Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; HIV ; physiology ; HIV Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Hepacivirus ; physiology ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study lipid-regulating action of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (TSG) from Polygonum multiflorum on experimental model hyperlipidemic rats.

METHODTSG 90 and 180 mg x kg(-10 x d(-1), atorvastatin mg kg(-1) x d(-1) and saline 2 mL x d(-1) were administered to hyperlipidemic rats. Groups of rats were determined and compared with those of saline group. The LDLR and HMGR mRNA expression were also detected.

RESULTTSG significantly reduced serum TC and LDL-C level and atherosclerosis index, increased the expression of LDLR in the liver cells.

CONCLUSIONTSG, which shows effects and mechanism in part like atorcastatin, is a major constituent with blood-lipid regulating effect of P. multiflorum and can be explored as a potent medication for hyperlipidemia. Effects on LDL-C and AI, as well as on gene expression of TSG were first reported.

Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Heptanoic Acids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; prevention & control ; Male ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Pyrroles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, LDL ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo assess the population genetic diversity and genetic structure and screen species-specific bands for identification of Changium smyrnioides and Chuanminshen violaceum.

METHODSeven wild populations of Changium smyrnioides and one cultivated population of Chuanminshen violaceum were studied by ISSR analysis. The population genetic diversity and population genetic structure were assessed by using POPGENE software.

RESULTA total of 152 ISSR markers were scored, among which 136 (90.8%) were polymorphic. The values of Gst tended to be high (mean Gst = 0.575). The level of genetic divesity of Changium smyrnioides (A = 1.272; P = 27.26%; I = 0.132; H = 0.087) was higher than that of Chuanminshen violaceum (A = 1.217; P = 21.7; I = 0.103; H = 0.067).

CONCLUSIONThe genetic variation of Changium smyrnioides is high and the majority of genetic variation occur among populations. Substantial genetic divergence is shown by cluster analysis (UPGMA) to befound between Changium smyrnioides and Chuanminshen violaceum at DNA level. In addition, one species-specific marker has been obtained in Chuanminshen violaceum. The phylogenetic relationship of two species has also been discussed.

Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Ecosystem ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Structures ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of folic acid on homocysteine (Hcy)-induced chemokine secretion and NADPH oxidase activity in human monocytes.

METHODSHuman monocytes from healthy volunteers were incubated with Hcy (100 micromol/L) with or without folic acid (5 micromol/L) for 24 h; MCP-1 and IL-8 were assessed by ELISA. DCFH-DA was added to monitor intracellular ROS production on confocal microscopy. A cytochrome c reduction assay was used to measure NADPH oxidase activity.

RESULTSThe Hcy-induced secretion of MCP-1 and IL-8 was significantly reduced by folic acid [(1.88 +/- 0.51) ng/ml vs. (4.36 +/- 0.72) ng/ml vs. (2.40 +/- 0.60) ng/ml and (4.9 +/- 1.9) ng/ml vs. (12.7 +/- 1.5) ng/ml vs. (7.2 +/- 1.9) ng/ml, all P < 0.05]. The Hcy-induced production of ROS was also significantly attenuated by folic acid. Moreover, the Hcy-induced NADPH oxidase activity increase was significantly inhibited by cotreatment with folic acid.

CONCLUSIONFolic acid may attenuate oxidative stress induced by Hcy by reducing NADPH oxidase activity in monocytes.

Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines ; secretion ; Folic Acid ; pharmacology ; Homocysteine ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; secretion ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Receptors, CCR2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between homozygous deletions and mutation of p16 gene and the carcinogenesis and progression of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa.

METHODSThirty buccal cancers, 10 leukoplakias and 8 buccal mucosas were involved. DNA was extracted from the tissues. PCR was used to analyses homozygous deletion of p16 gene. PCR-SSCP-DNA sequencing was performed to detect the point mutation of p16 gene. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of P16 protein.

RESULTSGene deletions and point mutations were not found in leukoplakia and normal buccal mucosa. Gene deletions were found in 7 samples out of 30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa (23.3%), while point mutations were found in 5 samples out of 30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa (16.7%). Sequencing analysis showed that 5 cases point mutations were missense mutations, occurred on exon 2. Three cases occurred in the same point, codon 99 (GAT --> AAT). The result of immunohistochemical stains showed that 11 out of 12 cases gene inactivation did not expressed P16 protein.

CONCLUSIONHomozygous deletion and point mutation of p16 were the main pattern of gene inactivation in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. There was a closely correlation between p16 gene inactivation and the carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mutation ; Point Mutation

This study was purposed to investigate the molecular basis of Rh DEL phenotype. Rh DEL phenotypes were identified by a serologic adsorption-elution method, the nucleotide sequences of ten RHD exons and exon-intron boundary regions were evaluated by a RHD gene-specific PCR-SSP (PCR-SSP, polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer) and sequencing. The results showed that out of 122 random Rh negative donors 35 Rh DEL phenotypes were identified through serologic method, including 6 RhCCdee (17.14%), 28 RhCcdee (80.00%), and 1RhCcdEe (2.86%). Sequence analysis indicated that all DEL phenotypes harbored a RHD 1227 G > A mutation in exon 9. D zygosity test revealed that 29 DEL phenotypes (28 RhCcdee and 1 RhCcdEe) had one RHD gene deleted, and 6 DEL phenotypes (6 RhCCdee) had homogenous RHD gene. It is concluded that RHD 1227A is an important genetic marker for Rh DEL phenotype in Zhejiang Han population.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Blood Donors ; China ; ethnology ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Exons ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics ; immunology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVEIn China, with the development of public health and medical treatment, accident became the first cause of death of children aged form 1 to 14 years, and poisoning became one of the main causes. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) on poisoning, and the pharmacokinetics of the poison during and after HP. The study was also to observe the effect of HP on blood cell and blood biochemistry, blood flow and dosage of heparin during HP in children.

METHODSThirty-five children with acute poisoning (including 26 boys and 9 girls aged from 10 months to 13 years, mean 3.35 +/- 2.50 years) were treated with HP for one to three times. Among them 12 children were treated with HP for two times and 4 children for three times. Two ml blood samples of 6 children with Fluoroacetamide (FAM) poisoning and 10 children with Tetramine (TET) poisoning were collected. The concentration of poison was measured by gas chromatography (GC).

RESULTSThe poisoning symptoms of all cases were relieved or alleviated obviously. In the end, 27 (77%) cases recovered and 6 (17%) cases improved, while 2 (6%) cases died of multi-organ failure (MOF). Clinical symptom happened again 6 - 24 hours after HP in 1 case with FAM poisoning and 3 cases with TET whose clinical symptoms were relieved during HP. The PLT, RBC counts and Hb decreased significantly after HP compared with pre-HP (P < 0.05), while WBC, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulim (GLO) after HP did not significantly change (P > 0.05). The FAM concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.030). The concentration of TET in the poisoned children also significantly decreased with the treatment (P = 0.001). The cleaning efficacy of HP was higher during the first hour than that during the second hour of HP. The concentration of poison rose again 2 - 6 hours after HP in 1 case with FAM poisoning and 3 cases with TET poisoning, but the level was lower compared with pre-HP level. The t(1/2) of FAM and TET with and without HP was (2.40 +/- 0.66) h, (15.60 +/- 8.22) h, (4.10 +/- 1.66) h and (67.01 +/- 48.42) h, respectively. The first dose of heparin was (0.54 +/- 0.15) mg/kg; then (0.20 +/- 0.06) mg/kg was added for every 30 minutes. The velocity of blood flow was (4.39 +/- 0.99) ml/min.

CONCLUSIONSThe t(1/2) of the poison was shortened, and the poison clearing was accelerated by HP. The HP is a safe and effective therapy in children. The concentration of poison in some patient may rise again 2 to 6 hours after HP temporarily. The charcoal HP cannot remove the poison that conjugated with plasma albumin and globulin. The charcoal HP can cause temporary reduction of platelet and erythrocyte. The dosage of heparin used in children was lower than that in adult.

Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Charcoal ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Multiple Organ Failure ; blood ; therapy ; Neonatology ; Poisoning ; blood ; therapy

OBJECTIVEIn the past the mortality and sequelae rate of the patients with severe fluoroacetamide (FAM) poisoning treated only with traditional remedies was high. During the recent ten years the authors treated children with severe FAM poisoning with charcoal hemoperfusion (HP) and achieved better results. However evidence was not sufficient to show that reduced mortality and sequelae rates were obtained from HP without traditional treatment because of lack of prospective randomized, controlled clinical studies. Thus, a dog model for FAM poisoning was designed in order to study the therapeutic effect, high-efficiency time of HP, the time of tissue-poisoning to release after HP, and to investigate the toxicokinetics of the poison in the course of treatment and after HP.

