Objective To explore the relationship of glucagon in many phases with insulin and blood glucose in patients with insulin resistance syndrome,and to provide theory and practice support for the treatment of insulin resistance syndrome.Methods Totally 93 patients with insulin resistance syndrome (observation group),107 patients with type 2 diabetes (diabetes group) and 80 patients without diabetes (non-diabetes group) in our hospital from July 2008 to October 2011 were selected.The general information were collected.Patients with stable blood glucose stopped taking anti-diabetic drug for 10 hours.The fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,and fasting glucagon were tested.Then patients took 75 g glucose,blood glucose,insulin and glucagon were respectively tested after 30 and 120 minutes.Data were processed by SPSS 17.0 software,and P＜0.05 was considered as being statistically significant.Results The levels of fasting glucose,early phase glucose and late phase glucose were lower in observation group than in diabetes group,but higher than in non-diabetic group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The levels of fasting insulin,the early phase insulin,and late phase insulin were higher in observation group than in diabetes group and non-diabetic group,and the differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The insulin levels in observation group and diabetes group were lowest after fasting and were highest at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load,but the insulin levels were highest at 30 minutes and decreased at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load in non diabetic group.The differences in fasting glucagon,early phase glucagon and late phase glucagon among three groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The glucagon levels in observation group and diabetes group were lowest after fasting and highest at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load,but the glucagon levels in non-diabetic group were highest after fasting and were lowest at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load.There were positive correlations between glucagon and glucose in 3 phases in observation group (r=0.65,0.63,0.67,respectively,all P＜0.05).Conclusions Glucagon and glucose in different phases are positively correlated in patients with insulin resistance syndrome,and blood glucose can be controlled by improving glucagon secretion.

With the development of the food industry in China,it has been found that food safety is becoming the biggest issue in the food manufacture and logistics. Accurate and timely to establish a risk assessment method in produce market is the challenge for food safety system. Predictive microbiology is a core early warning technology in the food safety risk assessment. According to the microorganism predicting model,the pathogen and spoilage microorganism's growth in food can be fast judgment in advance. And it plays an important part in controlling the growth of pathogen and the spoilage microorganism in food. This paper summarized the predictive microbiology model's establishment and the present research situation,and discussed the present situation and application of predictive microbiology in food safety risk assessment. The future trend of predictive microbiology in food safety risk assessment was prospected as well.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Facial Neoplasms ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rabbits

Objective To analyze the efficacy and tolerance of methotrexate(MTX)in remission maintenance of Crohn′s disease (CD).Methods From June 2012 to August 2015 ,49 CD patients who received MTX as mainly treatment medication to maintain remission were enrolled.The pre-medication history,efficacy,dosage and side effects of MTX were analyzed.The effects of inducing strategy on disease recurrence were analyzed.Chi-square test and t test were used for statistical analysis.Results Among the 49 patients,34 (69.4%)received steroids for remission inducing,nine (18.4%)received infliximab for remission inducing and six (12.2%)achieved remission after operation.In the 44 patients treated with azathioprine (AZA)before,the median treatment time was one month and the dosage for withdrawal of AZA was (42.0 ± 14.8)mg/d.The most common reason was leucopenia (81 .8%, 36/44).Till the time point of follow-up,46 of the 49 CD patients still took MTX orally with a median treatment time of 16 months,and the weekly dosage was (12.7 ±2.0)mg.Thirty-one cases (67.4%) achieved clinical stability,while 15 cases (32.6%)underwent clinical recurrence.The median Crohn′s disease activity index (CDAI)was 123.5 ± 66.6.The weekly dosage of clinical stability group was (12.5 ±2.1)mg,and that of clinical recurrence group was (13.0 ±1 .7 )mg,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (t =0.802,P =0.426 ).The recurrence rate of steroids-induced remission group was 41 .2% (14/34 ),which was higher than that of infliximab and surgery-induced remission group (1/15),and the differnce was statistically significant (χ2 =5 .177,P =0.023 ). The common side effects were gastrointestinal reaction (26.5 %, 13/49 ), impaired liver function (20.4%,10/49)and leukopenia (12.2%,6/49).Only three cases could not tolerate the side effects and underwent medication withdrawal.Conclusions As a second-line immunosuppressant for maintanence remission in CD,MTX is effective and well-tolerated in patients.So it can be an important option during the long course of CD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) gene polymorphism and aerobic endurance.

