Objective To evaluate the long-term results of partial internal sphincterectomy for the treatment of internal anal sphincter achalasia in childhood. Methods The clinical,radiographic,manometrical and histochemical data of 6 cases were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had received partial internal sphincterectomy and were followed-up for 2 to 8 years. Results All patients presented with severe constipation with or without soiling. No stenosis zone of intestine could be noted in 3 patients by barium enema examination. The rectoanal inhibition reflex on rectal balloon inflation was absent in all patients. The normal acetylcholinesterase activity on rectal biopsies was demonstrated by histochemical staining. Ganglion cells within internal anal sphincter was noted in all cases. On follow-up,all patients regained regular bowel habits and are not on any laxatives. Conclusion The long term results of partial internal sphincterectomy for the treatment of internal anal sphincter achalasia in childhood are satisfactory.

AIM To investigate whether pretreatment with prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) might protect myocardium against peroxidative injury in early phase and in delayed phase. METHODS Rats were pretreated with PGE 1 (25 or 150 mg?kg -1 ). Isoproterenol (ISOP)(80 mg?kg -1 ) were injected peritoneally (ip) to induce acute myocardial infarction 20 minutes (early phase) or 24 hours (delayed phase) after pretreatment. Hearts were removed punctually 24 hours after ip ISOP and were assayed for content of malonaldehyde (MDA), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS ISOP caused myocardial injury with increased MDA content and SOD activity, and decreased GSH Px activity. Pretreatment with PGE 1, at each dose and in both phase, decreased the MDA content ( P

Macrophages( Mφ)play an important role in the regulation of immune reaction. Different kinds of cellular microenvironment influence the phenotypes and function of Mφ and induce different immunological effect. Researches showed that there was a strong correlation between the dysfunction of Mφ and development of ulcerative colitis( UC ). Targeted regulation on immunological activity of Mφ may improve the clinical manifestations and pathological changes in UC. Regulation of the activity and migration of Mφ through changing microenvironment might be one of the potential mechanisms of moxibustion in treating UC. Progress in research on immunological effect of Mφ in UC was summarized in this review article.

Objectives To investigate the clinical features,prognosis and risk factors of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Methods Totally 146 patients with cryptococcal meningitis who were hospitalized in Huashan Hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 were enrolled in this study.The clinical data including diagnosis and misdiagnosis,experimental and etiology tests,treat- ments and prognosis from all the patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 146 patients enrolled in the study,78 patients(53.4%)had concomitant diseases.The misdiagnosis rate of all patients was 72.6%(106/146).The positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)India ink smear was 59.6%(87/106),while 43.2%(63/146)cases of cryptococcus neoformans culture in CSF was positive.The positive rate of Latex agglutination test(LAT)was 91.7%(134/146)in CSF among all patients.The treatments were as follows:combination of Amphotericin B(AmpB)or its lipid formula- tions with flucytosine(5-FC)(98 cases),including combination with Fluconazole initally(62 cases), single therapy of Fluconazole(13 cases).Ommaya implanted for lateral cerebral ventricle drainage(53 cases)and AmpB intrathecal injection(53 cases).The average dose of AmpB is 3.06 g.The course of treatment lasted from 12 weeks to 20 months.There were 104 patients(71.2%)cured,27(18.5%) improved,15(10.3%)died and 34(23.3%)relapsed.Conclusions High misdiagnosis rate is common in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Immunodeficiency is the major risk factor for cryp- tococcal meningitis.CSF LAT is the most sensitive diagnostic test.Early diagnosis,combination of AmpB with 5-FC antifungal therapy and control of acute intracranial hypertension are the keys to im- prove prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis.

Aged ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Video-Assisted Surgery ; methods ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; surgery

Patellofemoral complications are the most common complications after total knee arthroplasty. The rotational alignment of the femoral component during operations is related to the occurrence of the patellofemoral complications, and is extremely important for the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Knee Prosthesis ; Patella ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Rotation ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods

To explore novel histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors with anti-tumor activity, MS-275, a HDACs inhibitor, was prepared and used as a lead compound to design new N-substituted benzamide derivatives. MS-275 and eleven target compounds were obtained, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HR-MS individually. The results showed that the activity of compound 9d was equal to MS-275 in HDACs inhibition tests in vitro and worthy of further investigation. Compound 5c, 5d and 9c displayed obvious dose-effect relationship, which possessed moderate HDACs inhibitory activities. Ten compounds except 9e had selective inhibitory activities on Hut78.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzamides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the tumor cell killing function of T lymphocytes stimulated by dendritic cells (DC) and to analyze the differences of protein contents of exosomes in each type of cell.

METHODSThe exosomes of hepatic cell lines with high (P group) or low (F group) metastatic potentials were isolated by a process of four-step centrifugation and the collected exosomes were observed under an electron microscope (EM). The tumor cell killing experiment was performed by adding T lymphocytes activated by DC loaded with exosomes from corresponding P and F group cells and was studied using 3H-TdR experiments. The proteomic analysis was performed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS ) on the exosomes of P and F group cells.

RESULTSThe density distribution and content of exosomes in the P group were not equal to those in the F group observed by EM. The CD80, CD86, MHC-I and MHC-II in the P group were 64.27+5.00, 44.89+10.11, 84.35+19.89 and 59.03+19.37, and those in the F group were 71.53+4.85, 50.01+9.50, 80.68+29.87 and 58.86+21.11, respectively (P>0.05, compared with the control group). The counts per minute value in the P group was 528.40+179.06 and 78.80+24.44 in the F group after being loaded with exosomes (P<0.01, compared with the control group). There were significant differences between the proteins in the exosomes of hepatic cancer cell lines with high or low metastatic potentials.

CONCLUSIONExosomes have potential values of application in immunotherapy and in biotherapy for recurrences and metastases of hepatic carcinomas.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Exosomes ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEUsing in vitro everted gut seas to research the intestinal absorption of the extractive Rhizoma Coptidis at the different intestinal section and the different density.

METHODBerberine (BER) and palmatine (PAL) which are representative compositions of the extractive Rhizoma Coptidis in everted gut seas are detected by HPLC, and calculated the absorption parameter to describe the character of absorption.

RESULTThe absorption of BER and PAL is linearity in different intestine and different dose, and the square of coefficient correlation exceed 0.9, which consistent with zero order rate process. The K(a) of BER and PAL increases along with the raised dosage of the extractive Rhizoma Coptidis (P < 0.05), indicated it is the passive absorption. The absorption of BER and PAL in the jejunum is the most quick, the ileum and colon are slower.

CONCLUSIONIn the different dosage of extractive Rhizoma Coptidis, the absorption of BER and PAL Conforms to the zero order rate process at the different intestine, and is the passive absorption.

Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacokinetics ; Berberine Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cicatrix ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVESTo study the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in mice bearing hepatic carcinoma and analyze the mechanism of the lymphatic metastasis.

METHODSHepatic carcinoma cell lines of high and low potentialities of lymphatic metastasis were injected into the footpads of Balb/c mice. Their metastases to lymph nodes were examined. The tumor tissues of each group were stained with 5'-nucleotidase-ALP to observe the lymphoangiogenesis. The total RNA of high and low metastatic potential cell lines were extracted for metastasis gene DNA array. The vascular endothelial cell growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D of each cell line were detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and were further quantatively analyzed using real time PCR.

RESULTSThe para-common iliac a. and renal hilar lymph nodes metastases of the high metastatic potential cells were significantly higher than in the controls (P>0.05). The quantity of lymphatic vessels in the high metastasis group was significantly larger than that of the control group (P<0.05). The expressions of CD44, E-cadherin, HER2/neu, H-Ras and VEGF-C in the high metastasis group were higher than those in the low metastasis group shown by the cDNA micro array experiment but the expressions of nm23A, nm23-E4, p16ink4a, CD61 were lower. The VEGF-C expression was higher and the VEGF-D was lower in the high metastasis group compared to those of the low metastasis group shown by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The secretion of VEGF-D was significantly lower and the ratio of VEGF-C/VEGF-D was significantly higher in the high metastasis group than the low metastasis group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe lymphatic metastasis of hepatic carcinoma is related to lymphoangiogenesis. The changes of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expressions might be a cause influencing the lymphoangiogenesis. VEGF-C/VEGF-D might be an effective parameter in affecting lymphatic metastases.

Animals ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D ; metabolism