Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common pancreatic neoplasm characterized by latent morbidit,poor prognosis,high mortality rate and limited choice of treatment.Quitealot studies focused on its pathogenesis,and showed molecular genetic alterations,which derived of genetic and environmental factors and played an important role in tumorigenesis.Recently,more and more findings laid particular emphasis on the changes of gene molecule and some were confirmed in vitro and in vivo.In this paper,we made a review and summarized the marked molecular changes and signalings of the four major pathways to understand their functions in PDAC.

Adolescent ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN)is a kind of rare neoplasms with high heterogeneity.Surgery is the first choice to cure local resectable tumor.However,for patients with local advanced tumor or distant metastasis, medical treatment is the main option. Medical treatment mainly encompasses biotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy.Clinicians should make therapeutic option for patients based on the functional status and somatostatin receptor status of the tumor,tumor grade,tumor stage and drug toxicity profile.

Objective To observe the dynamic levels of IL-2,IL-5 and IL-6 produced by Balb/ c mice infected with DEN_2 clinical strains and to study their relation.Methods The Balb/c mouse in- feetion model was established by multiple-site subcutaneous injection with various doses of DEN_2 clini- cal strain.Mouse plasma samples collected from different experiment groups at various time after in fection were tested for IL-2,IL-5 and IL-6 levels with sandwich ELISA.Results After primary in- feeted with DEN_2 B strain,the levels of IL-2,IL-5 and IL-6 of all experimental groups were not sig- nificantly higher than the normal control group while the levels of experimental groups increased sig- nificantly after re-infection.The level of IL-2 reached to peak[average value of(101 522.44?10 465.375)pg/ml]at the 4th day after re-infection(the 20th day after the primary infection),and then the level gradually reduced.The levels of IL-5 in the Balb/c mice of the group 1 and 2 reached to peak at the 1st day after re infection(the 16th day after the primary infection),and there was signifi- cant difference between these two groups and the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of IL-6 in all experimental groups reached to peak at the 1st and the 2nd day after re-infection.The peak value of the third group is the highest comparing with the normal control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Th2 response was predominant in the second infection phase.

Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Zidovudine ; administration & dosage

CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

Objective To explore the effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) transferred by Nell-1 gene combined with biomaterial fibrin glue (FG) to enhance segmental bone defect healing in dog mandible. Methods Nell-1 gene vector was reconstructed in retroviral vector and then transfected BMSC. The protein of Nell-1 gene in transferred cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. Segmental defects were created surgically in the dog’s mandible. The defect was repaired with BMSC transfected by Nell-1 retroviral granules in presence of FG,untransfected BMSC in combination with FG,and FG alone. The control group was left untreated. The defect-repairing capability for each treatment were assessed by gross observation,radiography,and histology at 8th week and 16th week. Results Cells transfected by Nell-1 retroviral granules expressed abundant Nell-1 mRNA and protein in the cytoplasm. Positive results were not found in those cells that were not transferred. The use of BMSC transferred by Nell-1 retroviral granules combined with FG materials exhibited the strongest defect-repairing ability. Gross observation,radiographical and histomorphometric analyses revealed a significantly greater total area of bone formation,increased amount of the new bone in the defects than in those treated with the untransfected BMSC. Conclusion Nell-1 gene transfection may be used to promote the osteogenic ability of BMSC.

Nano-materials are immensely applied in piezoelectric, electrochemical, optical, magnetic biosensors based on clearly unique nature of it. The important role of nano-materials in biosensors is expounded and the latest application of novel functional nano -materials in biosensor is introduced emphatically, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, quantum dots and nanofibers. The researches make clear that nano-materials can provide momentous value in enhancing performance of biosensors, such as sensitivity, detection range, and repetitiveness of biosensors, as immobilization materials or carriers.

The contents of the components in waste eel bone from roast eel were determined. Optimal conditions for extracting eel bone oil from waste eel bone as raw material, purifing the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentrates from eel bone oil via salt-forming with urea complexation, and preparation of microcapsules containig PUFA concentrates from eel bone oil by spray drying were investigated systematically. The results showed that the technique was easy to carry out, the complete yield for extracting eel bone oil was above 76%, the contents of EPA and DHA in PUFA purified from eel bone oil increased from 7. 4% to about 45%, the recovery of EPA plus DHA was 64% , the content of PUFA from eel bone oil in the microcapsuls was about 26. 2%, and its antioxidative stability was higher than that of mixture of PUFA concentrates without capsulizing.

Objective To study the Diels-Alder type adducts in the stem bark of Morus mongolica.Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silic gel column chromatography,RP18 and Sephadex LH-20.The structures were identified by various spectral evidence.Results Six Diels-Alder type adducts were obtained and they were albanin F(Ⅰ),kuwanon L(Ⅱ),dimoracin(Ⅲ),kuwanon J(Ⅳ),mulberrofuran J(Ⅴ),mulberrofuran Q(Ⅵ).Conclusion Compounds Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ are isolated from the plant for the first time and compounds ⅣⅥ show the anti-oxidation activities.