Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

Apoptosis ; Female ; Gardening ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pesticides ; adverse effects

BACKGROUND: Leptin is a kind of polypeptide hormone secreted by fatty tissue, previous studies have shown that leptin plays a certain role in the formation of atherosclerosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of leptin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells, and investigate the possible mechanism from the angle of the change of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity.DESIGN: A controlled observational experiment.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, and the Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology between April 2005 and February 2006.The cultured RAW264.7 cells were divided into leptin treated groups treated with different concentration (12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/L), I kappa B kinase inhibitor group and blank control group. Each group had 3 sub-wells,and the experiments were repeated for 3 times.METHODS: Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were incubated into a 6-well plate at the density of 109 cells L-1, cultured in RPMI-1640 culture medium containing bovine serum of 0.1 in volume fraction. When the cells grew to 80%, serum-free culture medium Opti-MEM was changed to culture for another 24 hours, and then the cells were divided into leptin groups treated with different concentration (12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/L), I kappa B kinase inhibitor group and blank control group. After the cells were incubated with leptin for 4 hours, the expression of TNF-α mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After the RAW264.7 cells were incubated with leptin for 1, 3, 6 and 9 hours, the expression of TNF-c protein expression was detected with double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the RAW264.7 cells were incubated with leptin for different times, the activity of NF-κB was detected analyzed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Another, the RAW264.7 cells were treated with or without 50 μmol/L leptin and/or 100 μmol/L PS1145 (I kappa B kinase specific inhibitor)divided into four groups: blank control group, I kappa B kinase specific inhibitor PS1145 (10 μmol/L) treated group, leptin (50 μmol/L) treated group, leptin (50 μmol/L) + PS1145 (10 μmol/L) group. Aftere incubated for 6 hours, the activity of NF-κB and expression TNF-α mRNA were detected respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effect of leptin of different concentration on the expression of TNF-α mRNA and protein in RAW264.7cells; ② Effect of leptin of different concentration on the activity of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells; ③ Influence of inhibition I kappa B kinase activity inhibition on expression of TNF-a induced by leptin in RAW264.7cells.RESULTS: ① After the RAW264.7 cells were treated with leptin of different concentration, the TNF-α mRNA level was elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and it reached the peak value emerged in the 50 μg/L leptin treated group. ② The expression of TNF-α protein increased in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, and it reached the peak val ue at 6 hours in the 50 μg/L leptin treated group. ③ The activity of NF-κB was also positively correlated with the leptin concentration, and it was the highest value at 6 hours treated with 50 μg/L leptin (P ＜ 0.05). ④ I kappa B kinase activity inhibition only partially suppressed the leptin induced elevation of TNF-α expression induced by leptin.CONCLUSION: Leptin can increase the expression and secretion of TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells directly in both dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, and the mechanism may be correlated with the activated NF-κB induced by leptin. It may be one of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis induced by leptin.

Over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump, represents one of the major mechanisms that contribute to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. This study examined the effects of troglitazone, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), on P-gp-mediated MDR in SGC7901/VCR cells (a vincristine-resistant human gastric cancer cell line). The expression of P-gp was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The SGC7901/VCR cells were treated with 0.1 mg/L vincristine (VCR) alone or in combination with 1, 5, 10 mumol/L troglitazone for 24 h. PPARgamma was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The intracellular concentration of Rhodamine123 (Rh123, a fluorescent P-gp substrate) was assayed to evaluate the activity of P-gp. The cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that the P-gp was increasingly expressed in SGC7901, BGC823 and SGC7901/VCR cells in turn, suggesting that MDR in the SGC7901/VCR cells was mediated by the increased expression of P-gp. In the SGC7901/VCR cells, the expression level of total PPARgamma was increased, however, the protein level and activity of PPARgamma in the nuclei of cells decreased significantly. Troglitazone elevated the PPARgamma activity in SGC7901/VCR cells in a dose-dependent manner. Troglitazone decreased the P-gp expression and markedly enhanced the accumulation of Rh123 in SGC7901/VCR cells in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that troglitazone significantly increased the percentage of SGC7901/VCR cells in the G(2)/M phase and decreased the cell percentage in G(1) and S phase in a dose-dependent manner. Troglitazone significantly increased the apoptotic rate of SGC7901/VCR cells treated by VCR or ADR in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that P-gp-overexpressed SGC7901/VCR cells have minor endogenous PPARgamma activity. Elevation of the PPARgamma activity by troglitazone can reverse P-gp-mediated MDR via down-regulating the expression and activity of P-gp in SGC7901/VCR cells. It was suggested that troglitazone can dramatically enhance the sensitivity of P-gp-mediated MDR cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents.

