Accompanying with the development of technological level,optical coherence tomography plays a more and more important role in predicting the surgical outcome for idiopathic macular hole.Preoperative morphologic parameters like minimum diameter,base diameter,maximum height,macular hole index,hole form factor,tractional hole index,macular hole closure index,photoreceptor inner-outer segment junction,cone outer segment tips line,central subfield retinal thickness and macular hole inner opening diameter were proved correlated to postoperative visual acuity and anatomical results.It has important application value to know these predictors to judge the surgical outcome and deepen understanding of idiopathic macular hole.

· AlM:To compare the therapeutic effects of different surgical methods in treating pterygium patients and to observe tear film stability.
· METHODS: A total of 120 pterygium patients ( 120 eyes) were divided into three groups, each 40 cases (40 eyes).Data including SchirmerⅠtest (SⅠt), tear break-up time ( BUT) , corneal fluorescein staining ( CFS) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgery and the effects of tear function changes.
·RESULTS:There were no significant differences in BUT in group A before the operation and one month after operation.Groups B and C showed significant difference before and after operation, but differences were not statistically significant ( all P<0.05 ); One month after operation, there was significant difference in CFS among group A, B and C (P<0.05), but the difference was not satistically significant between groups B and C; After 3mo, BUT in group A was not significant difference compared with the preoperative; but there was significant difference in groups B and C (P<0.05).When
compared it between groups B and C, there showed no significant difference; Group A showed no significant difference in SⅠt compared with preoperative, SⅠt of groups B and C were significant differences compared with preoperative (P<0.05), but no significant difference between the two groups;After 3mo, CFS of preoperative group A and group B and group C had no significant difference. After 10mo follow - up, there was axsignificant difference ( P<0.05 ) in recurrence rate in group A comparing with groups B and C, there were differences between groups B and C, but no statistically significant.Surgery is more likely to relapse in summer than in winter.
·CONCLUSlON: Pterygium excision combined with self-corneal limbal stem cell transplantation and Tenon capsule closed is an ideal surgical to reduce the recurrence and improve tear film function to some extent.

The medical staff's ability to apply medical statistics is deficient at present.In order to bring up eligible students and improve the teaching quality of medical statistics,the author has advanced his thoughts and opinions on teaching contents,teaching ways and examination ways.

Objective To evaluate the effective treatment for and prevention of complications. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 32 patients with acute arterial ischemia of the lower extremity were analyzed (retrospectively). 4 cases were treated with thrombolytic therapy, 28 cases underwent emergency operation, of which 3 cases underwent amputation after embolectomy, and 25 cases were treated by arteriotomy of femoral artery and embolectomy with Fogarty catheter(7 cases underwent concomitant arterioplasty).Results One (patient) in the nonoperative group died; but there was no mortality in the operated group. Limb amputation was done in 3 cases, and limbs were saved in 28 cases. Conclusions For acute arterial ischemia of the lower (extremity), emergency arteriotomy of femoral artery plus embolectomy is the treatment of choice. This (therapeutic) approach can lower mortality and limb amputation rate.

Objective To explore the expression of c-met mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinomas(NPC) and its relation with clinical biological behavior. Methods In situ hybridisation was used to detect mRNA expression of c-met in 15 cases NP and 55cases NPC. Results The positive rate of c-met mRNA in NP and NPC cells were were 13.3 %(2/15) and 61.8 %(34/55) respectively. The expression of c-met mRNA was significantly correlated with lymphnode metastasis, local invasion(basilar destroying) (P 0.05). Conclusions The abnormality expression of c-met gene expression was well correlated with the biological behavior of metastasis and invasion. The expression of c-met mRNA could serve as an important index to estimate the prognosis of NPC. c-met may be a new diagnostic/therapeutic targert of NPC.

Objective To investigate the significance of T‐SPOT .TB and real‐time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis .Methods Among the 125 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis group ,all the 125 cases were performed in accordance with the acid fast bacilli smear ,TB‐PCR and T‐SPOT .TB detection .87 cases of Non‐tuberculosis disease group were detected .Results Among 125 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis ,4 cases were positive for acid fast bacilli smear and the positive rate was 3 .2% ;57 cases were positive byTB‐PCR and the positive rate was 45 .6% ;96 cases were positive by T‐SPOT .TB and the positive rate was 76 .8% .wo methods were detected in104 cases of positive patients ,the positive rate was 83 .2% .3 cases were positive by TB‐PCR and the positive rate was 3 .4% in 87 cases with non tuberculosis disease group . 4 cases were positive by T‐SPOT .TB and the positive rate was 4 .6% .Conclusion Here is an important practical value in the diag‐nosis of T‐SPOT .TB detection technology in extra pulmonary tuberculosis ,and TB‐PCR joint detection could further improve the detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis .

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nicergoline ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide disease and a growing public health burden.Female sexual function in patients with diabetes mellitus is complex and encompasses physical and emotional well-being across the lifespan.This review aims to discuss the development of sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes,while defining the parameters of dysfunction,and to present suggested risk factors and pathogenetic pathways,while offering evidencebased strategies for the evaluation of sexual dysfunction and management.

Hemifacial Spasm ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the effects of nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-β) pretreatment on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during ischemia-reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution aerated with 95％ O2 and 5％ CO2 at 37 ℃.Thirty-two isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),I/R group,NGF-β pretreatment group (group N) and NGF-β combined with K252a (trkA receptor antagonist) pretreatment group (group N + K).In group C,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 195 min.The hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 45 min in group I/R.In N and N + K groups,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 15 min,and then with K-H solution containing 0.1 μg/ml NGF-β and 0.1 μg/ml NGF-β mixed with 100 nmol/L K252a,respectively,for 30 min.The perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion with K-H solution in I/R,N and N + K groups.HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and + dp/dtmax were measured at the end of 15 min equilibration (baseline) and at 5,30,60 and 120 min of reperfusion.Myocardial specimens were obtained at 120 min of reperfusion for detection of myocardial apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78),CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),and caspase-12 (by Western blot analysis).Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group C,HR,LVDP and + dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index and expression of GRP78 and CHOP were increased in I/R and N groups,and the expression of caspase-12 was upregulated in I/R group.Compared with group I/R,HR,LVDP,and + dp/dtmax were significantly increased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index and expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased in group N,and the expression of GRP78 was down-regulated in group N + K.There was no significant difference in cardiac function indexes between group I/R and N + K.Compared with group N,HR,LVDP and + dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index,and expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 were increased in group N + K.Conclusion NGF-β pretreatment can protect the isolated rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury,and inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered cell apoptosis after activating trkA receptors is involved in the mechanism.