METHODSThe (CA)n repeats polymorphism genotypes in HSL intro 6 of 123 outstanding long distance runners and 127 controls of Han nationality in northern China were analyzed by PCR and Fluorescence labeled STR-genescan. Repeat polymorphisms were grouped according to segmentation point and alleles were divided into long or short chains. Chi-square test was used to analyze the frequency difference of allelic and genotypic between athlete and control groups.

RESULTS(CA) n repeats polymorphism in HSL gene was total of 9 different repeat number of alleles, which composed of 25 different genotypes. The chi-square test result showed that when compared short and long chain alleles split by 4, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) of genotype distribution in 5/10 km group compared with control. Compared the rest groups with control, there was no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONCompared short and long chain alleles split by 4, the LL genotype of (CA)n of HSL was associated with aerobic endurance and it might be a molecular marker of elite 5/10 km long distance runners.

Alleles ; China ; Ethnic Groups ; Genotype ; Humans ; Physical Endurance ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sterol Esterase ; genetics

Objective To analyze the cost of capsule endoscopy in diagnosing small bowel bleeding and to compare it with traditional diagnostic methods.Methods The patients suspected with small bowel bleeding were divided into group A(n=58,collected during 1998 to 2005)diagnosed with traditional processes and group B (n=93,collected during 2002 to January 2005)diagnosed with capsule endoscopy.The diagnostic yield,specific treatments,examination costs and other accumulated costs of two groups was compared.The examination cost ratio and the integration cost ratio were evaluated.The sensitivity analysis was performed.Results The diagnostic yield of small bowel bleeding in group A and group B were 22.4%(13/58) and 86%(80/93),respectively.The total of examination costs were 133 750 RMB and 790 500 RMB,respectively.The examination costs in group B(RMB 9881.3/each) was slightly lower than group A(RMB 10 288.5/each).Furthermore,as the diagnostic yield of group B was significantly higher than group A(P=0.001).The specific treatments based on the results of the diagnosis was 37.4% higher in group B(49.5%) than group A(12.1%).That means the cost of repeat- ed consultations,emergencies room visit,examinations,supporting treatments and hospitalizations in group B were significantly decreased.After the adjustment,the cost in group B(RMB 9881/patient) was lower than group A(16 361.5 RMB in one month—97 424.0 over 5 years/patient).The total cost of each patient in group A was 6480.2—87 542.7 RMB more than group B,which represented 1.7—9.9 folds increase.Conclusions The patients who suspected with small bowel bleeding and had a negative results of gastroscopy and colonoscopy were recommended to have capsule endoscopy which yields early diagnosis and less cost.

Objective To evaluate the effects of capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and prognosis of small bowel tumors.Methods Three hundred and fifty-eight consecutive patients who underwent capsule endoscopy for suspected small bowel disease during May 2002 to Feb.2007 were examined.The final diagnosis was confirmed pathologically.Results Thirty-three(9.22%) out of 358 patients were identified as small bowel tumors[male 14/female 19,mean age(51?17)years].Of them,23(69.70%) patients had malignant tumors and ten(30.30%) had benign tumors.Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were found in 26 cases,bleeding with abdominal pain in 2 cases,bleeding with diarrhea in 1 case,abdominal pain in 2 cases,abdominal pain with diarrhea in 1 case and vomiting in 1 case.All patients with benign tumors underwent surgery for their tumor.No further bleeding or abdominal pain after resection was found in all but one patient.Of the patients with malignant tumors,all expect two underwent surgery.Three patients accepted palliative surgery while eighteen patients received a curative resection.The locations of the tumor detected by capsule endoscopy were correlated well with the results of surgery.Conclusions Capsule endoscopy promises a higher diagnostic yield in small bowel tumors. h may improve the diagnosis of small bowel tumors and alter management thoroughly.

To observe the effects of early intervention with effective components from a Chinese herbal formula (Huannao Yicong formula, HNYCF) on behavior and related indicators of cholinergic system in β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice.

This study was aimed to observe different forms of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in the hippocampus and cortex in order to further explore the role of Aβ and IDE on spleen yin deficiency di-abetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD), and the effect of Zi-Bu Pi-Y in method. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, which were the blank control (Cont) group, diabetes (DM) group, spleen yin deficiency (pi) group, spleen yin deficiency diabetes (piDM) group and Zi-Bu Pi-Y in recipe (ZBPYR) group. Soluble and insoluble Aβ in the hippocampus and cortex of rats were extracted by gradient centrifugation, and then measured by ELISA. The ex-pression of IDE was observed by western blot. The results showed that the content of soluble and insoluble Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and cortex of the DM group and piDM group were higher than the Cont group. The soluble and in-soluble Aβ1-42 content in the hippocampus and cortex of the ZBPYR group were reduced compared with the DM group and the piDM group. The soluble Aβ1-40 in the cortex of the DM group, pi group and piDM group were in-creased compared with the Cont group (P < 0.05). The soluble Aβ1-40 content of the ZBPYR group was decreased compared with the DM group and the piDM group (P < 0.05). The expression of IDE protein was decreased in the hippocampus of the DM group and the piDM group compared with the Cont group (P< 0.05), and the IDE protein level in the hippocampus of the ZBPYR group was increased compared with the DM group and the piDM group (P<0.05). The expression of IDE protein in the cortex of the DM group, pi group and piDM group was lower than the Cont group (P< 0.05). The IDE protein level in the cortex of the ZBPYR group was reduced compared to the DM group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that the increased Aβ1-42 in brain may be a major pathological change of DACD and spleen yin deficiency DACD. The decreased IDE expression may be one of the reasons to induce increasing of Aβ1-42 level. The Zi-Bu Pi-Y in method may decrease the Aβ1-42 content by upregulating IDE protein expression.

Objective To establish a short-term scenario simulation training campus in senior med-ical students before graduation for the sake of a smooth transformation from medical students to residents. Methods There were 101 participants involved in the study . All the participants attended emergency medicine traditional teaching, including 51 fourth-year medical students and 50 fifth-year medical students. The 48 students who took the emergency scenario simulation training course were classified as training camp group while the other 53 students were classified as control group. The control group only participated in the emergency medicine traditional teaching, and the training camp group participated in the emergency sce-nario simulation training course on the basis of control group's routine teaching, including advanced cardiac life support and team collaboration, sepsis and doctor-patient communication, polypnea and crisis manage-ment, disorder of consciousness and interdisciplinary teamwork, multiple injuries and emergency plans, and comprehensive case evaluation. The training camp group was divided into groups and received evaluation of performance on treating emergency simulated case (clinical skills, teamwork, doctor-patient communication) before and after class. The training camp group was received questionnaire survey after class. SAS 9.2 was used to do the t test and descriptive analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the scores of the performance on clinical skills, teamwork, doctor-patient communication of training camp group and control group before class. The scores of training camp group after class were sig-nificantly better than those of control group (P<0.05). In addition, the course had a high recognition by students. 92% (44/48) students thought the course was contributed to improving the ability of crisis man-agement and clinical practice and were in favor of developing similar courses for senior medical students. Conclusion Scenario simulation training campus can strengthen the cultivation of medical students' com-prehensive thinking, independent clinical decision making, practice skills and communication ability in the final stage of medical education as well as enhancing their self-confidence so as to help them to adapt to the real clinical work.