[Objective] To analyse the constituents of Viscum ovalifolium DC. [Methods] The chemical constituents of Viscum ovalifolium DC were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, purified by crystallization and identified by spectroscopy method. [Results] Lupeol acetate, ?-amyrin and oleanolic acid were isolated and identified. [Conclusion] Lupeol acetate, ?-amyrin and oleanolic acid are isolated from Viscum ovalifolium DC for the first time.

Objective To study the influence of Yin-nourishing Qi-tonifying and blood-activating recipe(养阴益气活血方) on anticoagulation and fabrinolysis of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC).Methods Yin-nourishing Qi-tonifying blood-activating recipe was composed of three equal proportions of Radix Rehmanniae(生地黄),Radix Astragali(黄芪) and Rhizoma Chuanxiong(川芎);blood-activating recipe(活血方)contains Rhizoma Chuanxiong only.Serology pharmacology method was used to observe the effects of Yin-nourishing Qi-tonifying and blood-activating recipe on anticoagulation and fabrinolysis of cultured endotheliocytes of human umbilical vein.Results Compared with control group,both Yin-nourishing Qi-tonifying blood-activating and blood-activating recipes could obviously increase the content of 6-keto-prostacyclin 1?(6-keto-PGF1?) in HUVEC((412.5?42.7)ng/L and(231.7?30.1)ng/L vs.(137.6?13.5)ng/L),promote the activity of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA)((0.920?0.072)kU/L and(0.679?0.062)kU/L vs.(0.516?0.052)kU/L),and inhibit the activity of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI)((0.622?0.071)kAU/L and(0.851?0.085)kAU/L vs.(0.934?0.076)kAU/L),decrease the content of endothelin(ET)((35.7?4.9)ng/L and(46.8?5.1)ng/L vs.(58.6?6.2)ng/L),and increase the content of nitrogen monoxide(NO)((21.68?2.26)mmol/L and(15.15?1.73)mmol/L vs.(8.67?1.24)mmol/L) of cultured HUVEC(P

Objective To investigate the potential role of human cytomegalovirus lower matrix phosphoprotein 65 (HCMV pp65) in murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods The prokaryotic vector pET-28b and eukaryotic vector pcDNA 3.0 were constructed to express the HCMV pp65 protein.All the C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with pp65 eukaryotic vector intramuscularly five times at 2-week intervals and then were bled via the retro-orbital vein.Subsequently,indirect ELISA was used to evaluate the concentration of anti-pp65 IgG,anti-dsDNA and ANA.At the same time,IL-1 b,IL-6,and TNF-α were determined by competitive ELISA.Results The early onset of autoantibodies and an overexpression of IL-6 were observed in immunized male C57BL/6 mice.Conclusion HCMV pp65 triggers the deregulation of humoral immunity in C57BL/6 mice,which indicates that the immune responses induced by HCMV pp65 may be involved in the development of SLE.

【Objective】The chemical constituents of Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.were studied to screen the constituents with antitumor activity.【Methods】Chromatography was used for the isolation and purification of chemical constituents of Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata..And their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and physiochemical properties.Meanwhile,the in-vitro antitumor activities of two kinds of triterpenoids and one kind of sitosterol were investigated.【Results】Four compounds were isolated from Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.and their structures were identified as genkwanin(1),?-amyrin acetate(2),erythrodiol(3) and ?-sitosterol(4).Compounds 2 and 3 had an inhibitory effect on mice sarcoma 180(S180),Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC) and ascties hepatoma(HeAP),and compound 4 had an inhibitory effect on mice S180 and EAC,their half-inhibitory concentrations being less than 400??g/mL.【Conclusion】Compounds 1～4 are isolated from Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.for the first time,and compound 1 is isolated from Loranthaceae for the first time.Triterpenoids and steroids from Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.exert certain antitumor activity.

