OBJECTIVETo explore the secondary correction demand rule for unilateral cleft lip patients.

METHODSThe population in parts of Henan province were investigated by census method. The unilateral cleft lip patients underwent the primary correction were selected and be photographed, and 100 patients were selected randomly into study. The subjective satisfaction for the patients' facial appearance was evaluated by three groups: Professional group(cleft lip and palate specialist), non-professional group (the hospital administrative staff), and family members of patients group. The facial symmetry rate was measured for the patients with consistent subjective evaluation.

RESULTSThe rate of facial symmetry and subjective evaluation was not convergence. The subjective evaluation disaffect rates of profes-sional and non-professional groups were higher than that in family members of patients group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe rate of facial symmetry is not the most suitable method to evaluate the demand of the secondary correction for unilateral cleft lip patients.

Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Humans

Paracetamol was used as a model drug in this study to investigate the synergetic effects of lipid coating and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion for masking the bitter taste of poorly soluble drugs. To control the concentration as low as possible of the free drug which produced a bitter taste, a kinetic model was established to calculate the drug distribution theoretically among the free drug in medium, lipid coated particles and molecular inclusion on the basis of the preparation and characterization of the lipid microspheres, so as to select the proper amount of beta-CD. Finally, the synergetic drug delivery systems were prepared and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), molecular simulation and the electronic tongue. As a result, the drug release rate constant (k) of the lipid microspheres coated with octadecanol was determined as 0.001 270 s(-1). Then, the synergetic drug delivery systems were prepared with the ratio of 6.74 : 1 (w/w) for beta-CD and paracetamol. The chemical shift values for the fingerprint peaks of paracetamol all increased and hydrogen bonds were formed between the oxygen on the phenolic hydroxyl group, the nitrogen on the imino in paracetamol and the hydrogens on the hydroxyl groups in beta-CD. The results tested by the electronic tongue indicated that the paracetamol, lipid microspheres, beta-CD inclusion and their mixture showed different taste characteristics, with the bitterness order of the synergetic drug delivery systems approximately lipid microspheres < beta-CD inclusion < paracetamol, which confirmed the synergetic taste masking effects of lipid coating and beta-CD molecular inclusion. In summary, the synergetic taste masking was jointly achieved through the retard of the drug release by the lipid coating and the inclusion of the free paracetamol by beta-CD through hydrogen bonds.

Objective:To investigate the value of combined detection of serum neurogranin (NG) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma.Methods:Ninety-seven patients with severe craniocerebral trauma from June 2018 to March 2020 in Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital were selected. According to the Glasgow outcome score (GOS), 97 patients were divided into good prognosis group (GOS>3 scores, 46 cases) and poor prognosis group (GOS ≤ 3 scores, 51 cases). The NG, HIF-1α, Glasgow coma score (GCS), acute physiology and chronic health status score Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) were compared between 2 groups. The independent risk factors of prognosis in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic efficacy of NG and HIF-1α on poor prognosis in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation between serum NG, HIF-1α and APACHE Ⅱ in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma was analyzed by Pearson analysis.Results:The GCS in good prognosis group was significantly higher than that in poor prognosis group: (6.50 ± 1.74) scores vs. (4.76 ± 0.78) scores, the NG, HIF-1α and APACHE Ⅱwere significantly lower than those in poor prognosis group: (696.98 ± 158.96) ng/L vs. (875.92 ± 188.52) ng/L, (34.72 ± 13.98) μg/L vs. (51.29 ± 14.17) μg/L and (15.69 ± 3.45) scores vs. (22.58 ± 6.45) scores, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the NG, HIF-1α, APACHEⅡ, GCS and type of craniocerebral trauma were independent risk factors on the prognosis in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma ( P<0.05 or<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the AUC of NG and HIF-1αNG and HIF-1α combined detection to assess the poor prognosis in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma was significantly higher than NG and HIF-1α alone detection (0.873 vs. 0.772 and 0.821, Z = 2.276 and 1.949, P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis result showed that APACHE Ⅱ was positive correlation with serum NG and HIF-1α in severe craniocerebral trauma patients with poor or good prognosis ( r = 0.852 and 0.889, P<0.01; r = 0.717 and 0.851, P<0.01). Conclusions:The combined detection of serum NG and HIF-1α can be used as an evaluation index for the prognosis in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma, which helps to determine the severity of craniocerebral trauma and has great value for clinical diagnosis and treatment.