dose groups were lower than that in the same sex rats of control group( P < 0. 05). The mortality rates of female and male rats in the four groups were not significantly different( P > 0. 05). The brain organ coefficients of female rats in the three dose groups were higher than those female rats in the control group( P < 0. 05). The organ coefficients of liver,kidney and ovary of female rats in highdose group were higher than that of female rats in control group( P < 0. 05). The level of total bilirubin in male rats in the three dose groups was lower than that in control group( P < 0. 05). The organ coefficients of brain and lung in male rats in the medium-and high-dose groups were higher than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). The liver organ coefficient in male rats in the high-dose group was higher than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). A total of 244 rats had 402 spontaneous tumors with a tumor incidence rate of 50. 8%(244/480). The incidence of tumor in control,low-,mediumand high-dose groups were 61. 7%( 74/120), 42. 5%( 51/120), 50. 0%( 60/120) and 49. 2%( 59/120)respectively. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of tumors in three dose groups compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Under the dose conditions designed in this study,the lowest observed adverse effect level of paclobutrazol were 11. 7 and 13. 5 mg · kg~(-1)· d~(-1) in females and males respectively. Paclobutrazol was not found carcinogenic to SD rats.

OBJECTIVE: To predict the sensitizing potency and optimal sensitization dose of trichloroethylene( TCE) by an in vitro skin sensitization test on a human acute monocytosis cell line( THP-1).METHODS: THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene( DNCB),sodium dodecyl sulfate( SDS),tert-butylhydroquinone( tBHQ)and TCE for 24 hours.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of cell surface marker such as cluster of differentiation( CD) 86 and CD54,and the optimal dose range for sensitization detection was determined.With the relative fluorescence intensity( RFI),CD86 ≥ 150 and CD54 ≥ 200 as the standard,the sensitizing potency and optimal sensitization dose of TCE were predicted.RESULTS: The concentration range of reagents for sensitization test on THP-1 cells was the dose range at which the relative cell survival rate reached 75.0%-100.0%.DNCB at the doses of 20.83,25.00 and 30.00 μmol/L,tBHQ at the dose of 5.80 μmol/L,TCE at the doses of 8.33,10.00 and 12.00 mmol/L,can cause sensitivity.SDS was recognized as a negative sensitizer.The expression of CD86 and CD54 was the highest when the concentration of TCE was 8.33 mmol/L,which was considered as the best sensitization dose.CONCLUSION: The optimum sensitization dose of TCE is 8.33 mmol/L,which can provide the basis for dose design in future study of TCE sensitization pathways.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) subacute exposure on depression in rats as well as the relevant mechanism of monoamine neurotransmitters. METHODS: The specific pathogen free male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in these 4 groups were intra-gastrically administered with 1,2-DCE(diluted in corn oil) at the dose of 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg body weight, every other day for 14 times. After exposure, the behavior change of rats was observed by open-field test, sucrose preference test and forced swim test. The levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), noradrenaline(NA) and dopamine(DA) in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection method. RESULTS: The number of rearing, time and distance of central area, sucrose preference index of mice in medium and high dose groups were decreased(P<0.05), while immobility time of forced swim test was increased(P<0.05) when compared with the mice in control group. The levels of 5-HT, NA and DA in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum decreased with the increase of 1,2-DCE exposure(P<0.05), showing a dose-effect relationship. The levels of 5-HT, NA and DA in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum in the high-dose group were lower than that of control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The subacute exposure of 1,2-DCE can induce depression-like behavior in rats. The mechanism might be related to the reduction of monoamine neurotransmitters in striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different anesthetics and blood sampling methods on blood routine test results in experimental animals. METHODS: A total of 42 specific pathogen free( SPF) male Sprague Dawley( SD) rats and 59 SPF male Kunming( KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups( control group,ether group,chloral hydrate group and pentobarbital sodium group). Ether group animals were treated with ether inhalation anesthesia; animals in chloral hydrate group and pentobarbital sodium group were injected intraperitoneally with chloral hydrate or pentobarbital sodium. The control group received no anesthesia treatment. Blood samples were collected by different ways: orbital venous plexus,abdominal aorta or eyeball enucleation. White blood cell( WBC) count,red blood cell( RBC) count,platelet(PLT) count,hemoglobin(Hb) level and hematocrit(HCT) in blood samples were analyzed. RESULTS: The RBC count,Hb level and HCT of SD rats in pentobarbital sodium group were significantly lower than those in control group( P <0. 05). The HCT of SD rats in ether group was lower than that in control group( P < 0. 05). The WBC count of orbital venous plexus of KM mice was lower than that taken by eyeball enucleation in control group( P < 0. 05),but the WBC count of orbital venous plexus was higher than that taken by eyeball enucleation in chloral hydrate group( P < 0. 05). The RBC count,Hb level,HCT of KM mice in pentobarbital sodium group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The anesthetic can affect the blood routine test results of experimental animals. Different blood sampling methods have effects on blood routine test results of KM mice.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) acute inhalation exposure on the differential gene expression of phase Ⅰ metabolic enzymes. METHODS: The specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group(16 rats), low-and high-dose groups(24 rats in each group, half males and half females). Low-and high-dose group were given daily 600, 1 800 mg/m~(3 ) of 1,2-DCE, and the control group given the fresh air by dynamic inhalation for 8 hours per day for consecutive 7 days. After the end of exposure, the relative mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 2 E1(CYP2 E1), alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 alpha 1(ALDH3α1) in the liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The relative expression of CYP2 E1 in male high-dose group was higher than that in male low-dose group and female high-dose group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ADH1 in male low-and high-dose groups was higher than that in male control group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ADH1 in male high-dose group was higher than that in male low-dose group and female high-dose group(P<0.05). The relative expression of ALDH3α1 in high-dose group was higher than that in control group and low-dose group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High dose 1,2-DCE could increase the gene expression of phase Ⅰ metabolic enzymes in rat liver. The 1,2-DCE has more obvious effect in male rats than in female rats.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the non-neoplastic hepatic lesions in SD rats at different ages. METHODS: The specificpathogen free SD rats were collected from the blank control groups used in subacute toxicity tests,subchronic toxicity tests and chronic toxicity combined with carcinogenic tests for safety evaluation. At the end of each experiment,i. e. week 10,19,56 and 108(assigned into four groups: 10,19,56 and 108 weeks,each contained 100 rats with each sex),rats were executed. The liver organ coefficient was calculated,the pathological examination was performed,and the non-tumorous lesions in the liver were analyzed. RESULTS: The liver organ coefficients at the age of 19,56,108 weeks were lower than that of 10 weeks(P < 0. 05); those at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were lower than that of 19 weeks(P < 0. 05),and that of 108 weeks was greater than of 56 weeks(P < 0. 05). Among the 10-week-old,19-week-old,56-week-old and 108-week-old groups,the types of non-neoplastic hepatic lesions detected in the female rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively,meanwhile those in the male rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively. Both male and female rats,the incidences of hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly increased with the increase of age in each group(P < 0. 05). The incidences of intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and intrahepatic bile duct fibrosis in rats at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were higher than those at the age of 10 and 19 weeks(P < 0. 008).Moreover,the frequency of hepatic sinus expansion lesions in rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than those of 19 weeks(P < 0. 008). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous non-neoplastic lesions in the liver of SD rats were common,primarily demonstrated as hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The incidences of lesions increased with the increase of age.