Objective: To analyze the metabolicomics pathway in the rats with chronic glomerulonephritis intervened by tannins from Pericarpium Granati.Methods: Signal pathway analysis was carried out using the KEGG database and molecular metabolite annotation was performed using HMDB database.The enzyme or transporter and its related properties were analyzed.The metabolite path visualization was carried out by using MetPA network software.Results: The analysis of biological metabolism pathway showed that 12 metabolites involved in 16 metabolic pathways.The pathway of tryptophan metabolism, citrate cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism showed notable changes (P<0.05).Conclusion: The changes of phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism in the rats with chronic glomerulonephritis intervened by tannins from Pericarpium Granati participate the pathological process.

Adult ; Aged ; Arsenic Poisoning ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Animal models of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH),aiming to simulate human characteristics of the disease,have contributed extensively to understanding the pathophysiology of PAH and the investigation of experimental treatments.The classical models include monocrotaline models,chronic hypoxia model and so on,more new models were investigated in recent years.These animal models were not able to perfectly mimic human pathological characteristics of PAH because of the defect in different aspects.In this review,both typical and novel methods of PAH modeling were summarized and evaluated to provide a suitable guidance for the settlement of animal models which can meet human characteristics comprehensively.

Objective To study the characteristics of liver injury induced by simvastatin combined with HRZ (Isoniazid,Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide) in SD rats.Methods Fifty-four 8-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A (control),group B (HRZ) and group C (simvastatin combined to HRZ),half of each group were male.We calculated the accurate dose respectively before those rats were given intragastrical administration of corresponding drugs.Six rats were killed in each group on 10th,20th and 40th day,respectively.Before this,blood was fastened from femoral of every rat that would be killed to test liver function,liver tissue slices were made in order to observe the pathological characteristic.Results Alanine amiotransferase of group C elevated in line with time and reached statistic difference on 40th day,furthermore,it was significantly higher than group A (P＜0.05).Total bilirubin and direct Bilirubin of group C were significantly higher than those of group A from the beginning to the end (P＜0.05),however,they declined rapidly on 10th day,this trend also had statistic difference (P＜0.05) At the end of this experiment,hepatic cords was disordered slightly,but swelling liver cells and vacuolar degeneration were observed,the nuleus of cell condensed.Soakage of monocytes,neutrophils,and lymphocytes occurred in the portal and lobule regions,or even spotty necrosis occasionally.Conclusion Cholestasis occurs at the early stage when simvastatin is combined with HRZ in SD rats,however,it has a rapidly degressive trend.In contrast,Alanine amiotransferase elevates,furthermore,pathological injury or even spotty necrosis can emerge in liver tissue slices.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of environment and message information for the treatment efficacy of children with allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: To choose 100 cases of children diagnosed with AR. The parents of children record daily symptom scores of AR of children everyday. While the doctors send the short message to the parents by using meteorological environment warning forecast technology to tell the parents the risk of AR attacks. We observe the morbidity of AR of the children and the treatment efficacy of children for 1 year. The 100 cases control group children diagnosed AR, their parents do not record daily symptom scores of AR and the doctors do not give the short message. We also observe the morbidity of AR of the control group children and the treatment efficacy of the children for 1 year. RESULT: The 100 cases intervention group children with AR, there are 11 cases refused to participate the group. We included a total 89 cases, 74 cases of children did a full year of intervention, 15 cases of children gave up. The control group 100 cases, nine cases refused to participate, 91 cases were included. The average episodes in the intervention group was 4. 67 times, the control group was 8. 12 times,--there were significant differences between the groups statistically. The execution rate on the prescribed clinic date in the intervention group visits was 91. 5%, while in the control. group, was only 67%. The compliance of parents of children to complete course of medication in the intervention group was 95. 6%, while the control group was 74.1%. Both sets of data are statistically significant differences. The children with sinusitis in intervention group was 26.97%, significantly lower than the 64.04% in the control group. The incidence in the intervention group and the control group of secretory otitis media was 8.99% and 6.60%, there was no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION It can significantly increase the degree of attention of parents of children with AR that the parents of children record daily symptom scores of AR of children everyday, while the doctors send the short message to the parents by using meteorological environment warning forecast technology to tell the parents the risk of AR attacks. It can also improve the execution rate on the prescribed clinic date and improve compliance of parents of children to complete course of medication. It can significantly reduce seizure frequency and severity of episodes of AR, thereby improving the quality of life of children with AR, reduce the economic burden on families and society.
Child ; Humans ; Parents ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; Text Messaging ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods The clinical data of 438 patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted in the intensive care unit in 2016 were retrospectively analyzed for analysis of AKI and assessment of risk factors. Results Among the 438 patients with severe pneumonia,the incidence of AKI was 53.42%. Within 72 hours after admission into the ICU, 86.75% of them developed AKI mainly from hypovolemic or septic shock(accounting for 80.34%). The detection rate of AKI by the standards of RIFLE and AKIN was lower than by the standards of KDIGO (45.89%,48.17%vs. 53.42%). Anemia ,shock /hypotension ,drugs ,RRT ,APPACHE II scores were the predictors of AKI. Conclusions The incidence of severe pneumonia complicated with AKI is high. Most of the patients develop it in 72 hours after admission into the ICU. Anemia,shock/hypotension,drugs,RRT,APPACHE II scores are its risk factors.

