Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined biofeedback and brief emotion regulation (C-BABER) program for sexually abused adolescents. Methods: This study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants included 26 sexually abused adolescents from eight Sunflower Centers of South Korea–with 13 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. The experimental group received four sessions of the individual C-BABER program, each lasting 60 minutes. Results: Compared with the control group, sexually abused adolescents in the experimental group exhibited significant score differences in traumatic symptoms, including depression (Z = - 2.24, p = .025), dissociation (Z = - 2.21, p = .027), anxiety (Z = - 2.02, p = .044), and posttraumatic stress (Z = - 2.01 p = .045); and impulsivity, including positive urgency (Z = - 3.35, p = .001) and negative urgency (Z = - 2.28, v = .023). Additionally, the experimental group exhibited significant score differences in meta-mood, including emotional attention (Z = - 2.45, p = .014), emotional clarity (Z = - 2.30, p = .021), and emotional repair (Z = - 2.28, p = .022); and emotional regulation modes, including emotional suppression (Z = - 2.65,p = .008) and cognitive reappraisal (Z = - 1.98, p = .047). Regarding bio-attention, significant changes were identified in the experimental group for the bio-attention rate and attention maintenance time in the posttest compared to the pretest (p = .001). Conclusion The C-BABER program for sexually abused adolescents is effective in decreasing traumatic symptoms and impulsivity, and in improving meta-mood, emotional regulation mode, and bio-attention. Therefore, we recommend providing sexually abused adolescents the C-BABER program to help them regulate their emotions and effectively adapt to their lives.

A 55-year-old female experienced acute left shoulder pain without specific trauma. Radiography showed calcific deposits in the inferior part of the glenoid fossa. Magnetic resonance arthrography showed calcific deposits in the origin of the long head of triceps brachii muscle. Conservative treatment failed to resolve the symptoms; therefore, arthroscopic surgery was performed. The patient experienced immediate and dramatic pain relief, and normal shoulder motion was demonstrated 1 year after surgery. In conclusion, although rare, calcific tendinitis of the triceps brachii muscle, which causes shoulder pain, should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute shoulder pain. Arthroscopic surgery is a treatment option for chronic cases and those resistant to conservative treatment.
Arthrography ; Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Head* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder Pain ; Tendinopathy*

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of advance care planning on end-of-life decision-making. Methods: Databases including RISS, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and CINAHL were searched for studies that examined the effects of advance care planning interventions. The inclusion criteria were original studies in English or Korean; adults ≥18 years of age (population); advance care planning (intervention); completion of advance directives (AD) or advance care planning (ACP) (outcomes); and randomized or non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs and non-RCTs, respectively) (design). Study quality was measured using the checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta-analyses were conducted with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. Results: Nine RCTs and nine non-RCTs were selected for the final analysis. The effect sizes (ES) of the outcome variables in nine RCTs were meta-analyzed, and found to range from 0.142 to 0.496 for the completion of AD and ACP (ES=0.496, 95% CI: 0.157~0.836), discussion of end-of-life care (ES=0.429, 95% CI: -0.027~0.885), quality of communication (ES=0.413, 95% CI: 0.008~0.818), decisional conflict (ES=0.349, 95% CI: -0.059~0.758), and congruence between preferences for care and delivered care (ES=0.142, 95% CI: -0.267~0.552). Conclusion ACP interventions had a positive effect on the completion of AD and ACP. To apply AD or ACP in Korea, it is necessary to develop ACP interventions that reflect aspects of Korean culture.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between health literacy competencies and patient-centered care among clinical nurses. Methods: The participants of this study were 254 nurses working in two hospitals in the D region. The data were collected from July to August 2020. The health literacy competencies for registered nurses scale and individualized care scale were utilized. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The mean of health literacy competencies was 3.16±0.31 points on a four-point scale, and the average of patient-centered care was 3.69±0.50 points on a five-point scale. Regarding the nurses’ general characteristics, patient-centered care showed significant differences according to age (F=4.68, p=.010), marital status (t=-2.38, p=.018), religion (F=3.03, p=.030), total clinical experience (F=2.94, p=.021) and prior health literacy knowledge (t=3.20, p=.002). As a result of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, health literacy competencies (β=.63) were found to significantly influence patient-centered care. The explanatory power of the model was 41.0% (F=25.58, p<.001). Conclusion The study suggests that nurse’s health literacy competencies should be developed in order to improve patient-centered care. Nursing education should include an emphasis on integrating health literacy into the nursing school curriculum.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between health literacy competencies and patient-centered care among clinical nurses. Methods: The participants of this study were 254 nurses working in two hospitals in the D region. The data were collected from July to August 2020. The health literacy competencies for registered nurses scale and individualized care scale were utilized. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The mean of health literacy competencies was 3.16±0.31 points on a four-point scale, and the average of patient-centered care was 3.69±0.50 points on a five-point scale. Regarding the nurses’ general characteristics, patient-centered care showed significant differences according to age (F=4.68, p=.010), marital status (t=-2.38, p=.018), religion (F=3.03, p=.030), total clinical experience (F=2.94, p=.021) and prior health literacy knowledge (t=3.20, p=.002). As a result of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, health literacy competencies (β=.63) were found to significantly influence patient-centered care. The explanatory power of the model was 41.0% (F=25.58, p<.001). Conclusion The study suggests that nurse’s health literacy competencies should be developed in order to improve patient-centered care. Nursing education should include an emphasis on integrating health literacy into the nursing school curriculum.

Background: People with special needs tend to require diverse behavioral management in dentistry. They may feel anxious or uncomfortable or may not respond to any communication with the dentists. Patients with medical, physical, or psychological disorders may not cooperate and therefore require sedation (SED) or general anesthesia (GA) to receive dental treatment. Using the healthcare big data in Korea, this study aimed to analyze the trends of SED and GA in special needs patients undergoing dental treatment. It is believed that these data can be used as reference material for hospitals and for preparation of guidelines and related policy decisions of associations or governments for special needs patients in dentistry. Methods: The study used selected health information data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Patients with a record of use of one of the eight selected drugs used in dental SED between January 2007 and September 2019, those with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), phobia, brain disease, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, genetic disease, autism, mental disorder, mental retardation, and dementia were selected. The insurance claims data were analyzed for age, sex, sedative use, GA, year, and institution. Results: The number of special needs patients who received dental treatment under SED or GA from January 2007 to September 2019 was 116,623. Number of SED cases was 136,018, performed on 69,265 patients, and the number of GA cases was 56,308, implemented on 47,257 patients. In 2007, 3100 special needs patients received dental treatment under SED while in 2018 the number of cases increased 6 times to 18,528 SED cases. In dentistry, ADHD was the most common disability for SED cases while phobia was the most common cause of disability for GA. The male-to-female ratio with respect to SED cases was higher for males (M : F = 64.36% : 35.64%). Conclusion The application of the SED method and GA for patients with special needs in dentistry is increasing rapidly; thus, preparing guidelines and reinforcing the education and system are necessary.

BACKGROUND: As anti-retroviral therapy has improved and the life expectancy of patients' with HIV in Korea has increased, an increased number of surgical procedures have been performed in this population. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the trend in surgery conducted on patients with HIV in our hospital over the last 5 years. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of HIV-infected patients who underwent surgery under general or local anesthesia at our hospital between 2005 and 2010. RESULTS: The total number of surgeries performed in HIV-infected patients in the 5-year period was 95. Of these, 23 (24%) were performed under general anesthesia and 72 (76%) under spinal anesthesia. Anorectal surgery was the most commonly performed surgery (71 cases, 76%). The postoperative complication rate was 5.3% (3 cases of pneumonia and 2 of wound infection), with general anesthesia and time to discharge being identified as contributory factors. Preoperative CD4+ T cell count was not significantly associated with complications. CONCLUSION: This study was the first to analyze the trends in surgical procedures performed in HIV-infected patients in Korea. Our study may be beneficial as a reference for clinicians who manage patients with HIV.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Cell Count ; HIV ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Expectancy ; Medical Records ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: A medulloblastoma is a primitive neuroepithelial tumor of the cerebellum that occurs in children and metastasizes through the cerebrospinal fluid. It is highly malignant and invasive, and the 5-year survival rate is only 60%. Surgical resection techniques, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved the overall survival but the patients suffer life-long cognitive dysfunctions or endocrine abnormalities as the side effects of treatment. Therefore it is essential to identify prognostic markers to determine the appropriate treatment strategy in order to minimize the side effects. METHODS: This study evaluated the immunohistochemical differentiation and survival rate with synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin and primitive neuroepithelial marker nestin of 55 paraffin-embedded medulloblastomas, using a tissue microarray. The expression of survivin, the apoptotic inhibitor, and the survival rate with regard to the proliferation index of Ki-67 were also investigated. RESULTS: The group testing positive to vimentin, a mesenchymal differentiation marker, had a worse prognosis and there was a strong correlation between vimentin expression and nestin expression. Patients with a survivin expression rate >35% had a significantly poorer clinical course and there was a correlation between the survivin expression rate and Ki-67 expression rate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, vimentin and survivin are negative prognostic markers in medulloblastomas.
Cerebellum ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma* ; Mucin-1 ; Nestin ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Synaptophysin ; Vimentin*

Previous exposure to antimicrobials is a major risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotic prescription and C. difficile toxin assay records of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Korea from 2009 to 2013 were collected to investigate the association between antibiotic consumption and CDI incidence. A Spearman's correlation analysis between CDI incidence (positive result of toxin assay/10,000 admissions) and antibiotic consumption (defined daily dose/1,000 patient-days) was performed on a monthly basis. Using the matched month approach, we found a significant correlation between CDI rate and moxifloxacin consumption (Spearman's r = 0.351, P < 0.001). Furthermore, using the onemonth delay approach, we found that the consumption of clindamycin (Spearman's r = 0.272, P = 0.037) and moxifloxacin (Spearman's r = 0.297, P = 0.022) was significantly correlated with CDI incidence. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins did not have any effect on CDI incidence.

A growing number of studies related to human remains in Korea highlight the need for developing professional ethics codes and laws that govern disposition and treatment of human remains. In order to provide models for developing ethics codes and regulations relevant to the field of biological anthropology in Korea, the current paper presents a review of ethics codes in the United States related to the procurement, curation, and study of human remains. In the first half of the paper, we provide a full treatment of ethics codes of major professional organizations, including code definition, development, and revision. The latter half of the paper is dedicated to discussions of ethical issues surrounding a United States federal law, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), and a high-profile case of the Kennewick man, the Ancient One. These two examples will demonstrate the difficulty in anticipating ethical issues and unintended misconduct in the course of research. NAGPRA and the Kennewick Man further emphasize three simple yet important take-home points for biological anthropologists and other professionals working with human remains: 1) to be reflective about potential ethical issues related to their research, 2) to be collaborative and encourage involvement of descendant communities at all stages of research, and 3) to be respectful of different worldviews of death between (sub)cultures. Finally, we close our discussion with possible sources of ethical conflicts in Korea to help prepare biological anthropologists as more excavations of human remains take place in Korea.
Anthropology ; Codes of Ethics* ; Ethics ; Humans ; Indians, North American* ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Social Control, Formal ; Societies ; United States*