Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal lymphoma. Its pathological type mainly includes dif-fuse large B cell lymphoma. In MRI images, the condition is usually manifested as solitary deep lesions in brain parenchyma, with vari-ous forms of reinforcement. To date, chemotherapy based on high-dose methotrexate administration is the first-line therapy of PCNSL. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy can prolong the overall survival of patients. However, this approach simultaneously causes higher incidence of neurotoxicity. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is recommended for re-current and refractory PCNSL. Temozolomide and rituximab can be used as treatment options because of their low toxicity and good tolerance. The prognosis of PCNSL depends on several factors, such as serum LDH concentration, age, ECOG/KPS score、cerebro-spi-nal fluid (CSF) protein concentration and tumor location.

Objective To set up an experiment model on cellular level in order to investigate the effects of aconitine on Connexin43(Cx43)in cardiomyocytes of rat.Methods The cultured cardiomyocytes of rat were incubated with aconitine at 6 different concentrations of 0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 ?mol/L.The changes of Cx43 phosphorylation status of each group were investigated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent microscopy techniques.Results The total amount of Cx43 had not changed in cardiomyocytes after aconitine incubation by western blot analysis,but it began to induce Cx43 dephosphorylation after incubation of the cultures with 0.5 ?mol/L aconitine and Cx43 underwent significant dephosphorylation when the concentration of aconitine elevated to 1.0 ?mol/L,and the dephosphorylation effects of 1.5 and 2.0 ?mol/L aconitine on Cx43 were similar to that of 1.0 ?mol/L aconitine.Quantitative immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that Ser368,one of the serine amino acid phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal domain of Cx43,underwent significant dephosphorylation when incubation of the cardiomyocytes with 1.0 ?mol/L aconitine.Conclusion Under certain concentration conditions,aconitine can induce significant dephosphorylation of Cx43 in the cardiomyocytes of rat.

Objective To analyze the surgical and pathologic features of isolated ascending aortitis without evidence of rheumatologic or autoimmune diseases by comparing that of Takayasu's arteritis.Methods Consecutive 965 excised ascending aortas were reviewed and 40 cases with aortitis were selected from the pathological archives of past 20 years in Fuwai Hospital.The clinical history,laboratory and angiographic data,surgical findings,steroid therapy and followup results of these 40 cases were reviewed.Pathological parameters included the thickness of aortic wall and its various layers,inflammation activity,multinuclear giant cells,inflammatory necrosis,laminar necrosis and atheroselerosis.The t test and Chi square analysis were used to compare the means and the rates between the two groups.Results Twenty-five of 40 cases were diagnosed with isolated aortitis and its prevalencei was 2.6%(25/965),while 8 cases with Takayasu's arteritis and 7 cases with other vasculitis were confirmed.The age of isolated ascending aortitis was older than that of Takayasu's arteritis[(46±12)y vs(34±14)y,t=2.30,P>0.05] while the male/female ratio was similar in both groups(1.1 vs 1.0,t=0.01,P>0.05).Their main clinical manifestation was aortic aneurysm with a bigger aortic diameter in isolated aortitis than that in Takayasu's arteritis [(59±18)vs(46±12)mm,P>0.05].The asymptomatic cages mostly were found in isolated ascending aortitis (28%vs 0,x2=2.98,P>0.05).The erythrocyte sedimentary rate was normal in isolated aortitis but increased in Takayasu's arteritis[(15±17)mm/1 hvs[27±25)mm/1 h,U=48.50,P<0.05 ].Inflammatory edema,thickening and calcification were noted in more than half cases of both groups.but slighter thickening of aortic wall was foand in isolated ascending aortitis in contrast to the remarkable thickening in Takayasu artefifis[(2506±493)vs (3300±430)μm,t=-3.00,P<0.01].Giant cells,inflammatory necrosis,laminar necrosis and accompanied atherosclerosis were more common in isolated ascending aortitis.Aortic regurgitation was common but inflammatory invasion wege found in few aortic valves. Steroid was prescribed in 5 cases with isolated ascending aortitis and none of them was reported with complications while aortic perivalvular leakage occurred in 3 of 20 cases without steroids therapy. In the Takayasu's arteritis cases, new aneurysm of abdominal aorta was found in 1 of 3 cases with steroid therapy. Meanwhile, perivalvular leakage and subclavian artery stenosis occurred in 2 of 5 cases without steroid. Conclusion Isolated aortitis is more common than Takayasu's arteritis in ascending aortic diseases and there is some definite difference in clinical and pathological aspects between these two diseases. Since the effect of steroid therapy is uncertain and in order to avoid overtreatment, we suggest that steroid should not be given to cases with isolated ascending aortitis after surgery and clinical and angiographic follow-up should be emphasized.

ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics in initial sandplay of the interpersonal sensitivity (IS) in college students,and validate the psychological assessment function of the initial sandplay.MethodsThe research selected the 32 IS college students and 36 healthy students by the symptom checklist 90(SCL-90).All the 68 students applied the initial sandplay operation.The initial sandplay encoding of information was collected by coding table,and analyzed by t test,Chi-square test.ResultsOn selection of toys,the IS group was significantly lower in total,buildings,plants ( ( 18.63 ± 10.93 ) vs ( 29.81 ± 12.25 ),( 1.47 ± 1.52 ) vs ( 2.39 ± 1.68 ),( 3.41 ±4.39) vs(9.72 ±6.67) ),and significantly more in the others( (0.13 ±0.33) vs(0.00 ± 0.00) ).On space utilization,the IS group was lower than the non-IS group in all fields except the left middle and the middle.On operation process,the IS group on attitude to the sand was untouch(59.4％ vs 22.2％ ),less exposed the blue bottom (71.9％ vs 30.6％ ),less use the bridge(68.8％ vs 38.9％ ),more dissatisfaction with the own sandbox(43.8％vs 2.8％ ),more warfare and abstract scene( ( 18.8％ vs 0％ ),(21.9％ vs 2.8％ ) ),and less family and society scene( ( 12.5％ vs 27.8％ ),(25％ vs 41.7％ ) ).On the theme of sandplay,the is group was more appeared by the confusion,empty,split,limit,neglect,injury,threat theme( (25％ vs 5.6％ ),(37.5％ vs 0％ ),(31.3％ vs 0％ ),(40.6％ vs 5.6％ ),(37.5％ vs 2.8％ ),( 15.6％ vs 0％ ),(50％ vs 5.6％ ) ),and less appeared by the integrate,flow and energy theme ((12.5％ vs 38.9％),(3.1％ vs 50％),(28.1％ vs 58.3％)).ConclusionThe results show that the IS group has significantly characteristics in initial sandplay.Sandplay is valuable to be a clinical psychological assessment.

