Objective To investigate the changes in plasma microRNA-126 and microRNA-1 in children with asthma exacerbation and its relationship with bronchial asthma.Methods From October 2012 to December 2013,48 children with asthma exacerbation from the Outpatient Department and the Inpatient Department in Houjie Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical College were enrolled in the study (asthma group).Meanwhile,52 healthy children wcre selected as the healthy control group.The expression levels of plasma microRNA-126 and microRNA-1 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR).The content of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The predictive value of microRNA-126 and microRNA-1 in plasma to bronchial asthma was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The relative expression levels of plasma microRNA-126 in the asthma group were upregulated compared with those in the healthy control group [7.36 (0.96-41.21) vs 3.68 (0.75-38.91),Z =3.135,P =0.038],and microRNA-1 relative expression levels in the asthma group were lower than those of the healthy control group [2.17 (0.18-26.97) vs 5.83 (0.82-39.62),Z =2.156,P =0.045].The content of IL-4 in asthma group was higher than those of the control group [(109.98 ± 74.58) ng/L vs (78.50 ± 75.82) ng/L,t =2.122,P =0.036],and the IFN-γ level in the asthma group was lower than those of the healthy control group [(70.49 ± 12.03) ng/L vs (77.03 ± 17.16) ng/L,t =2.270,P =0.025].In the plasma of patients with asthma exacerbation,the sensitivity of microRNA-126 and microRNA-1 was 85.42％ (41/48 cases)and 79.17％ (38/48 cases),respectively.The specificity of microRNA-126 and microRNA-1 in healthy controls was 78.85％ (41/52 cases) and 73.08％ (38/52 cases),respectively.The area under ROC curve of microRNA-126 and microRNA-1 was 0.919 (95％ CI 0.866-0.973),0.867 (95％ CI 0.796-0.939).Conclusions MicroRNA-126 is significantly elevated in plasma of children with asthma exacerbation.The plasma levels of microRNA-1 were significantly downregulated.These results suggest that microRNA-126 and microRNA-1 may be potential markers for the diagnosis of bronchial asthma.

Objective:To investigate effects of miR-503 on cisplatin sensitivity in BEL-7402 cells by targeting of bcl-2.Methods:MiR-503 and bcl-2 mRNA expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma cells were measured by real-time quantitative (qRT)-PCR;Bcl-protein level was detected by Western blot;miR-503 mimics were transiently transfected to the BEL-7402 cells by liposome transfection;potential target genes of miR-503 were predicted by Bioinformatics software;miR-503 potential targets were validated by dual luciferase activity;and the cell viability was measured by MTT assay.Results:MiR-503 level was down-regulated and Bcl-2 protein expression level was up-regulated in BEL-7402 cells compared with HL-7702 cells.MiR-503 could interact with bcl-2 and inhibit its expression.Cell vitality with miR-503 transfection was significantly reduced compared to that in the negative control.Conclusion:MiR-503 may enhance the sensitivity of BEL-7402 cells to cisplatin and inhibit the cell proliferation by targeting bcl-2.

AIMSome surfactants such as DSPE-PEG, Tween 80 and Brij 35 were used to modify the amphotericin B liposome, improve the stability, optimize the tissue distribution and decrease the toxicity of amphotericin B liposome.

METHODSThe amphotericin B liposome was prepared by the film-supersound method. The effects of cholesterol and amphotericin B on the encapsulation percentage were studied. The diameter, leakage percentage in phosphate buffer solution(PBS) and calf blood serum, and tissue distributions of amphotericin B liposome in the rat were determined.

RESULTSThe top encapsulation percentage of amphotericin B liposome is (91.2 +/- 1.6)%. After modification with DSPE-PEG, Tween 80 and Brij 35, the encapsulation percentages were improved, the average diameters were decreased and the stabilities were improved, the amphotericin B concentrations in the liver, spleen and kidney were decreased, and the amphotericin B concentrations in the brain were increased, especially in the AmB-L-Tween 80 group.

CONCLUSIONDSPE-PEG and Brij 35 could decrease the clearing of reticuroendothelial systems(RES) to the amphotericin B liposome and Tween 80 could facilitate the transporting of amphotericin B liposome into the brain.

Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Interactions ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; pharmacology ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Polysorbates ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surface-Active Agents ; pharmacology ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVE CYP2D is one of the most abundant subfamily of CYPs in the brain, especially in the cerebellum. Brain CYP2D is responsible for the metabolism of endogenous neurotransmitters such as tyramine and serotonin. Our previous studies have shown brain CYP2D can be regulated by exogenous and endogenous substances with tissue- specificity. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of cerebral CYP2D on the mice behavior and the regulatory mechanism of brain CYP2D by growth hormone. METHODS Mice received the stereotaxic injection with CYP2D inhibitor quinine in deep cerebellar nuclei of cerebellum. The animals were tested with rotarod apparatus, balance beam, water maze, elevated plus maze and open field. The changes in CYP2D22, PPARαand PPARγ in brain regions and liver were assayed in male growth hormone receptor knockout mice, SH-SY5Y cells and HepG2 cells. RESULTS The inhibition of cerebellum CYP2D significantly affected the spatial learning and exploring ability of mice. Compared with WT mice, CYP2D expression was lower in brain regions from GHR(-/- ) male mice; however, hepatic CYP2D level was similar. Pulsatile GH decreased PPARα mRNA level, and increased mRNA levels of CYP2D6 and PPARα in SH- SY5Y cells. In HepG2 cells, pulsatile GH resulted in decreases in PPARα and PPARγ mRNA levels, but not CYP2D6. PPARα inhibitor induced CYP2D6 mRNA and protein by 1.32-fold and 1.43-fold in SH-SY5Y cells. PPARγ inhibitor decreased CYP2D6 mRNA and protein by 74.76% and 40.93%. PPARα agonist decreased the level of CYP2D22 mRNA in liver and cerebellum, while PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone resulted in diametrically increases. The luciferase assay showed that PPARγ actived the CYP2D6 gene promoter while PPARα inhibited its function. Pulsatile GH declined the binding of PPARα with CYP2D6 promoter by 40%, promoted the binding of PPARγ with CYP2D6 promoter by approximate 60%. The levels of brain and liver PPARα expression in male GHR(-/- ) mice is obviously higher than those in WT mice. The level of PPARγ in male GHR(-/- ) mice was decreased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, while remained stable in the cerebellum and striatum; meanwhile, PPARγ was increased in the liver. CONCLUSION Brain CYP2D may be involved in learning and memory functions of central system. Masculine GH secretion altered the PPARs expression and the binding of PPARs to CYP2D promoter, leading to the elevated brain CYP2D in a tissue- specific manner. Growth hormone may specifically alter the metabolic and synthetic of important endogenous substances in the central nervous system (such as serotonin) through the specific regulation of brain CYP2D expression.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to study the sealing ability and the furcal appearance of repairing subpulpal wall perforation with resinous inlay.

METHODSFifty newly extracted human molars were randomly divided into three experiment groups (group A, group B, group C, 15 teeth each) and one control group (5 teeth). In experiment groups, perforations were made perpendicularly to the center of the pulp chamber floor. Perforations of group A and B were repaired with resinous inlay and sealed by AH Plus sealer and luting glass-ionomer, respectively. Perforations of group C were directly repaired using light-cure composite resin. Perforations were not made in five teeth of control group. The furcal appearances were evaluated under stereomicroscope after repairing. Microleakage was measured by glucose oxidase detection.

RESULTSThe fineness rate of furcal appearances with resinous inlay repairing were 83.3%, while the fineness rate of furcal appearances with light-cure composite resin directly repairing were 46.7%. There were statistics difference between resinous inlay repairing and light-cure composite resin directly repairing (P<0.05). There were statistics difference among the daily microleakage of three experiment groups, group A

CONCLUSIONUsing resinous inlay to repair the subpulpal wall perforation can improve the sealing effect and avoid material overextension. AH Plus can be used as perforation sealant because of its better sealing ability.

Bicuspid ; Composite Resins ; Dental Leakage ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Humans ; Inlays ; Molar

OBJECTIVEIt is revealed that circulating fibrocytes are elevated in patients/animals with cardiac fibrosis, and this review aims to provide an introduction to circulating fibrocytes and their role in cardiac fibrosis.

DATA SOURCESThis review is based on the data from 1994 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were "circulating fibrocytes " and "cardiac fibrosis ".

STUDY SELECTIONArticles and critical reviews, which are related to circulating fibrocytes and cardiac fibrosis, were selected.

RESULTSCirculating fibrocytes, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells, represent a subset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibiting mixed morphological and molecular characteristics of hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells (CD34+/CD45+/collagen I+). They can produce extracellular matrix and many cytokines. It is shown that circulating fibrocytes participate in many fibrotic diseases, including cardiac fibrosis. Evidence accumulated in recent years shows that aging individuals and patients with hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, and atrial fibrillation have more circulating fibrocytes in peripheral blood and/or heart tissue, and this elevation of circulating fibrocytes is correlated with the degree of fibrosis in the hearts.

CONCLUSIONSCirculating fibrocytes are effector cells in cardiac fibrosis.