OBJECTIVETo explore permeability of artificial blood-brain barrier (aBBB) by oxygen-glucose deprivation combined (OGD)-induced using tetramethylpyrazine combined with puerarin in vitro.

METHODRats were divided into normal control group, model group, tetramethylpyrazine group, puerarin group, tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group and nimodipine group. Culture rat brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes in vitro and build the OGD-induced aBBB damage model. Evaluate aBBB damage characteristics by TEER, gamma-GT, AKP and LDH. Determine contents of tetramethylpyrazine, puerarin, nimodipine and calculate drug permeating concentration of OGD-induced aBBB model by HPLC.

RESULTCompared with the model, the level of TEER was lower than the control group with significant difference (P < 0.01). The levels of gamma-GT, AKP in tetramethylpyrazine group, tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group and nimodipine group were higher than the model group, the differences were significant (P < 0.01). Compared with tetramethylpyrazine group or puerarin group, the level of AKP of tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group increased significantly (P < 0.01). The differences of levels of TEER, gamma-GT, AKP and LDH between tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group and nimodipinthe group were significant (P < 0.05). Tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group has a synergistic effect of increasing TEER, gamma-GT, AKP and reducing LDH. The permeating rate in tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin group was higher than tetramethylpyrazine group and puerarin group.

CONCLUSIONTetramethylpyrazine-puerarin can permeate aBBB more easily and protect aBBB. The cause may relate to reducing the permeability of the OGD-induced aBBB.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Glucose ; physiology ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Oxygen ; physiology ; Permeability ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of polydatin on dynamic changes of excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid and water content of brain tissue of cerebral hemorrhage rats. And to discuss the therapeutic action and mechanisms of polydatin on brain hemorrhagic injured rats.

METHODA quantitative determination method of Asp and Glu was established by microdialysis-HPLC. The cerebral hemorrhage model in rats was induced by local injection of type VII collagenase. The dynamic changes of Asp and Glu in cerebrospinal fluid were observed on 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108 h of cerebral hemorrhage rats, and then the water content of brain tissue was detected.

RESULTThe content of Asp and Glu increased rapidly within 24 h after cerebral hemorrhage, and to the highest in 24 h, then decreased gradually. Compared with the cerebral hemorrhage model group, the content of Asp and Glu increased slowly in polydatin group, and there were significant differences in 12-72 h and 6-84 h (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference after 84 h and 96 h. Compared with sham group, water content of brain tissue significantly higher in model group, while significantly lower (P < 0.01) in polydatin group.

CONCLUSIONPolydatin can inhibit increasing content of Asp and Glu in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and significantly inhibit cerebral edema of cerebral hemorrhage rats. It shows that the mechanisms of anti-cerebral hemorrhage injury of polydatin may be related to increasing of excitatory amino acids after cerebral hemorrhage.

Animals ; Aspartic Acid ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; cerebrospinal fluid ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Glucosides ; therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of the different combinations of the main active parts in Yangyintongnao granule on the pharmacokinetics parameters of the two active components--ligustrazine and puerarin using the method of total amount statistic moment for pharmacokinetics.

METHODCombinations were formed according to the dosages of the four active parts (alkaloid, flavone, saponin, naphtha) by orthogonal experiment L9 (3(4)). Blood concentrations of ligustrazine and puerarin were determinated by HPLC at different time. Zero rank moment (AUC) and one rank moment (MRT, mean residence time) of ligustrazine and puerarin have been worked out to calculate the total amount statistic moment parameters was analyzed of Yangyintongnao granule by the method of the total amount statistic moment. The influence of different compatibilities on the pharmacokinetics parameters was analyzed by orthogonal test.

RESULTFlavone has the strongest effect than saponin on the total AUC. Ligustrazine has the strongest effect on the total MRT. Saponin has little effect on the two parameters, but naphtha has more effect on both of them. It indicates that naphtha may promote metabolism of ligustrazine and puerarin in rat.

CONCLUSIONTotal amount statistic moment parameters can be used to guide for compatibilities of TCM.