AIM: To evaluate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) or conbercept combined with macular laser grid photocoagulation in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion( RVO) . ·METHODS: Fifty cases ( 50 eyes ) with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion were selected and assigned to 2 groups: intravitreal injection of TA or conbercept, and laser photocoagulation after 7d. Best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , fundus examination, optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were examined before intravitreous injection and 14d, 1 and 3mo after laser, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) were examined 3mo after treatment. The postoperative results at each time point were compared with preoperative values. · RESULTS: Two kinds of treatment compared with preoperative, the BCVA all increased in various degrees. At 14d after intravitreous injection, 1 and 3mo after laser, the ratio of vision improved in TA group was 76%, 80%, 68%, conbercept group was 88%, 92%, 88%, BCVA of two groups in each period all had varying degrees of increase than preoperative. The best BCVA acquired at 1mo after treatment. The macular thickness after treatment was significantly lower than preoperative in two groups. At preoperative, 14d, 1 and 3mo after treatment, the macular thickness in TA group was 557. 5 ± 150. 9,301. 7±120. 1, 262. 7 ± 131. 2, 338. 1 ± 146. 5μm; the macular thickness in conbercept group was 569. 4 ± 135. 9, 282. 3 ± 133. 5, 259. 5 ± 116. 4, 307. 8 ± 122. 6μm. The macular thickness of the two groups were significantly different between preoperative and postoperative. · CONCLUSION: The combination of intravitreous injection of TA or conbercept with macular laser grid photocoagulation can be an effective method in the treatment of macular edema secondary to RVO, conbercept treatment is more effective and security.

Background Econazole nitrate is not effective as an antifungal eyedrop because of its poor intraocular permeability,therefore changing the formulation of econazole nitrate to improve its intraocular permeability become a critical point in the treatment of intraocular fungal infection. Objective The present study was to observe the penetration of 0.5％ econazole nitrate nanoparticles in the corneas and aqueous humors following its topicaladministration. Methods Econazole nitrate nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion.Characteristics and size of nanoparticles were examined with transmission electron microscope and laser scatteringmethod,respectively.Econazole nitrate nanoparticles drops (0.5％ )was topically administered in 27 New Zealandwhite rabbits bilaterally,and aqueous humor and corneas were obtained after the application of the eye drops for 5,15,30,45,60,90,120,180,240 minutes respectively to detect the concentration of econazole nitrate with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3 p97pharmacokinetic computer software.The use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of AffairsConcerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The diameter of thenanoparticles was 50 nm with the round shape and encapsulation efficiency was 96.0％.Econazole nitrate nanoparticlesat the concentration of 0.5％ could be rapidly separated with other elements by HPLC with a lowest quantitativeconcentration of 0.1 mg/L.The mean recovery rates of econazole nitrate nanoparticles were 98.09％ in cornea and 99.66％ in aqueous humor,respectively after topical administration.The peak levels of econazole nitrate nanoparticles in cornea and aqueous humor were achieved at 5 minutes after application ( cornea:40.620 μg/g± 7.756 μg/g;aqueous humor:0.504 mg/L±0.153 mg/L),and its half-life( t1/2 )in cornea and aqueous humor was 23.5 minutes and 18.6 minutes,respectively. Conclusions Econazole nitrate nanoparticles at 0.5％ concentration can remain a feasible bioavailability in ocular tissue and therapeutic level in cornea and aqueous humor.

Objective To analyze complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and preventions.Methods Clinical data and treatment outcomes of 72 consecutive patients ( 80 stents ) from July 2006 to January 2012 with carotid stenosis were analyzed.Asprin 100 mg and clopedigrel 75 mg were given orally 5 days before CAS.Distal embolic protection device were implanted in all patients,pre-dilatation was done for those with carotid stenosis ＞ 90％ and post-dilatation was done for those of residual stenesis ＞ 30％.Severe complications of CAS mean death,myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.Other minom included transient ischemic attack ( TIA ),hyperperfusion and intracranial hemorrhage ( ICH ),bradycardia and/or hypotension,hypertension,access hematoma or bleeding.Results In 72 patients a total of 80 self-expandable bare stents were successfully implanted.Distal embolic protection devices were used in all cases.Combined procedure was taken in 5 cases including OPCABG in 2 cases,left subclavain artery stenting in 2 cases and renal artery stenting in 1 case.The overall in-hospital complications was 37.5％ (27 of 72).Of these events,1 case had minor strokes defined as a modified Rankin Scale score less than 3 at 1-year follow-up,2 patients (2.78％ ) experienced a hemispheric TIA (neurological symptoms that resolved within 24 hours),1 patient experienced hyperperfusion syndrome.The overall mortality rate was 0,21 cases (29.2％ ) experienced hemodynamic instability (hypotension in 15 cases,bradycardia in 5 cases and hypertension in 1 case) and 2 others had access hematoms.The 30-day death/stroke/myocardial infarction risk was 1.39％ (1 minor stroke).Conclusions Hemedynamic instability (hypotension and bredycardia) is main complications of carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis,severe complications are rare.