Objective To determine whether Ca2+ activated Cl- current(Icl(Ca)) contributes to the functional remodeling of the failing heart.Methods Whole cell patch-clamp recording technique was employed to record the Icl(Ca) in cardiac myocytes enzymatically isolatedfrom rapidly pacing induced canine failing hearts at room temperature and compared that of the normal hearts (Nor).Results Thecurrent density of DIDS(200M)sensitive Icl(Ca) induced by intracellular Ca2+ release trigged by L-type Ca2+ current(Ica,L)wassignificantly decreased in heart failare(HE)cells compared to Nor cells.At membrane voltage of 20mV,the Icl(Ca) density was 3.02±0.54 pA/pF in Nor(n=6)vs.1.31±0.25 pA/pF in HF(n=8)cells,(P＜0.01),while the averaged Ica,L density did not show differencebetween two groups.The time constant of current decay of Icl(Ca) was similar in both types of cells.On the other hand,in intra cellularCa2+ clamped mode,where the[Ca2+];was maintained at 100nmol/L,Icl(Ca) density be increased significantly in HF cells when themembrane voltage at+30mV or higher.Conclusions Our results suggest that Icl(Ca) density was decreased in pacing induced failingheart but the channel function be enhanced.Impaired Ca2+ handing in HF cells rather than reduced,Icl(Ca) channel function itself may havecaused this abnormality.The Icl(Ca) density reduction might contribute to the prolongation of action potential in failing heart.The Icl(Ca)channel function up-rugulation is likely to cause cardiac arrhythmia by inducing a delayed after depolarization,when Ca2+ overloadoccurred in diastolic failing heart cells.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are few in bone marrow, and they are easily mingled with other cells, especially red blood cells. Therefore, intervention needs to be depleted in the process of isolation of red blood cells so as to obtain highlypurified BMSCs as many as possible.OBJECTIVE: To isolate and culture BMSCs of rats with red blood cell lysis method, and perform biological identification.DESIGN: Observation and controlled trial.SETTING: Laboratory of Aerospace Cell Molecular Biology, Scientific Research Training Center for Chinese Astronauts.MATERIALS: Fifty 30-day-old male SD rats, weighing about 100 g, of SPF degree, were purchased from Beijing Experimental Animal Center (License No. SCXK (Jing) 2002-0003) and involved in this trial. DAB condensed chromogen (hydrogen dioxide included, Zhongshan Company), rabbit anti-ret polyclonal antibody (Boster Co.,Ltd., Wuhan), fetal calf serum (PAA, Austria) and LG-DMEM medium (Sigma Company, USA) were used in this trial.METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Laboratory of Aerospace Cell Molecular Biology, Scientific Research Training Center for Chinese Astronauts during September 2004 to September 2005. The rats were sacrificed by dislocation to expose bone marrow cavity. Cell suspension was collected. BMSCs were isolated and cultured primarily by whole bonemarrow culture method. ① Red blood cells lysis test: A, B, C and D 4 tubes were chosen and filled with 0.5 mL bonemarrow rinse solution which was filtered and fully beat upon. Then, red blood cell lysis buffer of 2 mL, ammonium chloride of 2 mL, phosphate buffer normal saline of 2 mL and 0.04 volume fraction acetic acid of 0.5 mL were correspondingly added into the 4 tubes. In each tube, absorbance and hemoglobin concentration were measured and cell growth was observed. ② Observation of growth curve, doubling time and surface marker molecule expression of BMSCs: Based on the formula, population doubling time (TD) =t[lg2/(lgNt-lgN0)] (NO and Nt represented the cell number after inoculation and t hours after culture ,respectively), cell population doubling time was calculated and traced and growth curve of the 2nd, 4th and 6th generations of BMSCs were analyzed; The proliferation of BMSCs was measured by methylene blue staining method; Surface marker molecule expression of BMSCs was detected with immunocytochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Observation of isolation and culture of bone marrowmesenchymal stems of rats. ②Effect of different methods on the lysis of red blood cells and the growth of BMSCs. ③ The growth curve and cell doubling time of the 2nd, 4th and 6th generations of cells. ④Surface marker molecule expression of BMSCs of rats.RESULTS: ① Results of isolation and culture of BMSCs of rats: After 48-hour primary culture, most of the cells had adhered to the wall, and 72 hours later, division growth of the adherent cells presented. Seven to eight days later, cell colonies formed obviously, and then increased quickly, expanded incessantly and fused with each other. On 14 to 16 days, cell clones grew densely. Immediately generative cells presented ball-shape, subsided and adhered the wall verysoon. Some few round cells suspended. Adherent cells distributed evenly and proliferated quickly within 3 to 5 days. Although cell morphology of generative cells did not change after passage, cell proliferation was speeded up obviously and cells covered the bottom of the whole bottom on about 6 days. ② Effect of different methods on red blood cell lysis and the growth of BMSCs: hemoglobin concentration in the red blood cell lysate-treated group, ammonium chloride-treated group and 4％ acetic acid-treated group was significantly higher than that in the phosphate buffer normal saline-treated group, with significant difference (P ＜ 0.01). ③ Observation of growth curve of different generations of BMSCs: The growth curves of the 2nd, 4th and 6th generations of the cells were basically the same: latent period about 1 to 2 days, then logarithmic growth phase, peak on the 5th day and finally plateau phase (about on the 5th to 7th days). The latent period of the 6th generation of BMSCs was not obvious and the population doubling time of BMSCs was about 34 hours. ④ldentification of immunophenotype of different generations of BMSCs: Both CD44 and CD106 staining of each generation of cells were positive, presenting brown granule sediments, and CD34 staining was negative.CONCLUSION: Inoculation of red blood cells lysate-treated bone marrow rinse solution can boost the adherent rate of BMSCs, and does not influence its post-adherent growth, so it is a feasible separation method. Cell surface marker staining confirms that thecells isolated in this study are BMSCs.

BACKGROUND:Nano-hydroxyapatite helps to improve the mechanical properties of bone implants.
OBJECTIVE:To study the clinical effect of nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone on col apsed fracture of the tibial plateau.
METHODS:Fourteen cases of col apsed fracture of the tibial plateau combined with bone defects from March 2010 to September 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The bone defect range was from 1.5 cm×1.0 cm to 3.1 cm×4.5 cm. Al patients were treated with nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone at an implant amount of 5-14 g. Clinical and X-ray observations were applied at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Hospital for Special Surgery scores were employed for recovery of knee function.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The patients were fol owed up for 12-27 months. Except for one case of a smal amount of wound exudates, no general side effects occurred in 13 cases. X-ray photo showed an integrity interface between nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone and host bone at 3 months after treatment. Primary healing was obtained in al cases without any complications. Hospital for Special Surgery score was increased to (88.7±4.3) points at 1 year later. These findings indicate that the nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone has a good biocompatibility and biomechanics, and it may be an ideal artificial bone for repairing col apsed fractures of the tibial plateau.

Objective To establish a carrying system for space cellular experiment suitable for astronaut to carry out cellular experiments on Shenzhou-6 mission.Methods The cell carrying sample bag,sample box and sample box integrated package were designed.Primary cardiomyocytes and osteoblasts culture and ground model experiment in the simulated environment of space cabin were performed.With man-tended,the cellular experiment was carried out on the orbit.Results After 5 d space flight,the returned cell samples were analyzed.The results demonstrated that the system was of good safety,reliability and applicability,as well as satisfied the demands of analyzed samples.Conclusion After Shenzhou-6 space flight,it is showed that this system fits for small loading,multi-cells and man-tended carrying mission,and can satisfy the demand of the first man-tended space cellular experiments carried out on the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft.

BACKGROUND:Human hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha can regulate the expression of osteogenic and angiogenic genes, and promote osteogenic activity. OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of osteogenic genes in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells carrying human hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha slow virus infection. METHODS:Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha was obtained from Hela cells using RT-PCR. Lentivirus expression vector plasmid carrying hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (Lenti-HIF-1α-eGFP) was constructed. 293Ta cells with LentiPac HIV mixed packaging plasmid was packaged, and then lentivirus was obtained. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured using direct whole bone marrow adherent method. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were identified using flow cytometry. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were infected with slow virus for 1, 4, 7 and 14 days. Bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase expression levels were detected in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were effectively infected with Lenti-HIF-1α-eGFP. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR results revealed that bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase began to obviously overexpress from 4 days after infection with Lenti-HIF-1α-eGFP until 14 days. Results suggested that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha could elevate the osteogenic activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To explore renin expression in cytomegalovirus(CMV) infected juxtaglomerular cells(JG) and its biological significance. Methods JG model cell line As4.1 cells derived from kidney tissue were respectively incubated with murine CMV at multiplicities of infection(MOI) of 10, 0.1 and 0 for 5 d, and the control was mock infection with the same amount of ultraviolet inactive CMV as MOI 10, then the cells were harvested. CMV immediate early gene(IE1) mRNA in the cells was tested by RT-PCR. The renin positive cells and the renin fluorescence granules in the cells were examined by immunofluorescence stain. Whether or not re-nin antigen and CMV antigen were showed in the same cells by FITC and TRITC immunofluorescence. The renin gene expression in the cells was individually detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The cells infected by CMV showed typical cytopathic effect(CPE) and viral plaques in the cell monolayer. CMV IE1 mRNA was found in the viral infected cells by RT-PCR. The mass or ring granules of renin positive fluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm of the CPE cells. The renin positive cells congregated around the viral plaques. Renin positive granules and CMV positive granules showed in the same cells. Renin expression in the CMV infected cells exhibited in a dependent manner of ratio of infectious virus particles to cells. Conclusion CMV infection of the cells derived from kidney tissue induces renin expression related to a new pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.