Objective To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in patients with lower limb fracture.Methods 213 cases of peripherally inserted central venous catheter after deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity fractures from February 2014 to October 2016 in our hospital orthopedic surgery were retrospectively analyzed,according to whether patients with low molecular weight heparin were divided into two groups,which did not use low molecular weight heparin in patients with 104 cases as control group,using the low molecular weight heparin in 109 patients as study group,with seven days of treatment as the observation period, the blood rheology indexes of the two groups of patients and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis were analyzed.Results After treatment, the blood viscosity, fibrinogen, and plasma D-dimer levels of the whole blood decreased in both groups, and the levels of plasma D-dimer were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05);the plasma viscosity of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05).After treatment,the recurrence rate of deep venous thrombosis in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05 ); The effective rate of treatment group was 96.33%was significantly higher than the control group 76.92%(P<0.05);study group incidence of adverse reactions 1.83%was significantly lower than the control group 7.69%( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Low molecular weight heparin can effectively improve the indexes of Hemorheology in patients with lower limb fracture after central venous catheter puncture, reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis, and have a clear preventive effect.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum adiponectin (APN) concentration and insulin resistance(IR) in elderly pregnancy patients(GDM) with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods Data of 120 cases of elderly pregnancy patients with gestational diabetes mellitus admitted from Jan.2011 to Dec.2016 were retrospective analyzed.The relationship between serum APN concentration and IR was assayed.Healthy subjects and normal pregnancy patients in our Department were taken as the control.Results The concentration of APN was lower while the CysC,BNP,IGF1,IGF2 and IGFIR were higher in elderly pregnancy patients with gestational diabetes mellitus than those in the control group with a significant difference (P＜0.05).At the same time,Spearman analysis results showed that the serum APN was negatively related with IR while CysC,BNP,IGF1,IGF2 and IGFIR were positively related with IR (P＜0.05).Conclusion Theserumconcentrationofadiponectin and visfatin were negatively related with insulin resistance in elderly pregnancy patients with GDM.

Objective To respectively analyze the patterns and possible predictors of recurrent strokes among patients with initial ischemic stroke.Methods Three hundred and sixty-one patients with recurrent strokes (acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage) after initial ischemic strokes were collected from Jan 2004 to Dec 2009.The data about conventional risk factors such as smoking,heavy alcohol drinking,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,heart diseases,head trauma,migraine,family history of cardiovascular disease,and the use of preventive medications were collected and analyzed among patients with different types of recurrent strokes.Results Patients (n =361) were divided into ischemic stroke group (n =321) and hemorrhagic stroke group (n =40) according to the recurrent stroke type.The ischemic stroke group was further divided into the anterior circulation stroke subgroup (n =234),the posterior circulation stroke subgroup (n =75) and watershed cerebral infarction or multiple infarction subgroup (n =12).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age at initial stroke onset (OR =1.036,95 ％ CI 1.006-1.067,P =0.02) and hyperlipidemia (OR =2.253,95 ％ CI 1.092-4.647,P =0.028) were both the independent risk factors for the recurrent ischemic stroke.Comparing the subgroups,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that atrial fibrillation (OR =4.217,95％ CI 1.489-11.942,P =0.007) was the independent risk factor for the recurrent ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation territory.Conclusion Aging and hyperlipidemia are possible predictors of recurrent ischemic stroke after the initial ischemic stroke which would be useful for individualized secondary prevention of stroke.

Objectives To identify the prevalence and risk factors that were associated with poststroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)among a large cohort of consecutive ischemic stroke patients.Methods 526 consecutive patients.who had suffered from ischemic stroke 3 months ago were recruited in this study. Patients were classified as having no cognitive impairment(NCI),cognitive impairment but no dementia (CIND)and vascular dementia(VaD)according to their cognitive function.They were also categorized as with subcortical ischemic vascular diseases(SIVD)or cortical ischemic vascular diseases(CIVD)with neuroimaging findings.Their demographic data.vascular risk factors and stroke characteristics were also dacumented.Results The overall prevalence of PSCI(CIND+VaD)Was 36.7%.Compared with the NCI subjects.PSCI SObjects were older,more dominant femininely,less educated,with more cases of right hemi-paralysis and higher depression scores.but did not have more specific vascular risk factor.Separately,VaD patients demonstrated lower economic level,less spouse-caring,more prevalence of dysphasia,hisher rate of incontinence and more cases with CIVD.while CIND patients had more cases with SIVD.The VaD patients had more cortical lesions and lower depression scores than the CIND patients.On logistic regression analysis,older age,female gender,lower economic level,dysphasia,SIVD,CIVD and hisher depression scores were independent risk factors for PSCI.ConclusionPSCI is common among ischemic stroke patients and related to demographic factors.stroke types,and depression.

Objective　To investigate the biological characteristics of the serine protease inhibitor 15 (RmS-15) protein of Rhipicephalus microplus, and to perform molecular cloning and prokaryotic expression. Methods RmS-15 gene was amplified and sequenced to construct a phylogenetic tree to understand its evolutionary relationships. Bioinformatic tools were used to analyze the physicochemical properties, signal peptide, secondary and tertiary structure of the RmS-15 protein. In addition, DNA star and ABCpred were used to predict potential B-lymphocyte antigenic epitopes of RmS-15 protein, and potential T-lymphocyte antigenic epitopes were predicted by SYF-PEITHI and IEDB. Finally, the RmS-15 recombinant protein of Rhipicephalus microplus was obtained using the E.coli prokaryotic expression system and purified. Results The RmS-15 gene with 1 212 bp was successfully amplified, encoding a protein comprising 403 amino acids. Phylogenetic tree results indicated high conservation of the RmS-15 protein among different tick amino acid sequences, with the closest phylogenetic relationships to the Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and the Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The results of physicochemical property analysis showed a 20-amino acid signal peptide at the N-terminus of the RmS-15 protein, with a relative molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of 44 000 and 6.68, respectively. The protein showed an average hydrophilicity of 0.001, classifying it as a stably hydrophilic protein. The results of antigenicity analysis showed that the dominant fragments of B-cell antigenic epitopes of RmS-15 protein were 102-112 aa,147-152 aa and 207-215 aa, and the dominant fragments of T-cell antigenic epitopes were 3-11 aa, 6-14 aa, 27-33 aa, 34-37 aa. Protein expression results showed that RmS-15 protein exhibited high expression levels in the supernatant after induction with 0.8 mmol/L IPTG at 16 ℃ for 24 hours and reached a successful purification with a single band of the protein molecular weight of 44 000. Conclusions The method of prokaryotic expression and purification of RmS-15 protein from Rhipicephalus microplus was successfully established. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated its strong antigenicity, suggesting its potential to develop as a candidate vaccine for ticks.

Objective· To investigate the association between neck circumference (NC) and cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged and elderly people without diabetes in Jiading District in Shanghai.Methods· A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4 657 nondiabetic inhabitants aged 40 and above in Jiading District,Shanghai from August 2014 to July 2015.Clinical information collection,anthropometric measurements,and biochemical analyses were performed.The objects were divided into 4 groups according to the quartiles of NC in order to analyze association between NC and cardiovascular risk factors.Results· With increase of NC,the prevalences of abdominal obesity,insulin resistance,hypertension,and dyslipidemia all increased as well as waist circumference,body mass index (BMI),blood pressure,lipid profile,fast blood glucose,and HOMA-IR level (all Ptrend ＜0.01).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals in Q2,Q3 and Q4 group had significantly higher risk of abdominal obesity,insulin resistance,hypertension,and dyslipidemia compared with those in Q1 group after age,sex,smoking,drinking,physical activity,BMI,waist circumference,systolic blood pressure,C-reactive protein,fast blood glucose,and lipid profile were corrected (all Ptrend ＜0.01).Conclusion· NC is positively and independently correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and elderly nondiabetic people in Jiading District in Shanghai.

