Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of cells of myeloid origin that comprises myeloid progenitor cells and immature macrophages, which expand in tumorbearing mice and patients' bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood and recruit to the tumor site. MDSC express high levels of arginase 1 (ARG1), inducible-nitric oxide syntheses (iNOS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite. They could suppress T-cell functions by cell contact or not, and induce regulatory T cells (Treg), all of the above are its weapons to defend individuals' immune system. Anti-tumor strategies targeted at MDSC develop rapidly now. In this review, we briefly introduce the strategies that targeted at MDSC and their mechanisms.

By means of ATPase histochemistry and OKT-6 immunogold-silver staining, it was demonstrated that Langerhans ceils (LC) were present in the epithelia of human skin, palatine tonsil, ectocervix and esophagus. In the skin LC were located mainly in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. There were some LC in the hair follicle and duct of sebaceous gland, and a few in the dermis and around sebaceous gland acinus. In the tonsil, ectocervix and esophagus, LC were located mainly in the middle layer of epithelia. No LC were found in the lymphoid follicle and thymus-dependent zone of the tonsil, and no LC in the lamina propria of ectocervix and esophagus. ATPase histochemistry was also used to examine the distribution of epidermal LC in normal human skin of various ages and various anatomic regions. This study showed that the density and morphology of epidermal LC varied with age and different anatomic regions of human body. Statistical analysis indicated that LC density in various age groups was as follows: fetus

Tumor Markers(Tumor Markers,TM) as a member of the tumor microenvironment components,change with the tumor microenvironment and the functional status of the body.Chinese medicine can improve the overall regulation of tumor micro-environment impact on the TM,which to some extent,the dynamic detection of TM can be reflected in the earlier short-term medical treatment of cancer patients.Based on TM,we clarified the relationship of differentiating disease and differentiating syndrome,type of syndrome and histology pathology type for tumor.This will provide new theoretical foundation for clinical anti-tumor studies from the microcosmic scope.

Postpartum hemorrhage was one of the complications of childbirth and posed serious threat to the safety of mother and infant.It was the first reason of maternal death in our country. Compared with natural labor, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean section and the amount of bleeding were higher, and the threat to the life of the pregnant women was greater. The correction of the diagnostic criteria for postpartum hemorrhage, the identification of high- risk groups and early intervention and standardized postpartum hemorrhage prevention and control methods were aimed to reduce postpartum hemorrhage, especially the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage of cesarean section. In this study, we should make a review on prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic expression profile of KCNQ1 channel in rat developing pancreas and adult rat islets, so as to provide experimental basis for further analyzing the possible role of KCNQ1 channel in β-cell development and function. Methods: The gene expression patterns of embryonic day 12. 5 (E12. 5), E15. 5, E18. 5, new-born and adult rat pancreas were compared using the GeneChipRAE 230A. The expressions of KCNQ1 channel subunits in rat pancreas at the above five stages and adult rat islets were also detected and analzyed by RT-PCR. Results: The results of genechip showed that the expression of transcription factors related to endocrine cell differention and maturation peaked at E15. 5 and E18. 5, respectively. The expression of mature β-cell specific genes increased significantly at E18. 5, but KCNQ1 and KCNE1 only started to express at E18. 5. The results of RT-PCR showed expression of multiple KCNQ1 channel subunits in adult rat pancreas and islet. Conclusion: The expression of KCNQ1 channel appears in the later stage of pancreatic development when the endocrine cells undergo further maturation, and has a higher level in adult islets. The expression profile of KCNQ1 channel subunits indicates that KCNQ1 channel might be expressed in mature β-cell and involved in its endocrine function.