METHODFourteen dogs were given intraperitoneal FAM at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight. HP was performed on 9 poisoned dogs for 30 - 120 minutes post intoxication. Each procedure lasted for 4 hours. Blood samples of the 9 poisoned dogs were collected before HP and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 minutes during HP and 2, 6, 24 hours after HP. Blood plasma was separated from blood samples and stored at -20 degrees C. The concentration of the poison was measured by gas chromatography (GC). The clinical symptoms of all the dogs were observed for one day.

RESULTSThe FAM concentration (ng/ml) of blood samples in poisoned dogs before HP, and 60, 120, 180, 240 minutes during HP were 230.11 +/- 52.48, 184.56 +/- 62.57, 141.00 +/- 44.83, 126.78 +/- 61.04, 113.11 +/- 54.65 respectively. The differences were significant (chi(2) = 31.978, P < 0.0005). The dispersion count between pre-HP and HP for 1 was 45.55, between 1 h and 2 h was 43.56, between 2 h and 3 h was 14.22 and between 3 h and 4 h was 13.67. The values of FAM had declined by 38.7%, 45.0% and 50.8% respectively at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h of HP compared with pre-HP. The rate of cleaning efficacy of FAM of every hour during HP were 19.79%, 23.6%, 10.09% and 10.78% respectively during HP 1, 2, 3, 4 h. The cleaning efficacy of HP was high within 2 hours during HP. The concentration of FAM slightly rose again 6 h after HP. The level of FAM had declined at 24 hour after HP when compared with pre-HP level. The reduction rate of FAM level for every hour during HP was higher than that after HP (12.71% vs 0.27% - 2.22%). The t(1/2) of FAM with and without HP were (4.50 +/- 1.20) h and (49.60 +/- 10.56) h. All the 5 poisoned dogs not treated with HP died. However 6 poisoned dogs treated with HP kept alive after HP. Three dogs had frequent seizures again 4h after HP. After HP the charcoal container was washed by 0.9% saline and FAM could not be detected in the douche.

CONCLUSIONSCharcoal HP was an effective treatment for severe FAM poisoning. T(1/2) of the poison was shortened, and the poison clearing rate was accelerated by HP. The high-efficiency time of HP was 2 - 2.5 h. Activated charcoal can adsorb the poison vigorously, and return of blood to the body after HP by using 0.9% saline was feasible and safe.

Animals ; Charcoal ; therapeutic use ; Dogs ; Fluoroacetates ; poisoning ; Hemoperfusion ; methods ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Poisoning ; metabolism ; therapy ; Poisons ; toxicity ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; Treatment Outcome

To investigate the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) in rats and the tissue distribution of CPT-11 in mice after injection of irinotecan hydrochloride nanoparticles (CPT-11 NPs) via tail veins, separately, a LC-MS/MS method was established to determine the concentration of CPT-11 in whole blood of rats and in different tissues of mice. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of CPT-11 were compared after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs and CPT-11 solution. Compared with CPT-11 solution, the elimination half-life of CPT-11 was prolonged from 2.28 h to 3.95 h after the intravenous injection of CPT-11 NPs, and its AUC was 1.47 times than that of CPT-11 solution. After the injection of CPT-11 NPs in mice, the concentrations of CPT-11 loaded in CPT-11 NPs were significantly higher in the whole blood, colon and lungs than those in CPT-11 solution, but lower in the spleen, liver, kidney and heart, but the least in brain. CPT-11 NPs could improve CPT-11 's AUC, and help CPT-11 to reach long circulation activity.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between microsatellite alterations of RASSF1A gene and the development of cervical carcinoma, and HPV16 infection.

METHODSTwo sites of microsatellite polymorphism of RASSF1A gene were selected, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect the LOH and MSI of cervical tissues, and to detect the infection state of HPV16.

RESULTSThere were significant differences of LOH rates at the two sites between clinical stage and pathological grade (P < 0.05). Significant differences were noted between the cervical carcinomas with lymph node metastasis and those without lymph node metastasis in regard to their LOH and MSI at the two sites ( P < 0.05). The incidence of LOH of RASSF1A gene was higher in HPV16(+) than that in HPV16(-) ( P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe change of RASSF1A gene is a relatively late event in cervical carcinomas. The detection of the LOH and MSI of RASSF1A gene might be helpful to the early diagnosis and the screening of cervical carcinoma. It might also be useful for predicting the prognosis of cervical carcinoma. Infection of HPV16 and LOH of RASSF1A gene had reacted together in the development of cervical carcinoma.

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics