Objective It describes procedures for designing an analyzing a method comparison experiment for serum albumin(ALB) assay and determining the relative bias between two methods using split patient samples.Method According to the procedure described by the NCCL approved guideline: method comparison and bias estimation using patient samples; 40 patient samples were analyzed in 5 operating days, analyze each patient sample in duplicate using both BCG and BCP method. The duplicates were assessed for each method within the same run. The coefficient of correlation was calculated as well as the bia between the methods.Results In the patient′s serum sample, the bias between BCG and BCP methods were 1.8% at 50g/L or 5.5% at 40 g/L or 11.6% at 30 g/L for albumin. In the commercial quality control serum products, the bias between the two methods varied up to 36%.Conclusion In determination of the patient′s ALB, the bias between BCG and BCP goes up when the concentration of ALB is decreased. But the bias between the two methods varies up to 36% when the quality control serum is determined.

Objective To investigate the application and needs' survey of mobile App health software in the patients with respiratory chronic disease. To make mobile App health software development more targeted and practical in the near future. To provide the foundation for continuous nursing service. Methods A survey research method was adopted in which self-designed questionnaires were administered to 163 patients with respiratory chronic disease from respiratory ward and outpatient clinic. Results Totally 119(73.0%) patients used smartphone, the mean score of experience in using mobile phones was (32.4 ± 14.1), which was in the medium range. There were 80 patients had ever installed and used this kind of App. The frequency of use of mobile App health software was Breathing Exercises App, Healthy Exercise App, Healthy Diet App and Medicine Remind App. The major reason for using of these App was disease prevention, self health care, disease and health monitoring and rehabilitation exercises. There were 120 patients would like to install App health software specific to respiratory chronic disease. They hope the characters of these App were simple operated, practical and without product placement. These App health software should include following function:timely feedback and guidance, providing practical method and help to register. Conclusion Most patients with respiratory chronic disease had the hardware basis and experience basis of using mobile App health software. More targeted and practical mobile App health software for the patients with respiratory chronic diseases should be developed to provide the foundation for continuous nursing service and patient′s self-management.

Objective To construct home-based rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on functional physical fitness index.Methods Through literature search,case review and the daily needs,disease characteristics,physical fitness and other core indicators of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,the first draft of home rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was con-structed.The expert consultation questionnaire was prepared,and 12 experts related to respiratory and rehabilitation were selected through group discussion,and two rounds of expert consultation were conducted.Results The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 83.3％for both rounds,with an expert authority coefficient of 0.90.The home-based rehabilitation nursing program consists of four primary indicators,eleven secondary indicators,and thirty-three terti-ary indicators.Conclusion The home-based rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease constructed based on functional physical fitness is feasible,sci-entific and innovative,which can provide theoretical basis for clinical application.

Objective? To understand the knowledge of influenza among inpatients before health education and intervention using the sensitive indicators in nursing outcomes. Methods? Using convenience sampling method, 400 inpatients from November 2018 to February 2019 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital were selected as the research objects. Referring to the two outcomes indicators of "knowledge: disease process" and"knowledge: control of infection" in the Classification System of Nursing Outcomes, a Knowledge Questionnaire on Influenza Susceptibility Indicators of Inpatients was developed to investigate and analyze influenza sensitive indicators. A total of 392 valid questionnaires were collected. Results? The 392 patients' scoring rate of Knowledge Questionnaire on Influenza Susceptibility Indicators of Inpatients was 48.1%. There was no significant difference in Knowledge Questionnaire on Influenza Susceptibility Indicators of Inpatients scores among patients of different ages, gender, educational background, living environment and occupation (P＞0.05), all of them had low scores. In the single analysis, there were statistically significant differences in the scores of "influenza symptoms and signs" among patients of different ages, gender, educational background, living environment and occupations (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the knowledge of "influenza transmission mode" among patients living in different environments (P＜ 0.05). Compared with the two dimensions of "disease process" and "infection control", the score of "disease process" was higher than that of "infection control", and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01). Conclusions The situation of understanding sensitive indicators of flu in the inpatients is not very well, the evaluation based on nursing outcome sensitive indicators can help medical staff to understand the inpatients' real status on flu-related knowledge, self-protection awareness, and behaviour and to provide reference of the following health education and prevention management.

Objective To construct home-based rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on functional physical fitness index.Methods Through literature search,case review and the daily needs,disease characteristics,physical fitness and other core indicators of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,the first draft of home rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was con-structed.The expert consultation questionnaire was prepared,and 12 experts related to respiratory and rehabilitation were selected through group discussion,and two rounds of expert consultation were conducted.Results The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 83.3％for both rounds,with an expert authority coefficient of 0.90.The home-based rehabilitation nursing program consists of four primary indicators,eleven secondary indicators,and thirty-three terti-ary indicators.Conclusion The home-based rehabilitation nursing program for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease constructed based on functional physical fitness is feasible,sci-entific and innovative,which can provide theoretical basis for clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo establish the method of promoting human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation by polysaccharide of snakegourd root and identify the effects of polysaccharide of snakegourd root on lymphocyte proliferation, T lymphocyte subsets and the different levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6.