Animals ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Yinhua Pinggan granule of Qingjie Xuantou lung defense prescription in the treatment of patients with upper respiratory tract infection accompanied by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome of pathogen stagnated in lung-defense phase and to explore the best effective dose.Methods A randomized double blinded, positive drug parallel controlled and multicentric clinical trial was conducted, 270 patients with upper respiratory infection were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, and Fujian Province Institute of TCM, after screening only 242 cases were consistent with the criteria of enrollment into the Per-Protocol Set (PPS) population, and they were divided into three groups: high dose observation group (82 cases), low dose observation group (79 cases) and control group (81 cases). The high and low dose observation groups were treated with Yinhua Pinggan granule (5 g per bag), high dose means once 1 bag orally taken 3 times a day, low dose indicates once 1 bag taken twice a day; the control group was treated with Yinqiao Jiedu granule (5 g per bag) once 1 bag, 3 times a day; the curative effects of the above groups were all evaluated after consecutive oral administration of the drug respectively for 1 therapeutic course (3 days). The main efficacy evaluation indexes included the TCM syndrome total score and the total score of main symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection; the secondary efficacy evaluation indexes included the situations of patients with different scores of main symptoms of fever and chills, and of disappearance of TCM symptoms; the clinical comprehensive therapeutic effect and the changes of proportion of neutrophils were observed and the safety of drugs was evaluated.Results In PPS population, after treatment the TCM syndrome total score and the total score of main symptoms in the control group and the high and low dose observation groups were all significantly lower than those before treatment, on the 3rd day statistical significant differences were shown (4.4±3.9 vs. 15.5±4.6, 3.7±3.2 vs. 15.0±4.3, 3.0±2.7 vs. 15.2±3.9, 2.8±2.6 vs. 9.7±2.7, 2.3±2.1 vs. 9.5±2.5, 2.0±1.9 vs. 9.6±2.4, respectively, all P < 0.01). After treatment for 1 day, the numbers of patients with 6 score in the control group and the high and low dose observation groups were reduced significantly compared with those before treatment in main symptoms of fever with chills (7 vs. 32 cases, 6 vs. 31 cases, 4 vs. 28 cases, respectively); 3 days after treatment, compared with those before treatment, the numbers of patients with main symptoms of fever with chills score being 0 were significantly increased in the above three groups (65, 73, 77 cases vs. 0 cases, respectively), the numbers of patients with the score being 3 were significantly decreased (16 vs. 47 cases, 5 vs. 46 cases, 5 vs. 52 cases, respectively); the control and high dose observation group had no patients with the score being 6, there was only 1 case with the score being 6 in the low dose observation group. The results showed that the treatments of high and low dose observation groups and the control group all could alleviate the clinical symptoms, and the changes of numbers of patients with the scoresbeing 0 and 3 in high and low dose groups were more significant than those in the control group (respectively 73, 77 vs. 65 cases, 5, 5 vs. 16 cases, allP < 0.05), showing that the antipyretic effect of Yinhua Pinggan granule was superior to that of the Yinqiao Jiedu granule. The disappearance rates of fever with chills symptoms in high and low dose observation groups were significantly higher than that in the control group [respectively 93.9% (77/82), 92.4% (73/79) vs. 80.2% (65/81), allP < 0.05]. The TCM syndrome cure and obvious effect rate and effective rate in high and low dose observation groups were higher than those in the control group [respectively 87.80% (72/82), 79.75% (63/79) vs. 74.07% (60/81) and 98.78% (81/82), 96.20% (76/79) vs. 96.30% (78/81)]; the cure and marked effective rate and effective rate of controlling symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in high and low dose observation groups were higher than those in the control group [respectively 78.05% (64/82), 74.68% (59/79) vs. 65.43% (78/81) and 98.78% (81/82), 96.20% (76/79) vs. 96.30% (78/81)], comparisons of efficacy among the three groups possessed clinical practical significance, but the differences were not statistically significant (allP > 0.05). The percentages of neutrophils in high and low dose observation groups and control group were significantly lower than those before treatment (respectively 0.61±0.08 vs. 0.63±0.08, 0.62±0.08 vs. 0.64±0.08, 0.61±0.09 vs. 0.64±0.09, allP < 0.05). Yinhua Pinggan granule was safe in the prescribed course of treatment and range of therapeutic dose.Conclusions Yinhua Pinggan granule is a safe and effective drug in the treatment of patients with upper respiratory tract infection accompanied by syndrome of pathogen stagnated in lung-defense phase.