Objective: To detect and identify differentially expressed proteins in the seta of patients with HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma and discuss their possible role in early diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma. Methods: The surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen for the differentially expressed serum proteins in patients with HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and healthy adults. Then the most differential protein sample was isolated and purified by ionic exchange chromatography and was subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. The screening results were used to establish a diagnosis model for hepatic carcinoma and the accuracy and sensitivity of the model were assessed. Results: CM10(weak cation exchange)chip found 44 differentially expressed protein peaks (P<0.05) in hepatic carcinoma group compared with those in the healthy adult group, with 21 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated. Fifty-one differential peaks were identified in hepatic carcinoma group compared with those in the liver cirrhosis group (P<0.05), with 47 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated. The expression of protein with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 5 805 gradually increased in order in the healthy adult, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma patients; and the expression in hepatic carcinoma group was significantly higher than that in the healthy adult group (P<0.01); peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) after enzyme hydrolysis showed that 2 of the peptides were partially identical to chondroitin sulfate synthase 2. A diagnosis model of hepatic carcinoma was successfully established based on the differentially expressed proteins, with an accuracy of 94.82% ([23+32]/58), a sensitivity of 88.46% (23/ 26), and a specificity of 100% (32/32). Conclusion: We have successfully screened out the differentially expressed proteins in the sera of patients with HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma; the most differentially expressed protein (5 805) has 2 peptides partially identical to chondroitin sulfate synthase 2 in sequence. The established model may help to diagnose HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma.

Abstract?Since the introduction of 25-gauge/23-gauge ( 25G/23G ) sutureless micro -incision vitrectomy surgery ( MIVS ) at the beginning of the 21 century, we have stepped into an era of micro-incision vitreoretinal surgery more than10a. The current 25/23G MIVS provide numerous advantages over the conventional 20G vitrectomy surgery including simplified surgical procedure, shortened operating time, decreased complications as well as smaller sclerotomy wound.As a result, vitreoretinal surgeons have been shifting gradually from 20-gauge to 25/23-gauge vitrectomy in the past decade. As the 25/23G MIVS adapted worldwide, however, its drawbacks were also increasingly reported. Most criticism regarding to current 25/23G MIVS are focusing on would sealing related complications.Based on stablished notion regarding vitrectomy -“the smaller the better”, researchers and doctors were keeping on exploring the next generation of vitrectomy system. Thanks to the innovation and development in new generation vitrectomy machines, high lumen output light source, more delicate manufacturing technology and clear wild angle fundus view system, Dr.Oshima from Japan launched the first 27-gauge vitrectomy surgery system.It provided us novel surgical experience with smaller sclerotomy wound and faster cut rate. Further development and refinement of vitrectomy with 27-gauge or more are still on its way and will continue in the future. Undoubtedly, MIVS would be heated debated regarding its pro/con, complications, indications and future development.Combined with our own experiences, here we briefly reviewed the 27-gauge vitrectomy surgery.

Objective To observe the effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on the expression of transcription factor nrf2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in Chang liver cells, and to explore the possible mechanism by using buthionine sulfoximine ( BSO), a GSH synthesis inhibitor. Methods Chang liver cells were treated with NaAsO2 at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 ?mol/L, alone, for 24 h, or pretreated with BSO (3 mmol/L, 12 h). Western blot assays were used to detect the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Results The protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 significantly increased in 5, 10 and 20 ?mol/L of NaAsO2 alone groups, and Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression was up-regulated even higher by BSO pretreatment (P

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; etiology ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Renal ; complications ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction effect of thalidomide(Thal) and its joint effect with 5-Fu on MGC-803 cell line. Methods The morphological changes of MGC-803 cells with AO/EB stain were observed under fluorescence microscope. The proliferation inhibition effeet was evaluated with MTT. The apoptosis induction effect was determined by FAM. Results The results of MTr array were as below: the difference was significant between Thai groups of 25 mg/L or above concentration and the control group (P＜0.05), 5-Fu of all testing concentrations showed significant difference compared with the control gToup(P＜0.01). For combined groups with the same concentration of 25 mg/L 5-Fu,combined groups showed distinct difference from the corresponding 5-Fu group (P＜0.01), but two combined groups showed no distinct difference with each other (P＞0.05). For combined groups with the same concentration of 5-Fu 12.5 mg/L, 5-Fu plus 50 mg/L or 100 mg/L Thai showed no distinct difference from 5-Fu group of 25 mg/L(P＞0.05). With FAM study, all test groups showed significant difference compared with the control group (P＜0.01). There was also significant difference between two test groups arbitrarily (P＜0.01).Conclusion Both Thai and 5-Fu could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MGC-803 cells.The effect is reinforced with the combination significantly. Combination with Thai could decrease the concentration of 5-Fu but have the similar effect.