METHODThe polysaccharide of snakegourd root preparations were purified with dialysis and ethanol precipitation. The healthy human PBMC were used as the target cells for screening potency of the drugs. MTT colorimetry was established to examine the levels of lymphocyte proliferation on human PBMC by polysaccharide of snakegourd root in vitro. The percents of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocyte) and the different levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in PBMC were analysed by FCM and ELISA, respectively.

RESULT1.0-50.0 mmol x L(-1) of polysaccharides of snakegourd root showed the significant effects of promoting proliferation of human PBMC (P < 0.05). The percents of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes in PBMC treated with 5.0 and 10.0 mmol x L(-1) of polysaccharides of snakegourd root were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were significantly higher than those of the control group after 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mmol x L(-1) of polysaccharides of snakegourd root stimulation on the human PBMC at 8 hours (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe significant effects on promoting lymphocyte proliferation and activation of the polysaccharide of snakegourd root are confirmed in this study. The percents of lymphocyte subsets are increased in different degrees by the polysaccharide of snakegourd root. The high levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 are secreted after the polysaccharides of snakegourd root stimulation on the human PBMC, which lays a foundation for further elucidating the immunocompetence effects and mechanism of the polysaccharide of snakegourd root.

Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the measurement of creatinine in human serum based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS). Methods An isotopically labeled internal standard [<'2>H<,3>] creatinine was added to the serum sample and equilibrated with the endogenous creatinine. The samples were treated with anhydrous ethanol to remove proteins by precipitation. After being washed with chloroform for further clean-up, the samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Serum creatinine was quantified by a bracketing calibration. Results The within-run, between-run and total coefficients of variation ranged from 0.52% to 0.61%, 0.11% to 0.59% and 0.61% to 0.83%, and the averages were 0.57%, 0.43% and 0.73%, respectively. The analytical recoveries ranged from 99.09% to 101.13% with an average of 100.3%.The results of analyzing the certified reference material SRM 909b (Level Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and SRM 967b showed biases of less than 0.4%. Conclusions An ID-LC/MS/MS method for measuring serum creatinine has been developed. The method is highly precise and accurate and may be used as a candidate reference method for serum creatinine measurements.

Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the measurement of urea in human serum based on isotope dilution/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Methods [13C,15N2]Urea used as internal standard Was added to the serum sample and equilibrated with endogenous nonlabeled urea.The serum samples were treated with anhydrous ethanol to emove proteins by precipitation.The serum urea and labeled urea were converted into a trimethylsilyl derivative of 2-hydroxypyrimidine and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system with selected ion monitoring.The concentration of serum ureaWas calculated by the theory of bracketing method.Results The average value of within-run oefficient of vailation(CV),between-run CV and total CV of the procedure were 0.38%(ranged from 0.12%to 0.47%),O.62%(ranged form 0.49% to 0.87%)and 0.73%(ranged from 0.51% to 0.93%).Respectively.The analytical recoveries ranged from 99.37% to 100.95%.The resuhs of analyzing the certified refefence material SRM909b(Level Ⅰand Ⅱ)showed a bias less than 0.2%.Conclusion The procedure for measuring urea in serum is a highly accurate and precise method and can be used as a candidate reference method for serum urea assays.

Objective To evaluate the matrix effect of processed materials in serum total glycerol measurement and to assess the accuracy of routine test systems.Methods With an isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method as the comparative method，matrix effects of 28 processed materials on 8 routine test systems were evaluated ccording to the NCCLS EP 14 protocol.The processed materials and 20 flesh patient specimens were analyzed with both the comparative method and each of the evaluated methods and results obtained with the two methods were plotted.Two-tailed 95% prediction intervals for the mean of the flesh patient specimen were computed and results on the processed aterials were compared with these intervals for evaluation of matrix effect.Results with the two methods on fresh samples were also compared for assessment of the accuracy of the routine test systems.Results Some of the processed samples showed matrix effects on some of the routine test systems.The observed matrix effects were system-specific and aused either positive or negative biases.Calibration biases were also observed on some test systems.Conclusion Matrix effect and calibration bias have been observed in serum total glycerol measurements.Continued efforts are needed for improving the accuracy of serum total glycerol measurements.

Objective To evaluate the matrix effects in serum urea measurements of external quality assessment(EQA)materials and commercial reference materials(calibrators or controls)on enzymatic methods and to verify the trueness of the enzymatic methods.Methods The Clinical and Laboratory Stadards Institute(CLSI)EP 14-A2 protocol was used for the evaluation of matrix effect.An isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry method was used as the comparative method.Twenty five fresh patient serum samples,15 EQA materials and 13 calibrators or controls were analyzed with 7 enzymatic methods (evaluated methods)and the comparative method and results were processed according to the protocol. The trueness of the evaluated methods were also assessed by comparing the fresh sample results obtained with the evaluated and comparative methods.Results Eight of 15 EQA materials and 3 of 13 calibrators or controls showed no matrix effects on all the 7 routine methods.One processed sample showed matrix effect on all the routine methods.Method dependent matrix effects of other materials were observed on other materials.Calibration biases were also observed on some enzymatic methods.Conclusions Matrix effects and calibration bias have been observed in serum urea measurements.Continued efforts are needed for improving the accuracy and the comparability of serum urea measurements.