Objective To observe the protective effect of Qiangxin oral liquid on experimental left ventricular hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol and ultrastructure in rats.MethodsMyocardial hypertrophy model of rats were established by injection of isoproterenol (5 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. Thirty rats were divided into the control group, model group and treatment group (treated with Qiangxin oral liquid from second day after myocardial hypertrophy model made and continued for 12 weeks). Cardiac structure and function were detected in all groups by ultrasonography on 2nd, 6th and 12th week after model made respectively. After 12 weeks, the left ventricular weight/body weight index (LVW/BW) of all animals was tested and myocardial ultrastructure was examined.ResultsCompared with the model group, the interventricular septal end systolic thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular diameter, and left ventricular mass index of the treatment group decreased significantly ( P<0.05～0.01), while the damage of myocardial ultrastructrue lightened.ConclusionQiangxin oral liquid can improve the experimental myocardial hypertrophy of rats induced by isoproterenol.

Aim To investigate whether human umbili-cal cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)exposed to inflammatory conditions could release large amounts of exosomes to induce regulatory T cells(Treg).Meth-ods hUC-MSCs were isolated by enzyme digestion method.(In vitro)interferonγ(IFN-γ)was added in-to hUC-MSCs to mimic inflammatory microenviron-ments,then exosomes were extracted from the superna-tant of normal conditional medium or IFN-γpretreated hUC-MSCs.Both sources of exosomes,Nor-hUC-exo and IFN-γ-stimulated hUC-exo, were identified by Nanoparticle Trafficking Analysis (NTA )and Western blot for the exosome-enriched protein CD63 .Next,hu-man peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs ) stimulated with PHA were respectively co-cultured with hUC-MSCs,IFN-γ-pretreated-hUC-MSCs,hUC-MSCs exosomes or IFN-γ-stimulated-hUC-MSCs exosomes for 5 days to assess the exosomes-T cells communication. The proliferation rate of PBMCs and frequency of CD4 +/CD25 +/Foxp3 + Treg were measured by flow cytometry.Results The isolated cells from human um-bilical cord tissue,which were positive for CD73, CD44,CD29,CD90 and HLA-ABC,but were nega-tive for CD31 and CD34,were mesenchymal stem cells indeed.After IFN-γtreatment,hUC-MSCs secreted nu-merous exosomes(P<0.05 ).Morerover,there was a significantly higher level of CD63 ,but no difference in diameter between Nor-hUC-exo and IFN-γ-stimulated hUC-exo.IFN-γ-stimulated hUC-exo had a superior a-bility compared with Nor-hUC-exo to suppress the pro-liferation of PHA stimulated PBMCs due to their upreg-ulation of the percentage of Treg (1 1.53 ±0.88% vs 6.60 ±0.56%,P <0.01 ).Conclusion hUC-MSCs could promote the expression of Treg to modulate im-munosuppression through exosomes,especially for IFN-γ-licenced exosomes,which might carry much immu-notherapeutic potential.

Objective:To systematically review the qualitative researches on patients′ lived experiences of being mechanically ventilated in intensive care unit.Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database were searched to collect qualitative studies on patients′ lived experiences of being mechanically ventilated in intensive care unit, from October 2009 to October 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the literature against the pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting the data, and evaluated the included studies according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia.Results:A total of fourteen studies were included. Thirty-eight complete results were grouped according to their similarities to form seven categories. These categories led to three synthesized findings: results 1: patients suffered from both physical and mental distress; results 2: they were eager for supports; results 3: patients achieved personal growth through self-adjustment and reflection.Conclusion:Discomfort experience during mechanical ventilation reduces patients′ comfort, and to a certain extent, has negative impacts on their physical or mental health and clinical outcome. As the main caregiver of patients with mechanical ventilation, not only should nurses alleviate patients′ physical distress by strengthening communication but also give them adequate psychological support. Eventually, promote the physical and mental recovery of patients.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence, genetic structure and evolutionary characteristics of GⅡ.17 norovirus isolated from the fecal samples of rhesus monkeys in Longhu Mountain of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods: A total of 400 stool specimens were collected from wild rhesus monkeys from March to August of 2015. The GⅡ.17 norovirus named as GX213 was identified in fecal samples by high-throughput sequencing technology. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm and screen GX213, as well as amplify its complete gene sequence. Then the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of three ORFs of GX213 were constructed by software MEGA 6.0. Results: Two out of 400 fecal samples were positive. The full-length genome of GX213 was 7 565 bp (containing PloyA tail), which was composed of three open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1(10-5112 nt), ORF2(5093-6715 nt)and ORF3(6715-7494 nt), with 20 bp overlapping between ORF1 and ORF2, and 1 bp overlapping between ORF2 and ORF3.Analysis of the complete sequence of GX213 showed that it shared the highest homology with the strain of human GⅡ.17 norovirus CUHK-NS-613 (GenBank ID: KU561248) (99.5% identity), and ORF1 and ORF3 also shared the highest homology with the strain CUHK-NS-613 [99.5% and 99.4% in nucleotide (nt); 99.5% and 99.2% in amino acid (aa), respectively], which was the main cause of human norovirus outbreaks in some regions of Asia from 2014 to 2015. ORF2 sequence analysis showed that it displayed the highest identity (99.4% in nt and 99.8% in aa) to the strain CUHK-NS-491 (GenBank ID: KP698928), only one aa mutation aa₂₄₅P→S(P1.1 region) was observed in the GX213 VP1 protein. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis showed that GX213 was more related to CUHK-NS-613 and CUHK-NS-491 than the strain KM1509 (GenBank ID: KX356908) of GⅡ.17 norovirus recently identified in rhesus monkeys. Conclusions GX213 belongs to the human GⅡ.17 norovirus variant causing the norovirus outbreaks from 2014 to 2015. Our research suggests that GⅡ.17 norovirus can infect not only humans but also rhesus monkeys.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of Tongfengning （痛风宁， TFN） in treating hyperuricemia （HUA） of spleen deficiency with exuberance of dampness syndrome. MethodsTen of 60 mice were randomly selected， and were fed with regular diet as the control group， while the remaining 50 mice were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with excessive exercise and potassium oxonate-allopurinol suspension to establish an HUA animal model of syndrome of spleen deficiency with exuberance of dampness. After the successful modeling， in order to better observe the effects of TFN on the intestinal microbiota of the model mice， a mixed antibiotic suspension was administered by gavage to induce further dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in the model mice. Fifty sucessfully modeled mice were randomly divided into model group， TFN group， allopurinol group， probiotics group， and an allopurinol + probiotics group， 10 in each group. The TFN group was administered TFN liquid at a dosage of 19.11 g/（kg·d） by gavage. The allopurinol group was administered allopurinol suspension at a dosage of 78 mg/（kg·d） by gavage. The probiotics group was administered live combined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus tablets suspension at a dosage of 3 g/（kg·d） by gavage. The allopurinol + probiotics group was administered allopurinol at a dosage of 78 mg/（kg·d） and live combined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus tablets suspension at a dosage of 3 g/（kg·d） by gavage. The control group and model group were administered normal saline at a dosage of 19.11 ml/（kg·d） by gavage. The interventions were continued for 21 days. In order to maintain a stable high blood uric acid state， all groups but the control group continued modeling while receiving drug intervention. The changes in spleen deficiency syndrome scores， blood uric acid levels， microbial community structure， acetic acid and butyric acid content in intestinal lavage fluid， adenosine deaminase （ADA） and xanthine oxidase （XOD） content in small intestine tissue， as well as ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 （ABCG2）， glucose transporter 9 （GLUT9） protein and mRNA expression in the small intestine tissue were compared among the groups of mice. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed increased spleen deficiency syndrome scores， blood uric acid levels， relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes， Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio， abundance of Bacteroides genus， Klebsiella genus， and Enterococcus genus， acetic acid content in intestinal lavage fluid， ADA and XOD content in small intestine tissue， as well as GLUT9 protein and mRNA expression （P<0.05）. The number of operational taxonomic units （OTUs） of intestinal microbiota， relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum， abundance of Lactobacillus genus and uncultured Bacteroides genus， butyric acid content in intestinal lavage fluid， and ABCG2 protein and mRNA expression in small intestine tissue were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， in the group treated with TFN， probiotics， and allopurinol + probiotics， the spleen deficiency syndrome score， blood uric acid level， relative abundance of Firmicutes， acetic acid content in intestinal lavage fluid， ADA and XOD content in small intestine tissue， GLUT9 protein and mRNA expression significantly decreased. The number of gut microbiota OTUs， relative abundance of proteobacteria， butyric acid content in intestinal lavage fluid， ABCG2 protein and mRNA expression in small intestine tissue significantly increased （P＜0.05）. In the probiotics group， the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes decreased. In the TFN group， the abundance of Lactobacillus and uncultured Bacteroidetes significantly increased， while the abundance of Parabacteroides， Klebsiella， and Enterococcus significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the TFN group， allopurinol group and the probiotics group showed elevated blood uric acid levels， abundance of Bacteroidetes， ADA and XOD levels in intestinal tissue， and GLUT9 mRNA expression. The relative abundance of Firmicutes， abundance of lactobacilli， and ABCG2 mRNA expression significantly decreased. The probiotics group showed elevated GLUT9 protein expression in intestinal tissue. The probiotics group and the allopurinol plus probiotics group showed significantly higher scores for spleen deficiency syndrome in mice， and lower levels of butyric acid in mouse intestinal lavage fluid. The allopurinol group showed decreased numbers of OTUs in mouse intestinal flora， decreased abundance of proteobacteria， and butyric acid levels in intestinal lavage fluid. The allopurinol group also showed decreased ABCG2 protein expression in intestinal tissue， increased acetic acid levels in intestinal lavage fluid， increased abundance of Klebsiella， and significantly elevated GLUT9 protein expression （P＜0.05）. ConclusionsThe treatment of HUA with TFN may be associated with the regulation of intestinal probiotics （such as lactobacilli） and pathogenic bacteria （such as Klebsiella）， as well as the production of bacterial metabolites such as acetic acid and butyric acid. It may also involve reducing the expression of ADA and XOD in the intestines， decreasing intestinal uric acid production， upregulating the expression of intestinal epithelial urate transporter ABCG2， downregulating GLUT9 expression， and promoting intestinal uric acid excretion. These factors are related to the syndrome of spleen deficiency with exuberance of dampness.