Objective To analyze the association of elevated carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)with low-grade albuminuria in a community-based population. Methods A total of 10 375 participants aged 40 years or older were recruited using cluster sampling from Jiading district, Shanghai. Standardized questionnaires were adopted to collect information on health status and lifestyles. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and blood pressure, and biochemical tests for blood and urine were performed. CIMT was detected by B-mode ultrasound examinations. 9 523 subjects were included for final analysis. All these subjects were divided into 4 groups according to sex-specific urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ( UACR ) quartiles. CIMT≥upper decile of the population was defined as elevated CIMT and low-grade albuminuria was defined as UACR≥sex-specific upper quartile. The relationship between UACR and CIMT was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of elevated CIMT in this population aged 40 years or older with albuminuria in normal range was 21. 44%. Comparing to participants without elevated CIMT, those with elevated CIMT showed higher level of UACR (4. 79 vs 4. 51 mg/g, P<0. 01). The metabolic status was deteriorated with the increment of UACR level. The prevalences of elevated CIMT were 18. 99%, 19. 24%, 20. 20%, and 27. 33% from the lowest to highest UACR quartile, respectively(Ptrend<0. 01). After adjusting for some conventional cardiovascular risk factors, multiple logistic regression revealed that compared with the participants in the lowest quartile of UACR, those in the highest quartile had a 1. 25-fold risk of elevated CIMT. Conclusions This study shows that low-grade albuminuria is positively associated with elevated CIMT, independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and elderly adults.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of BRAF V600E mutation combined with shear wave elastography(SWE) for thyroid nodules of Bethesda Ⅲ diagnosed by fine-neddle aspiration(FNAC). Methods: One hundred and seventeen thyroid nodules diagnosed as Bethesda Ⅲ in the department of ultrasound and confirmed by BRAF V600E gene detection, SWE examination and surgery were collected. BRAF V600E detection, SWE examination and both combined with pathological results were using to retrospective analysis. Results: There were 75 benign nodules and 42 malignant nodules according to pathology. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of BRAF V600E combined with SWE were higher than single BRAF V600E mutation detection and SWE with statistically significant(P=0.01, 0.001; P=0.029, 0.01, respectively). There were no statistically differences between single BRAF V600E mutation detection and SWE for Bethesda Ⅲ nodules(P=0.483, 0.645). Conclusions BRAF V600E mutation detection combined with SWE can improve the sensitivity and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of Bethesda Ⅲ thyroid nodules.

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative disease in which damage to the corneal nerves leads to corneal hypoesthesia and even blindness.Traditional NK treatments aim at supporting corneal healing and preventing progression of corneal damage.In recent years, corneal neurotization has made some progress in NK.Compared with traditional treatment, it can not only solve the problem of corneal nerve defect, and avoid the subsequent keratopathy, but also significantly restore corneal sensitivity, corneal epithelium and vision.Corneal neurotization surgery methods are mainly divided into direct corneal neurotization (DCN) and inderect corneal neurotization (ICN).At present, this surgical method has gradually been used clinically, and has achieved satisfactory effects on unilateral NK caused by herpes virus and neuroma, as well as bilateral NK.However, it is little known about the surgical treatment of NK caused by dry eye, diabetes, and chronic glaucoma.In the future, multi-center prospective randomized studies can be conducted to further improve the treatment of NK with other causes.This article introduces this new surgical technique from three aspects, the specific surgical procedures of corneal neurotization, the selection of surgical methods, and the timing of the operation.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the associations between adipose tissue distribution and risks of macro-vascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods The study included T2DM patients either previously diagnosed by questionnaire or newly diagnosed with fasting plasma glucose(FPG)≥7. 0 mmol/L and/or 2 hour postprandial glucose ( 2h PG )≥11. 1 mmol/L from residents older than 40 years from Jiading Community, Shanghai, China(n=10 375). Each participant had gone through anthropometric measurements, blood tests, vascular function tests including carotid intima-media thickness ( CIMT ) , ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) , branchial-ankle pulse wave velocity( baPWV) as well as carotid plaques. Results WHR quartiles was significantly associated with high risks for ten-year cardiovascular disease risks [ ASCVD high risk: OR:1. 17 ( 1. 05-1. 31 );Framingham high risk:1. 13(1. 00-1. 29)]. However, WHR has no significant relations with risks of increased carotid intima-media thickness( CIMT) , abnormal ankle-brachial index( ABI) , increased brachial ankle pulse wave velocity( baPWV) or carotid plaques. Conclusions In type 2 diabetic patients, abdominal adipose tissue has an independent role in high risk for ten-year cardiovascular diseases. However it has no relations with other vascular functions including increased CIMT, abnormal ABI, increased baPWV, or carotid plaque.