Through the discussion on TCM physiological characters of females in follicular, ovulatory, luteal and menstrual phases and treatment principles, the clinical application of artificial cycle therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion was introduced for irregular menstruation and the typical cases were attached. It is suggested that the menstrual cycle follows the growth-consumption rule of yin, yang, qi and blood. The corresponding treatment principles should be applied in accordance with the change rule of menstrual cycle. Hence, it is worth to adopt the artificial cycle therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion for irregular menstruation in clinical application.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Menstruation Disturbances ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Moxibustion

AIM: To observe the effects of scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment under microscope and under indirect ophthalmoscope.
METHODS: Forty - six patients ( 46 eyes ) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-six patients received surgeries under microscope was retrospectively analyzed and compared to that of 20 patients who received surgeries under indirect ophthalmoscope by the same operator.
RESULTS: No statistical difference was found in patients' operation method choice, including condensation reaction reattachment situation and the retina reset operation at a time ( P> 0. 05 ). The best corrected visual acuity of microscopic group after 1mo of operation was better than before operation, and the improving rate of vision after operation was higher than that of the traditional group (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION:The curative effect of external approach microsurgery has the similar efficacy with the conventional external approach surgery, and gets better visual acuity.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound-guided nasotracheal intubation in the patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery by comparing with blind intubation.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-75 yr,weighing 45-90 kg,scheduled for elective oral maxillofacial surgery,were randomly divided into blind intubation group (group B,n =20) and ultrasound group (group U,n =20) according to a random number table.Nasotracheal intubation was performed after routine topical analgesia and conscious sedation.The front end of catheter was adjusted to the aditus glottidis according to the sound of respiratory air,and tracheal intubation was placed when the strongest inspiratory phase appeared in group B.A linear array probe (frequency 7-15 MHz) was used,and the images of glottis expansion and wired catheter insertion were visualized in the thyroid cartilage window in U group.Before intubation and at 0,1,3 and 5 min after successful intubation,mean arterial pressure (MAP),HR and SpO2 were recorded.The development of responses to intubation was recorded during intubation.The successful intubation at first attempt,the number of intubation,intubation time,and postoperative complications such as sore throat or hoarseness were recorded.Results Compared with group B,the number of intubation was significantly reduced,intubation time was shortened,the rate of successful intubation at first attempt was increased,the failure rate of intubation and incidence of sore throat and hoarseness were decreased,and no significant changes were found in the parameters of hemodynamics and incidence of responses to intubation in group U.No intraoperative awareness of intubation occurred in patients.Conclusion Compared with blind intubation,ultrasound-guided nasotracheal intubation can raise the probability of successful intubation at first attempt,reduce the number of intubation,and shorten intubation time,and it is safe and convenient and provides significant value clinically for the patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery.

Objective To analyze the clinical data of 112 patients with adult-measles in the Af- filiated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and Third People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from January to June in 2005,and to evaluate the epidemiologieal and clinical characteristics of adult- measles.Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 112 patients with adult-measles. Results Totally,112 measles patients were involved in this study,with male 63 and female 49 re- spectively.The gender rate was 1.3:1,average age about 32 years and the proportion of non-resi- dents was 40.18%.The peak of the incidence of disease emerged in April and May,and the positive rate of measle virus IgM antibody in serum was 96.43%.There were 97 patients(86.61%)who had the fever that beyond 39℃and 36 patients(32.14%)who had measle caused viral hepatitis.Conclu- sions There is a trend that the ages of patients that suffered from measle were postponed and the in cidences of disease are increased year by year,which maybe related to the nonstandard inoculation of measle vaccine,or the decrease of IgM antibody levels and so on.Meanwhile,serious toxemie symp- toms and liver damage can be observed.

Adult ; Afibrinogenemia ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; chemically induced ; Male ; Valproic Acid ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and its epidemiological characteristics among planned pregnancy couples in Chongqing.Methods A total of 10 712 planned pregnancy couples were selected by proportionally stratified multi-stage random sampling method during April and December 2013.A questionnaire survey was performed, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) was used for hepatitis B virus surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and hepatitis B surface antibody ( anti-HBs) detection.SAS 8.2 was adopted for data process.Chi-square test and test for linear trend were performed to compare the rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs among different populations.Results Among 21 424 individuals, 1 718 (8.02%) were HBsAg positive.The positive rate of HBsAg in husbands was 9.48%, which was significantly higher than that in wives (6.55%,χ2 =63.39, P<0.01).Anti-HBs was positive in 8 967 (41.85%) individuals, and the positive rates in husbands and wives were 42.39% and 41.32%respectively (χ2 =2.54, P>0.05).The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs increased with the age (χ2 =2.98 and 9.83,P<0.01).The highest HBsAg positive rate and lowest anti-HBs positive rate were observed among individuals of southeast of Chongqing.The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs varied in people with different occupation.The highest HBsAg and anti-HBs positive rates were found in private business owners (9.18%) and public employees (49.69%) , respectively;and the lowest HBsAg and anti-HBs positive rates were found in public employees (6.79%) and farmers (39.08%), respectively.As the education level increased, HBsAg positive rate was decreasing (χ2 =-3.33, P<0.01), and anti-HBs positive rate was increasing (χ2 =9.73, P<0.01).Conclusions The prevalence of HBV infection is still high among planned pregnancy couples in Chongqing in the year of 2013.Vaccination and the related treatments should be enforced in population with high risk of HIV infection.