Objective To summarize the characteristics of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer and analyze the risk factors for lymphatic metastasis. Methods 103 cases surgically treated for early gastric cancer in the Third Hospital of Peking University between March, 1988 and March, 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Several clinicalpathologic variables including patients' age, gender, size of tumor, tumor location, macroscopic type, histological type, invasion depth were investigated by using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis for the possible relationship to lymphatic metastasis. Results The rate of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer was 17.5% (18/103), which in mucosal cancer was 4. 1% (2/49). Submucosal cancer had a lymph node metastatic rate of 29. 6% (16/54). Logistic regression indicated that invasion to submucosa and tumor size > 2 em were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of early gastric cancer. Metastatic cases of mucosal cancer were all signet ring cell cancer with diameters more than 2 cm. Lymph node metastatic rate in submueosal cancers within 2 cm was 16. 1% (5/31), that in > 2 cm submucosal cancers was 47. 8% (11/23) (P = 0. 012). Rate of lymph node metastasis in well-differentiated cancers was 0 (0/13), that in moderately-differentiated, poorly differentiated and signet ring cell cancers were 18. 2% (4/22), 16. 7% (5/30) and 23.7% (9/38) respectively (P = 0. 294). Patients' age, gender, tumor location and macroscopic type showed no relationship with lymph node state. Conclusion The tumor size and invasion depth are related with lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer, considering these factors and assessing lymph node state is essential to appropriate therapeutic options for early gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the expressions of RANTES , FKN and IP-10 at mRNA and pro-tein levels in human lung epithelial cells (A549) infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and to eval-uate the changes of them interfered with 15-deoxy-delta12,14prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2), rosiglitazone or 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide ( GW9662 ) .Methods A549 cells were seeded in 6-well culture plates and cul-tured overnight in F12K culture solution.Then they were randomly divided into five groups , including group A (15d-PGJ2+RSV group), group B (rosiglitazone+RSV group), group C (DMSO+RSV group), group D (GW9662+rosiglitazone+RSV group) and group E (cell control group).Cells and supernatants were harves-ted from each group at different time points (12 h, 24 h and 48 h) of culture.The expressions of RANTES , FKN and IP-10 at mRNA and protein levels were measured by ELISA and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis.Results The expressions of RANTES , FKN and IP-10 at mRNA and protein levels in group C were significantly higher than those in group E at time points of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h (all P<0.05).In group C, the expressions of the three chemokines at mRNA level reached a peak at 24 h, but began to de-crease at 48 h, which showed no statistical significance compared with those at 12 h (all P>0.05).Moreo-ver, the expressions at protein level were peaked at 48h, and had significant difference with those expressed at 12 h and 24 h (all P<0.05).Compared with group C, the expressions of the three chemokines both at mRNA level and protein level were decreased in group A and B as the dose was increased (all P<0.05), and the lowest levels were observed with the intervention of 20 μmol/L of 15d-PGJ2 in group A and 30μmol/L of rosiglitazone in group B .Conclusion The expressions of RANTES , FKN and IP-10 at mRNA and protein levels were increased with RSV infection , and the peaks of mRNA level and protein level were respectively achieved at 24 h and 48 h after infection.PPARγagonists played an anti-inflammatory role through inhibiting the expressions of the three chemokines both at mRNA level and protein level in a dose -de-pendent manner .

Objective:To analyze the molecular characteristics of dengue virus (DENV) strains circulating in Shantou city in 2018 and 2019 for elucidating the reasons causing strikingly different dengue fever epidemics during the two years and understanding the transmission characteristics and routes of DENV, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of dengue fever.Methods:Detection of viral nucleic acid contents and amplification and sequencing of E gene were carried out on 872 samples positive for DENV acid in 2018 and 2019. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the E gene sequences to analyze the homology of DENV strains. The sources and transmission routes of the strains were also analyzed. Results:A total of 99 sequences of DENV E gene were acquired, including 68 DENV-1 sequences and 31 DENV-2 sequences. The cases of dengue fever were sporadic in 2018. Phylogenetic tree showed the strains isolated in 2018 were from multi-sources and closely related to those found in Guangzhou city and Southeast Asia area. Dengue fever outbreaks occurred in 2019 and most of the prevalent strains were from a single source, which was speculated to be Cambodia. Conclusions:Dengue fever in Shantou city was mainly caused by imported strains of the same year rather than by local strains in previous years. DENV strains in Shantou might be traced back to Southeast Asia area and transmitted to Shantou through many routes.

Objective To explore the effects of Jianpi Yichang Powder on the expressions of interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 of NLRP3 signaling pathway in ulcerative colitis(UC)model rats.Methods Ten rats were randomly selected from 40 SD rats as the normal group,and the other rats freely drank 5%dextran sulfate solution for 7 days to replicate UC rats model.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,sulfasalazine group and Jianpi Yichang Powder group,with 10 rats in each group.Jianpi Yichang Powder group and sulfasalazine group were given corresponding liquid medicine for gavage,and the normal and model groups were given equivalent volume distilled water for gavage for consecutive 14 d.The general status was observed,and the disease activity index(DAI)was scored,the contents of NLRP3,apoptosis-associated spotted proteins(ASC),and Caspase-1 in serum were detected by ELISA,the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR respectively.Results Compared with the normal group,the general status of the rats in model group was relatively worse,and DAI score significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-l in serum were significantly increased(P<0.01),the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA in colon tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the general status of the rats in Jianpi Yichang Powder group and sulfasalazine group were significantly improved,DAI score significantly decreased(P<0.01),the contents of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-l in serum significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 protein and mRNA in colon tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Jianpi Yichang Powder can inhibit IL-1β and IL-18 expression of NLRP3 signaling pathway to reduce colon immune inflammatory damage,thus play a role in treating UC.

Objective To investigate the effects of Jianpi Yichang Powder on regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to inhibit dendritic cells(DCs)inflammatory injury induced by TNF-α;To explore its mechanism in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Methods C57BL/6 mice DCs were primitively isolated and cultured.The cultured DCs were randomly divided into the normal group,model group,negative control group,positive drug group and TCM group.DCs inflammatory microenvironment model was established by TNF-α induction.After corresponding treatments were given to each group,CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation ability,immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-1 in DCs respectively,Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in DCs.Results Compared with the normal group,the proliferation ability in DCs of model group significantly decreased(P<0.01),the positive expressions of NLRP3,ASC and Caspase-1 significantly increased,the expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18,IL-1β protein and IL-18,IL-1β mRNA in DCs significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group and negative control group,the proliferation ability of DCs significantly increased in positive drug group and TCM group(P<0.01),the positive expressions of NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 significantly decreased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 significantly decreased(P<0.01).The cell proliferation ability,Caspase-1 positive expression,and IL-18 mRNA expression of TCM group were significantly higher than those of the positive drug group(P<0.05),while the mRNA expression of IL-1β was lower than that of the positive drug group(P<0.05).Conclusion Jianpi Yichang Powder can inhibit the inflammatory response of DCs induced by TNF-α,and its mechanism in the treatment of ulcerative colitis may be related to regulating the expressions of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway,including the expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-1β.

Objective To explore the mechanism of protective effect of Jianpi Yichang Powder on intestinal mucosa by observing its effect on the expression of autophagy-related molecules in colon of ulcerative colitis(UC)model rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Jianpi Yichang Powder group and sulfasalazine group.UC rat model was established by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid/ethanol solution.After the model was successfully reproduced,the rats were given drugs orally once a day for 14 days.The general condition of rats was observed and the disease activity index(DAI)score was calculated.The pathological morphology of colonic tissue in all groups was observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Autophagy of colonic epithelial cells was examined by transmission electron microscope.The expressions of myosin-like BCL2 interacting protein(Beclin1)and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)in colonic tissue were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot.The mRNA expressions of autophagy protein 5(Atg5),autophagy protein 7(Atg7)and ubiquitin-binding protein 62(p62)were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR).Results Compared with the normal group,the general situation of the model group was worse,and the DAI score increased significantly(P<0.000 1).There was obvious epithelial cell damage in colonic tissue,and the number of autophagosomes decreased obviously under electron microscope.The expressions of Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein as well as Atg5 and Atg7 mRNA in colonic tissue decreased significantly(P<0.000 1),while the expression of p62 mRNA increased significantly(P<0.000 1).Compared with the model group,the general condition of rats in Jianpi Yichang Powder group had recovered significantly,and the DAI score decreased significantly(P<0.000 1).Pathological damage of colonic tissue has been improved in different degrees,and the number of autophagosomes increased significantly under electron microscope.The expressions of Beclin1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein as well as Atg5 and Atg7 mRNA in colonic tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.000 1),while the expression of p62 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jianpi Yichang Powder can protect UC colon mucosa from injury by up-regulating the expression of autophagy-related molecules including Beclin1,LC3,Atg5 and Atg7,down-regulating the expression of p62 and enhancing autophagy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtypes and genotypes in southern Zhejiang province, and to determine whether RSV genotypes are correlated with the disease severity of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).

METHODNasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from children under 5 years of age who were hospitalized with LRTI during 5 consecutive seasons from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2014 were collected. RSV antigen was determined using direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Two hundred strains of RSV were randomly selected from each epidemic season. RNA was extracted and identified as subtype A or B by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and randomly selected strains of the full length attachment (G) genes of both subtype A and subtype B were amplified by PCR and sequencing. Clinical data were collected, and the disease severity between different genotypes were compared simultaneously.

RESULTOf the total 1 000 randomly selected RSV positive samples, 462 (46.2%) and 538 (53.8%) samples were identified as subtype A and B, respectively. It was found that subtype B predominated in the 2009-2010 and 2012-2014 epidemic seasons and subtype A in 2010-2012 epidemic seasons. A total of 112 strains of complete sequences of G genes were obtained, including four subtype A genotypes NA1, NA4, GA2 and ON1, and six subtype B genotypes BA8-10, BA-C, CB1, and GB2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 39/52 (75.0%) subtype A strains were classified as NA1 genotype, followed by ON1 genotype (10/52,19.2%) and 44/60 (73.3%) subtype B strains were classified as BA9 genotype, followed by BA8 genotype (6/60,10.0%). BA9 was the predominant genotype among subtype B except 2010-2011 epidemic season, while NA1 was the predominant genotype among subtype A except 2013-2014 epidemic season. Only ON1 and BA9 genotypes were checked out during 2013-2014 epidemic season. There was statistically significant difference in the average severity score of illness in 39 cases infected with NA1 genotype (4.154) and 44 cases of BA9 genotype (3.341) (U=642.500, P<0.05). Furthermore, in the rate of oxygen uptake, the percentage of those infected with NA1 genotype (33.3%) was higher than those infected with BA9 genotype (13.6%) (χ2=4.544, P<0.05). However, there were no significant difference in the age, clinical symptoms, the percentage of intensive care unit admission, length of hospitalization and the outcome of the disease between NA1 and BA9 infection.

CONCLUSIONThe shift of predominant RSV subtype from 2009 to 2014 were B-A-A-B-B in the southern areas of Zhejiang province. Multiple genotypes co-circulated during five RSV epidemic seasons. NA1 and BA9 genotypes were the predominant genotypes of subtype A and B, respectively. Compared with infection with BA9 genotype, NA1 genotype infection was associated with more severe disease and proportion of patients needed oxygen therapy was higher.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Nasopharynx ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; genetics ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; Seasons

Objective To investigated the etiologic characteristics of Shigella (S.) sonnei strains causing outbreaks and sporadic cases in some areas of Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during 2014-2016. Methods Fourteen S. sonnei strains isolated from outbreaks and 6 S. sonnei strains from sporadic cases from Guangdong and Liuzhou of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were tested for antimicrobial resistance and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Six typical strains were selected for whole genome sequencing typing and compared with 51 strains isolated both at home and abroad from NCBI genome database. Results The antibiotic resistance test indicated the isolates had high resistance rate to ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid, while sensitive to azithromycin, chloromycetin and imipenem. PFGE showed high similarity (93.2%) among the strains isolated from different areas. The whole genome sequencing analysis also revealed that all the typical strains wereclustered into a same evolution branch, close to some strains from Korea. Conclusions The S. sonnei strains isolated from some areas of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, but they were sensitive to azithromycin, chloramphenicol and imipenem. The isolates in this study also showed similar PFGE patterns and close phylogenic evolution.

Sishen Pills is a classic prescription for the treatment of spleen and kidney diarrhea,which has the effect of warming the kidney and the spleen,astringent intestine and antidiarrheal.In modern clinical application,the modified prescriptions based on Sishen Pills,combined with other treatments of TCM and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine are often used to treat ulcerative colitis with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome,and the curative effect is remarkable.Experimental pharmacological studies have shown that Sishen Pills may achieve the purpose of ulcerative colitis by regulating the expression of related signaling pathway proteins,regulating inflammatory factors,inhibiting inflammatory response,regulating autophagy,regulating intestinal flora,improving intestinal mucosal permeability,repairing intestinal mucosal barrier,regulating cellular energy metabolism,anti-oxidative stress,regulating cellular immune function,etc.In this article,the research status of Sishen Pills in the treatment of ulcerative colitis was sorted out and summarized,in order to provide reference for further study of its mechanism and clinical application.

Pathological mechanism of ulcerative colitis(UC)is not fully clear,which may be the result of Th17/Treg immune imbalance and the interaction of multiple complex factors.Numerous studies have found that classical TCM prescriptions,experienced formulas and TCM active components could regulate Th17/Treg balance by intervening in cytokines,transcription factors,and signaling pathways,restore intestinal mucosal immune function,suppress intestinal mucosal inflammatory response,and repair intestinal mucosal barrier damage.Based on the research status of UC,Th17/Treg balance and TCM treatment,this article reviewed the relationship between Th17/Treg balance and UC,and explained the key role of Th17/Treg balance in the occurrence and development of UC.At the same time,the Chinese materia medica targeting to regulate the balance of Th17/Treg in the treatment of UC in recent years was summarized,in order to provide reference for the treatment of UC.