The optimal model for the near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of serum glucose was established by partial least squares(PLS) and Savitzky-Golay(SG) smoothing method. Based on the prediction effect of the optimal single wave number model, a new dividing method for calibration set and prediction set was given. The calibration and prediction models were established by PLS method adopting the combination bands of 10000-5300 cm~(-1) and 4920-4160 cm~(-1) with Savitizky-Golay(SG) smoothing. By extending the number of smoothing points to 5, 7, ..., 87(odd) and polynomial degree to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, fourteen smooth coefficient tables including 582 smooth modes were calculated. All PLS models corresponding to all smooth modes and all PLS factors(1-40) were constructed. The optimal model was selected by the prediction effect. And the derivation order was 1, the polynomial degree was 3 or 4, the number of smoothing points was 53, the optimal factor was 7 and the optimal RMSEP reach 0.376 mmol/L. The dividing method for calibration set and prediction set, the extending of SG smoothing modes, large-scale optimization combining SG smoothing modes and PLS factors can be effectively applied for the model optimization of near-infrared spectroscopic analysis.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of companion support on insulin pump therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,30 cases respectively. Patients in control group were given routine education,while patients in experimental group received additional intervention of companion support. Changes of blood glucose,the occurrence of negative events during the use of insulin pump and standardized usage of insulin pump were compared between two groups. Blood glucose before sleep in one random day was recorded and the fluctuation of blood glucose was compared between two groups.Results After six months,fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin and the occurrence of negative events during the use of insulin pump in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The waveform stability at one random day before sleep of experimental group was better than that of control group.Conclusions Companion support plays curial roles in controlling blood glucose, improves the standardization of insulin pump operation and effectively reduces the negative events in adolescents with type 1 diabetes undergoing temporary insulin pump therapy.

Objective To explore the effects of health education based on health belief model in elderly patients with 0 grade diabetic foot. Methods Elderly patients with 0 grade diabetic foot of endocrinology ward were selected by convenience sampling in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Shandong Province as subjects form 1st January to 31st March 2014. Patients were divided into observation group (n=49) and control group (n=51) with the random number table. On the end of the study, there were 47 patients in observation group and 42 in control group. Patients of both groups all received the same treatment and knowledge education during hospitalization. After discharge, monthly telephone follow-up was carried out for patients in control group along with answering questions, while health education based on health belief model was applied for patients in observation group. The glucose and TG control condition, self-care behavior and foot situation were compared between two groups. Results Six months and three years after intervention, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma glucose two hours after glucose load (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG) of patients in observation group were lower than those in control group with significant differences (P< 0.05). Three years after intervention, the diabetes self-care behavior of patients in observation group was significantly better than that in control group (P<0.05); the situation of ulcer/infection, deformity, blister/callosum, xerosis cutis/chapped skin, pain/twitch of lower limbs and anaesthesia in the foot of patients in observation group was better than those in control group with significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The health education based on health belief model for elderly patients with 0 grade diabetic foot can make the effects of glucose control and blood lipid control lasting and stable. Besides, the self-care ability of diabetic foot of patients improves by knowledge learning again and again and correcting unhealthy life styles so as to reduce the risk of infection, ulcer, thanatosis and amputation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between cytogenetic findings and clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome.

METHODS607 cases of cytogenetically diagnosed Turner syndrome, including those with a major manifestation of Turner syndrome, were analyzed with conventional G-banding. Correlation between the karyotypes and clinical features were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 607 cases, there were 154 cases with monosomy X (25.37%). Mosaicism monosomy X was found in 240 patients (39.54%), which included 194 (80.83%) with a low proportion of 45,X (3 ≤ the number of 45, X ≤5, while the normal cells ≥ 30). Structural X chromosome abnormalities were found in 173 patients (28.50%). A supernumerary marker chromosome was found in 40 cases (6.59%). Most patients with typical manifestations of Turner syndrome were under 11 years of age and whose karyotypes were mainly 45,X. The karyotype of patients between 11 and 18 years old was mainly 45,X, 46,X,i(X)(q10) and mos45,X/46,X,i(X)(q10), which all had primary amenorrhea in addition to the typical clinical manifestations. The karyotype of patients over 18 years of age were mainly mosaicism with a low proportion of 45,X, whom all had primary infertility. 53 patients had a history of pregnancy, which included 48 with non-structural abnormalities of X chromosome and 5 with abnormal structure of X chromosome.

CONCLUSIONGenerally, the higher proportion of cells with an abnormal karyotype, the more severe were the clinical symptoms and the earlier clinical recognition. Karyotyping analysis can provide guidance for the early diagnosis of Turner syndrome, especially those with a low proportion of 45,X.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Amenorrhea ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Middle Aged ; Mosaicism ; Pregnancy ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Turner Syndrome ; genetics ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective: To evaluate the nursing workload in surgical departments by decision tree method. Methods: The indexes of nursing workload of 23 surgical departments were analyzed with decision tree method from February 20 to March 26 in 2017. Results: According to decision tree analysis, the number of admitted patients was high-priority variable (F=39.128, P=0.000), and the nursing workload was divided into four grades by number of admitted patients ≤ 1, 17, respectively. The suboptimal variables were number of operations (F=7.578, P=0.046) and number of electrocardiogram monitors used (F=28.306, P=0.000), the nursing workload was further divided into six grades by number of operations ≤ 5, number of operations>5 and number of electrocardiogram monitors use ≤ 5, number of electrocardiogram monitors use > 5, respectively. Conclusions The number of admitted patients, electrocardiogram monitors used and operative patients were significant indexes of nursing workload in surgical departments, which helps the nurse managers evaluate the nurse performance and optimize human resource allocation based on decision tree analysis and clinical practice.