BACKGROUND:Prevention and treatment of graftversus host disease and elevation of graft survival rate are core problems needed to be solved in alogenic hematopoietic stem cel transplantation. Thus, it is necessary to find a new immunosuppressant. Recent studies showed that histone deacetylase inhibitor has immunomodulatory effects. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA on acute graftversus host disease in mice and the immunomodulatory effects. METHODS: C57BL/6(H-2b)→BALB/C(H-2d) was selected as donor and recipient of complete alotransplantation. At 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days after transplantion, mice in the treatment group were intraperitonealy given SAHA (35 mg/kg) (0.2 mL). Mice in the control group were intraperitonealy given sterile water 0.2 mL/time. Flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR and pathology were used to compare the clinical manifestations, survival time and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cel percentage of acute graftversus host disease in mice of both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the treatment group, the time of acute graftversus host disease was delayed and the extent was reduced and survival time was longer compared with the control group. Survival rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). After transplantation, the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cels gradualy increased with prolonged time in the treatment group. On the contrary, the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cels gradualy decreased with prolonged time in the control group (P < 0.05). Above data suggested that SAHA delayed the occurrence of acute graftversus host disease and lessened the severity of acute graft versus host disease possibly through elevating the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cels.

BACKGROUND:Nano-hydroxyapatite helps to improve the mechanical properties of bone implants.
OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical effect of nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone on col apsed fracture of the tibial plateau.
METHODS:Fourteen cases of col apsed fracture of the tibial plateau combined with bone defects from March 2010 to September 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The bone defect range was from 1.5 cm×1.0 cm to 3.1 cm×4.5 cm. Al patients were treated with nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone at an implant amount of 5-14 g. Clinical and X-ray observations were applied at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Hospital for Special Surgery scores were employed for recovery of knee function.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The patients were fol owed up for 12-27 months. Except for one case of a smal amount of wound exudates, no general side effects occurred in 13 cases. X-ray photo showed an integrity interface between nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone and host bone at 3 months after treatment. Primary healing was obtained in al cases without any complications. Hospital for Special Surgery score was increased to (88.7±4.3) points at 1 year later. These findings indicate that the nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone has a good biocompatibility and biomechanics, and it may be an ideal artificial bone for repairing col apsed fractures of the tibial plateau.

We searched for metastasis-related genes in adenoid cystic carcinoma by suppression subtractive hybridization analysis of high and low metastasis cell lines. Twelve genes (ten previously identified and two novel sequences) were identified as being expressed at lower levels in high metastasis cell line Acc-M when compared to low metastasis cell line Acc-2. The known sequences corresponded to the genes for cysteine-rich angiogenesis induction factor (cyr61), chromosome 7 RP11-52501 clone, G-protein, WAS familial ferritin I heavy chain, jumping translocation breakpoint, eukaryotic translation elongation, folate receptor and three ribosomal proteins. Among them, the G protein and ferritin I heavy chain genes contained mutations in the high metastasis cell line. The two novel gene sequences have been named ACC metastasis-associated RNH and ACC metastasis-associated suspected protein (GenBank # AF522024 and AF522025, respectively). Taken together, these results suggest that reduced expression and/or mutation of several genes in the tumor cell line Acc-M are associated with high tumor metastasis, providing important molecular biological materials for further study of metastasis control and possible targets for cancer gene therapy.
Blotting, Northern ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/*genetics/secondary ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Human ; In Vitro ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The major reason for the resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics is the expression of β-lactamases.Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) hydrolyze almost all types of β-lactam antibiotics including carbapenems, posing a challenge to global public health. Developing MBL inhibitors is an important method to treat the infections caused by resistant bacteria. As an important type of MBL inhibitors, chelating agents can inhibit MBL by chelating, stripping, and binding Zn2+ in the active center of MBL.This review summarizes recent publications on chelators as MBL inhibitors, discussing their chemical structures, inhibitory potency, synergistic effects with antibiotics, selectivity and mechanism of action, including EDTA and related compounds, aspergillomarasmine A (AMA) and its derivatives, NOTA and related compounds, pyridine carboxylic acid and pyridine methylamine compounds, aiming to provide reference for future development of potent, selective and safe clinical MBL inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of KIR3DL2 alleles among ethnic Han Chinese from Zhejiang. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted by using a magnetic bead method. The full sequence of the KIR3DL2 gene was amplified with four pairs by PCR primers. The coding regions of 208 unrelated ethnic Han Chinese blood donors were analyzed using a BigDye Terminator v3.1 Sequencing Kit. The genotypes were assigned based on the nucleotide polymorphism of the KIR3DL2 gene. RESULTS: Among the 208 samples, 133 were KIR3DL2 heterozygotes and 75 were homozygotes. Forty six KIR3DL2 genotypes were detected. Respectively, 70, 33 and 23 individuals were found to have a KIR3DL2*00201/KIR3DL2*00201, KIR3DL2*00201/KIR3DL2*00701, and KIR3DL2*00201/KIR3DL2*01001 genotype. Twenty-two KIR3DL2 alleles were discovered, and the frequencies of KIR3DL2*00201, KIR3DL2*00701 and KIR3DL2*01001 were 57.45%, 13.46% and 9.13%, respectively. CONCLUSION The distribution of KIR3DL2 alleles among ethnic Han Chinese in Zhejiang has been determined and fits the criteria for genetic polymorphism.
Alleles ; China ; Ethnic Groups ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, KIR3DL2

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.