Ischemic stroke(IS)is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease.Despite years of studies,effective strategies for the diagnosis,management and treatment of stroke are still lacking in clinical practice.Metabolomics is a growing field in systems biology.It is starting to show promise in the identification of biomarkers and in the use of pharmacometabolomics to help patients with certain disorders choose their course of treatment.The development of metabolomics has enabled further and more biological appli-cations.Particularly,metabolomics is increasingly being used to diagnose diseases,discover new drug targets,elucidate mechanisms,and monitor therapeutic outcomes and its potential effect on precision medicine.In this review,we reviewed some recent advances in the study of metabolomics as well as how metabolomics might be used to identify novel biomarkers and understand the mechanisms of IS.Then,the use of metabolomics approaches to investigate the molecular processes and active ingredients of Chinese herbal formulations with anti-IS capabilities is summarized.We finally summarized recent developments in single cell metabolomics for exploring the metabolic profiles of single cells.Although the field is relatively young,the development of single cell metabolomics promises to provide a powerful tool for unraveling the pathogenesis of IS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and the evolution of pathogenesis in different stages of atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction （ATCI）. MethodsClinical data of 3088 ATCI patients from 8 hospitals in 6 provinces and cities were collected from the hospital information system during January 1， 2015 to December 31， 2019. After staging and counting clinical symptoms， common factors were extracted using the principal component analysis method in factor analysis. Cluster analysis was then carried out on the basis of the factor analysis. The results of the combination of the evidence element identification， cluster analysis and expert discussion were used to discuss the evidence of the different disease stages of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. ResultsOf the 3088 ATCI patients included， 2290 cases were in the acute phase and 798 in the non-acute phase. Excluding the main symptoms of ischaemic stroke， such as numbness and weakness of limbs， unfavourable movement， unfavourable speech and dizziness， we identified 84 indicators with a frequency ≥5% of the four diagnostic information variables. Of these， 36 indicators were observed in the acute phase and 35 in the non-acute phase. Factor analysis extracted 14 common factors from each phase. We selected factors with a loading coefficient ＞0.3 for evidence determination. These 14 groups of common factors were used as variables for clustering. After clustering， the acute， non-acute phase were each divided into 5 categories. Based on a combination of clinical practice and expert opinion， the symptoms identified in the acute period were syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin， syndrome of blockade of wind-phlegm-static blood （36.07%）， syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis （20.74%）， syndrome of upward disturbance of wind-fire （15.15%）， syndrome of stirring wind due to yin deficiency （9.43%）， and syndrome of spleen deficiency and liver hyperactivity （3.80%）. In the non-acute phase， the symptoms were qi and yin deficiency with syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis （45.49%）， syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin （20.05%）， syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis （16.42%）， spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome （8.52%）， and syndrome of hyperactivity of liver yang （4.89%）. ConclusionThe acute phase of AICI is mainly characterized by blood stasis， fire， internal wind， hyperactivity of yang， qi deficiency and yin deficiency， while the non-acute phase is characterized by yin deficiency， qi deficiency， blood stasis and qi stagnation. The main pathomechanism of ATCI involves deficiency of qi and yin， as well as obstruction of the channels by phlegm and blood stasis， and the fundamental pathomechanism is deficiency of qi and yin.