Chlamydia ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; immunology ; Muramidase ; immunology

Humans ; Infant ; Lung Diseases ; etiology ; Male ; Milk Hypersensitivity

Twenty four patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with severe respiratory failure were divided into two groups randomly: sequential ventilation group and control ventilation group (n = 12 in each group). Patients in sequential group received invasive ventilation at beginning, once the pulmonary infection control window (PICW) reached the trachea cannula was extubated immediately replaced by Bi-level positive airway pressure( BiPAP) noninvasive ventilation with oral-nasal mask; while in control ventilation group the invasive ventilation was continued using pressure support ventilation (PSV) until stopping mechanical ventilation. The total ventilation time, the invasive ventilated time,the length of stay in hospital,monitoring time and the incidence rate of ventilation associated pneumonia (VAP) were evaluated in two groups. The total ventilation time [(7. 8 ±2. 5 ) d, (12 ±2. 2) d], the invasive ventilated time [(4. 9 ±2. 2)d, and (12 ± 2. 2) d] the length of hospital stay [(8. 5 ± 2. 5 ) d, (13 ± 2. 6) d] in the sequential ventilation group were significantly shorter than those in the control ventilation group (P ＜ 0.05); the incidence rate of VAP was lower than that in the control group. The results indicates that sequential ventilation with the guidance of PICW can shorten the total ventilation time, the critical monitoring time and the length of hospital stay, it can also reduce the incidence of VAP and improve the prognosis of patients.

Drug clinical trial is an important link in the chain of new drug research and development. The results of drug discovery and development directly depend on the extent of standardization of clinical trials. Therefore, improving the quality of drug clinical trials is of great importance, and drug clinical trial institutions play a crucial role in the quality management of drug clinical trials. After years of development, the overall level of drug clinical trials has advanced rapidly in China, and a large number of clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine have also been carried out. However, there is still a big gap between our country and developed countries. Therefore, for the construction and management of Chinese drug clinical trial institutions, there is still a long way to go. This study aims to analyze the current development of drug clinical trial institutions in China and explore the existing problems from three aspects, including current situations of institutional organization and management, regional and professional distributions, and quality control. And some suggestions are put forward finally, including support of traditional Chinese medicine, introduction of drug-risk management system, and construction of information management.
China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Drug Evaluation ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Research

AIM: To investigate the influence of diethylstilbestrol on metabolism and antioxidative functions in old castrated female rats in order to elucidate the physiological and pharmacological effects of estrogen therapy in climacteric. METHODS: The old female rats had been castrated, liver drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and antioxidative indexes were measured in rats treated with and without diethylstilbestrol (100 ?g?kg -1 , qd?40 d, ig). RESULTS: The activities of microsomal NADPH-Cyt C reductase, benzphetamine N-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, glutathione S-transferase, and the contents of microsomal cytochrome P450, cytochrome b_5 and homogenate glutathione remarkable decreased in the liver of castrated female rats. Meanwhile, an increase of liver malondialdehyde content was also observed. Treatment with diethylstilbestrol could reverse the changes of above indices except for cytochrome b_5. CONCLUSION: The decreased metabolism and antioxidative functions are related to the lower level of estrogen in old castrated female rats. Estrogen plays a significant role in keeping normal metabolism and antioxidative capacities of the liver.

Liver fibrosis can be caused by chronic liver injury arising from various etiological factors.The activation of the hepatic stellate cell(HSC) is the central event in liver fibrosis,the apoptosis of which was the initiating factor for the reversal process.The apoptosis of HSC is very complicated.The signaling pathways lack of enough research in regulating and controlling and activating HSC's apoptosis.The apoptosis pathways as known currently mainly include mitochondrial pathway,death receptor pathway and non-death receptor pathway.Based on these signaling pathways,selectively inducing cell death of activated HSCs is becoming the new antifibrotic treatment.This review focuses on the new progress of HSC's apoptosis signaling pathways,and summarizes the drugs that have the effect of inducing HSC apoptosis.

Radiotherapy plays a crucial role in cervical cancer.Intensity modulated radiation therapy is widely used gradually,which allows the photon beam within each field to be modulated and therefore improves the dose distribution by maximizing target coverage and minimizing the damage to normal tissue.Concurrent radiochemotherapy plus brachytherapy are standard therapeutic methods for local advanced cervical cancer.

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy are the important therapeutic methods for rectal cancer.Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy play a crutial role in rectal cancer treatment.New chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapy drugs could further improve the therapeutic effect of rectal cancer.

Objective To observe the effect of case-based learning (CBL) applied in ward-round on residents training. Methods A total of 33 residents trained with routine ward-round and CBL ward-round in the neurological department were investigated with questionnaire. Results 30 effective answers were recalled. More of them reported that CBL ward-round was very significant in improving clinical thinking, mastering the specialized knowledge, developing autonomous learning and improving the communication with patients and their family members (P<0.05). Conclusion CBL ward-round is effective on improving the comprehensive professional abilities of residents.

Objective To compare the colonization rates of group B streptococcus (GBS) detected by using fluorescent PCR and bacterial culture in late pregnant women in Xuzhou area and analyze the drug resistance of GBS .Methods The fluorescence PCR assay and bacterial culture assay for GBS were both performed for the late‐pregnant women′s vaginal swabs and anal swabs samples which were collected in this area .The diagnostic efficiency were compared between the two methods .Then the drug sensitivity test were performed for stains isolated for the bacteria culture .Results Among the 484 spcimens ,53 cases were positive detected by u‐sing fluorescent PCR ,and the positive rate was 11 .0% ,the sensitivity was 100 .0% .31 cases were detected positive by using bacte‐rial culture ,and the positive rate was 6 .4% ,the sensitivity was 59 .6% .There were statistically significant differences between the positive rate and the sensitivity of the two groups(P<0 .05) .The drug sensitivity test showed that the sensitive rates were 100 .0%to penicillin ,ceftriaxone ,vancomycin .The resistance rates to erythromycin ,clindamycin ,levofloxacin were 71 .0% ,64 .5% and 58 .1% ,respectively .Conclusion The screening rate of GBS in late pregnant women is not low in Xuzhou area .PCR is a more rap‐id ,specificific and sensitive method .Routine detection of GBS should carried out by using the method of fluorescent PCR .Resistance rate of GBS to erythromycin and clindamycin were high in Xuzhou area .More attention should be paid to the rational use of antibi‐otics to prevent drug‐resistant producing in strains of GBS .