Objective: To determine oleanolic acid in Fructus Mume. Methods: HPLC with Shim-pack CLC-ODS column was used. The mobile phase was composed of MeOH-H 2O-HOAc-TEA (85∶15∶0.04∶0.02). The flow rate was 0.8mL?min -1 and the detection wavelength was at 204nm. Results: It showed that a good linear relationship existed in the range of 0.8864～4.432?g of oleanolic acid. Its average recovery was 97.03%. RSD was 0.25% (n=5), respectively. Conclusion: This method is quick, accurate and can be used for the determination of oleanolic acid of Fructus Mume.

Objective: To observe cardiorespiratory effects of biphasic positive airway pressure(BIPAP)ventilation in healthy canines. Method: Eleven healthy mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and supported with BIPAP or intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in supine position with spontaneous breathing. The cardiorespiratory parameters during BIPAP were compared with those in IPPV. Result: (1)With equal value of VE, Ppeak, MPaw, Q_S/Q_T, VO_2, VO_2/DO_2 in BIPAP were significantly lower than those in IPPV (P

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy through a transumbilical single incision.Methods The clinical data of 51 patients with gallbladdder calculi or polyps who underwent transumbilical single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrospectively analyzed,and compared with the clinical efficiency of 38 patients with gallbladdder calculi or polyps who underwent conventional laparoscope cholecystectomy.Results In the observation group and control group,it showed significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) in the length of hospital stay of (3.0 ± 1.2) d vs (5.7 ± 1.6) d,and the VAS score of (1.2 ± 1.0) vs (2.5 ± 1.2),the abdominal wound satisfaction of 96.08％ vs 22.68％,there was no difference in the operation time,the peri-operative bleeding and the complications situation (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Transumbilical single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive,safe and effective procedure for benign diseases of the gallbladdder with excellent cosmetic results,and deserves to generalize in clinic.

Objective To describe the technique, efficacy, and safety of percutaneous interventional therapy for anastomotic biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods From May 2004 to December 2009, 25 patients with anastomotic biliary strictures afte OLT were enrolled in our study. The modalities of biliary drainage included external drainage in 22patients, and external-internal drainage in 3 patients who underwent re-transplantation. All patients accepted percutaneous interventional therapy in our hospital, including single PTBD in 4 patients,PTBD combined with balloon dilation in 14 patients, balloon dilation and plastic stent implantation in 5 patients, balloon dilation and metallic stent implantation in 2 patients. The drainage catheters were exchanged every 1 to 3 months. Results The success rate of PTBD was 100%. Of the all 25patients, 15 (60 %) patients were cured, and 10 (40 %) patients were improved. The effective rate was 100 %. The drainage catheters failed to pass through the narrow bile duct when initial PTBD in 7 patients, and success was achieved in 3 patients by operation again after biliary drainage for one week.In the other 4 patients, anastomotic bile ducts were occluded, which was confirmed by cholangiography after biliary drainage for 4 to 8 weeks. The rate of biliary tract infection was 24 % (6/25). No serious procedure-related complications occurred in the all 25 patients. Conclusion PTBD combined with balloon dilation and biliary stenting is a effective and safe therapeutic modality for anastomotic biliary strictures after OLT, which can improve the patients' clinical symptoms and elevate patients' quality of life. To avoid bile duct occlusion, the drainage catheters should be passed through the narrow segments of bile duct when initial PTBD.

Objective To evaluate combination multiple interventional therapies for acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Methods From January 2008 to October 2014,96 patients with acute unilateral proximal or mixed DVT received interventional treatments including 74 DVT cases of the left lower extremity,and 22 patients in the right.Procedures undertaken included catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) only (n =7),CDT combined with thrombolysis (n =89),balloon angioplasty (n =32),and stent implantation (n =6).Results The mean circumference difference between the normal and affected thighs dicreased from (6.7 ± 1.8) cm to (0.8 ± 0.3) cm,t =13.48,P ＜ 0.001.That between the normal and affected calves decreased from (5.9 ± 1.6)cm to (0.7 ±0.4)cm,t =12.84,P ＜0.001.After intervention the Porter's score reduced from (9.7 ± 2.4) points to (1.1 ± 0.6) points,t =15.46,P ＜0.001,and the venous patency rate was (90 ± 8)％.Conclusion CDT combined with thrombolysis through dorsal vein,PTA,and stent implantation is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for acute lower extremity DVT.

Objective To investigate the technique,efficacy,and safety of percutaneous interventional treatments for biliary complications (BC) after liver transplantation (LT).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 127 patients with BC after LT,who received percutaneous interventional treatments in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2006 to December 2015,were analyzed retrospectively.On the basis of the cholangiographic appearance,patients were classified into 5 groups:biliary leakage group (n =11),anastomotic biliary strictures group (n=28),hilar biliary strictures group (n =30),multifocal biliary strictures group (n =51),and bilomas group (n =7).The modality of interventional treatments was percutanous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD),PTBD combined with balloon dilation,PTBD combined with balloon dilation and stent implantation.The methods of biliary drainage included external drainage and external-internal drainage.All the patients were followed up after treatment.The curative effect and operation-correlated complications were observed.Results The first successful rate of PTBD was 97.6％ (124/ 127).The total curative rate,improvement rate and inefficacy rate of interventional treatments were 37.8％ (48/127),44.9％ (57/127) and 17.3％ (22/127) respectively.In biliary leakage group,all the patients were cured by percutaneous interventional treatments with the curative rate being 100％.In anastomotic biliary strictures group,the cure and improvement rates were 64.3％ (18/28) and 35.7％ (10/28) respectively.The efficacy rate was 100％ (28/28).In hilar biliary strictures group,the cure,improvement and inefficacy rates were 40％ (12/30),53.3％ (16/30) and 6.7％ (2/30) respectively.The efficacy rate was 93.3％ (28/30).In multifocal biliary strictures group,the cure,improvement and inefficacy rates were 13.7％ (7/51),54.9％ (28/51) and 31.4％ (16/51) respectively.The efficacy rate was 68.6％ (35/51).In bilomas group,3 cases (3/7) obtained improvement and treatment of 4 cases was inefficative.The efficacy was the best for the patients with bilary leakage,and it was the worst for the patient with bilomas (P＜0.001).The main operation-correlated complication was bile tract infection during drainage.The rates of bile tract infection were 32.4％ (34/105) and 81.8％ (18/22) in patients with external drainage and external-internal drainage,respectively.There was statistically significant difference between these two items (P＜ 0.001).Conclusion PTBD combined with balloon dilation and biliary stent implantation is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for BC after LT,which can improve patients' clinical symptoms,improve patients' quality of life.The patients with bilomas should be treated by retransplantation as soon as possible.The biliary external drainage can decrease the rate of biliary tract infection significantly.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of limited stage primary esophageal small cell carcinoma (PESC).MethodsClinical data was retrospectively analyzed for 42 patients with pathologically confirmed PESCs who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy from Nov.1990 to Dec.2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College.The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe clinical symptoms,imaging and endoscopic features of PESC were similar to those of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Of the 26 cases that received pre-operative endoscopic biopsy,only five cases were diagnosed as PESC,while the other 21 cases were misdiagnosed as ESCC.The mean follow-up time of this series was 25.3 months (0-123 months).34 patients died of the disease during the follow-up;7 were still alive and 1 was lost.The median survival time (MST) of the 41 patients was 13.0 months (95 ％ confidence interval 6.3-19.7),and the 6-,12-,24-,36-,and 60-month overall survival rates (OS) were 78.6 ％,57.5 ％,30.8 ％,23.7 ％,10.5 ％,respectively.ConclusionPESC is a rare disease with poor prognosis,and is prone to be misdiagnosed by endoscopic biopsy.Currently no standard treatment has been established.

Objective To study the influence of multidrug resistance gene (MDR)1 C3435T genetic polymorphism on the eradication of gastric ulcer with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.Methods A total of 106 gastric ulcer patients with positive Hp were randomly divided into two groups by lot with 53 cases each.One group was assigned with 20 mg esomeprazole,0.5 g clarithromycin,1.0 g amoxicillin twice one day(EAC group),and the other group was assigned with 20 mg omerprazole,0.5 g clarithromycin,1.0 g amoxicillin twice one day (OAC group).The therapy of two groups was one week.Hp was detected at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment.MDR1 C3435T genetic polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.The influence of MDR1 C3435T genetic polymorphism on the eradication of Hp was recorded and analyzed.Results The Hp eradication rate was 84.9％ (45/53) and 77.4％ (41/53) in EAC group and OAC group,and there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the Hp eradication rate in patients with different MDR1 C3435T genotypes in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The Hp eradication rate was 66.7％(16/24),86.3％(44/51),83.9％(26/31) in TT,CT,CC genotype,and there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).The Hp eradication rate in patients with TT genotype was lower than that in patients with CT,CC genotype,and there was significant difference (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is significant relationship between the effect of gastric ulcer with Hp eradication and MDR1 C3435T genetic polymorphism,and the Hp eradication rates of patients with TT genotype are more lower.

objective:To evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value of grey scale and power Doppler ultrasound assessment of bone erosionin disease activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Ra).
Methods:Fifty-six patients with early Ra underwent blinded sequential clinical, laboratory and ultrasound assessments, and at the same time 20 of these patients underwent X-ray and enhanced MRi. For each patient, 28-joint disease activity score (DaS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (eSR), C reactive protein (CRP) and health assessment questionnaire (haQ) were recorded. The presence of bone erosion and synovitis was investigated in 28 joints by gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasonography. The ultrasound joint count and index for active synovitis with power Doppler signal were calculated.
Results:The number of bone erosions detected by ultrasonography was 5.7 times that of X-ray, while both MRi and ultrasonography were consistent (91.5%). The number of synovitis detected by ultrasonography was 1.6 times as much as by physical examination, and consistent MRi (95.7%). PDUS parameters demonstrated a highly significant correlation with DaS28, eSR and CRP, while a negative correlation with haQ.
Conclusion:Grey scale and power Doppler ultrasonography is a sensitive and reliable method to assess bone erosion and inflammatory activity in early Ra. PDUS findings may have a predictive value in disease activity.

Objective To study if 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine along or together with 4-phenylbutyric acid could affect miR-196b expression levels in chronic myeloid leukemia cells .Methods K562 cells were treated with DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine, histone deacetylase inhibitors 4-phenylbutyric acid separately and the combined treatment with both of them, then expression levels of miR-196b were detected using Real-time PCR.Results The half inhibition concentration of 4-phenylbutyric acid was 1.58mmol/L.Comparing with the expression level of miR-196b in normal human bone marrow cells, the expression levels of miR-196b were significantly lower in Aza group , PBA group and negative control cells and nearly consistent among three groups , and as high as normal cells in combined treatment group . Conclusion The expression level of miR-196b in K562 cells could not return to normal treated with 5-Aza-2 ’-deoxycytidine or 4-phenylbutyric acid separately , while could restore normal when treated with both agents , indicating that miR-196b expression level in K562 cells is related with both DNA methylation and histone acetylation .