Coronary Disease ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; physiology ; Fibrosis ; pathology ; Heart Failure ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; pathology ; Myocardium ; pathology

AIM:To explore the effect of sitagliptin (SLT) on cardiomyocyte pyroptosis induced by type 2 dia-betes mellitus (T2DM) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS:The T2DM rat model was established by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). The model rats were treated with SLT at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg and nicotinamide [NAM; an non-specific inhibitor of sirtuin (SIRT) family] at 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glu-cose was measured, and the tissue proteins were determined by the methods of Western blot and immunochemistry. RE-SULTS:Compared with control group, the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes and NLRP3 expression were significantly induced, while the protein level of SIRT3 was downregulated by T2DM (P<0.05). SLT inhibited the pyrpotosis of diabetic rat car-diomyocytes, downregulated the expression of NLRP3, and upregulated the expression of SIRT3 in a dose-dependent man-ner (P<0.05). All the function of SLT (30 mg/kg) was reversed by the treatment with NAM (500 mg/kg). Compared with control group, the pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes and NLRP3 expression were significantly induced, while the protein level of SIRT3 was not regulated by NAM (500 mg/kg). CONCLUSION:SLT exerts the inhibitory effect on the pyropto-sis of cardiomyocytes induced by diabetes, and the mechanism is related to the SIRT3/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

ATG5 and BECLIN-1 belong to two kind of crucial autophagy-related proteins included the formation of autoph-agosomes,in addition to the promotion of autophagy,enhances susceptibility towards apoptotic stimuli,therefore,ATG5 and BECLIN-1 are considered to be a molecular link between autophagy and apoptosis.Preliminary data revealed that ATG5 media-ted the formation of autophagosomes by ATG5-ATG12-ATG16L ubiquitination system,while BECLIN-1 induces autophagy by phosphatidylino3-kinase (PtdIns3KC3)complex.But now it is believed that truncated ATG5(tATG5-N)and truncated BEC-LIN-1(BECLIN-1-C),an amino-terminal cleavage product of ATG5 and carboxyl-terminal cleavage product of BECLIN-1, could induce apoptosis.The research summarize the progress on ATG5 and BECLIN-1 regulated autophagy and apoptosis,so as to further reveal the molecular mechanism of they regulate autophagy and apoptosis.

OBJECTIVEIn order to search the preparation process and optimazing dosage ratio of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and sabin inactivated poliovirus combined vaccine (DTaP-sIPV), the neutralizing antibody titers of IPV induced by different concentration of DTaP-sIPV were investigated on rats.

METHODSTwo batches of DTaP-sLPV were produced using different concentration of sIPV and the quality control was carried. Together with sabin-IPV and DTaP-wIPV ( boostrix-polio, GSK, Belgium) as control group, the DTaP-sIPV were administrated on three-dose schedule at 0, 1, 2 month on rats. Serum sample were collected 30 days after each dose and neutralizing antibody titers against three types poliovirus were determined using micro-neutralization test.

RESULTSTwo batches of prepared DTaP-sIPV and control sLPV were according to the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Volume III, 2005 edition) and showed good stability. The seropositivity rates were 100% for sabin inactivated poliovirus antigen in all groups. The GMTs (Geometric mean titers) of neutralizing antibodies against three types poliovirus increased.

CONCLUSIONThe prepared DTaP-sIPV was safe, stable and effective and could induced high level neutralizing antibody against poliovirus on rats.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; immunology ; Female ; Male ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vaccines, Combined ; immunology

This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior induced by chronic water immersion restraint stress (CWIRS) and the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received CWIRS to induce depression-like behavior and 4-week voluntary wheel running exercise. Meanwhile, the rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or STAT3 over-expression vector (pcDNA-STAT3) by intracerebroventricular injection. Behavioral tests were used to detect depression-like behavior. ELISA assay was used to detect levels of various inflammatory factors in the rat hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (Arg1), phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and total STAT3 (t-STAT3). The results showed that, compared with stress group, stress + exercise group exhibited improved depression-like behavior, decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels, increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels, down-regulated Iba-1 and iNOS protein expression levels, up-regulated Arg1 protein expression level, and decreased p-STAT3/t-STAT3 ratio in hippocampal tissue. LPS reversed the improving effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior in rats, and the over-expression of STAT3 reversed the promoting effects of voluntary wheel running on M2 polarization of microglial cells in rat hippocampus and depression-like behavior. These results suggest that voluntary wheel running ameliorates the depression-like behavior induced by CWIRS in rats, and the mechanism may be related to regulating hippocampal microglia polarization via STAT3 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Depression/etiology* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism* ; Microglia/metabolism* ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction