Adolescent ; Cough ; complications ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; complications ; diagnosis

Objective To Establish an evaluation index system of critical care nurses training in Chongqing. Methods A panel of experts was formed with 20 experts from related fields. By the use of Del-phi method, we designed a questionnaire survey and took two rounds of expert consultation and revision, screening the intensive care nurse training evaluation index. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to assess the experts involved in the study and to determine the weight of indicators at all levels. Results In the course of the investigation, the experts participating in the initiative was very high, and the authority coeffi-cient (Cr) was 0.896. The training evaluation system of critical care nurses in Chongqing was initially iden-tified, including 3 first-level indicators, 7 second-level indicators 7, 21 third-level indicators. Conclusion The preliminary construction of critical care nurse training evaluation system in Chongqing can promote the ICU specialist nurse training effect and guarantee the training quality, and at the same time it provides some reference for the training and evaluation of the health administrative department.

Objective To observe the expression of vimentin (Vim) after silence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rats with spinal cord contusion (SCC). Methods The model of SCC was established in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats with Allen's method. The rats were randomized into vector group (n=15) and silence group (n=15), which were injected blank lentivirus vector and vector of IL-1β siRNA, respectively; and divided in three, seven and 28 days subgroups. The relationship between IL-1βand Vim was predicted with GeneMANIA bioinformatics. The expression of Vim protein and mRNA in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results GeneMANIA bioinformatic analysis indicated that there was some direct and indirect relationship between IL-1β and Vim. The Vim protein and mRNA expressed in the spinal cord, and was less in the silence group than in the vector group (t>2.875, P<0.05). Conclusion Silence of IL-1β can inhibit the expression of Vim in SCC rats, which may promote the recovery of spinal cord function.

Platelets (Plts) have been shown to play a critical role in tissue repair mechanisms such as chemotaxis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition. These effects are largely due to the contents of platelet granules, among which there are a number of important growth factors contributing to the wound repairing process. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been traditionally used as a source of platelet growth factors (PGFs). After connecting activator, platelet gel (PG) is formed and numerous PGFs such as PDGF, TGF, VEGF, IGF, and EGF are released. It is important in different stages of the wound-healing cascade and greatly influence mitogenic and cellular differentiation activities. The aim of this review is to present knowledge about properties of PRP and possibilities of using PRP in the treatment of wound, as well as the success of the clinical studies performed so far, finally the future of PRP therapies are also described.
Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; therapeutic use ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Wound Healing

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles to successful chemotherapy for tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine that can reverse MDR has been intensely studied because of its low toxicity, high efficacy and multi-targets. In recent years, more and more traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been found to be effective in reversing MDR. In this review, we analyze the current status of traditional Chinese medicine on reversing tumor MDR and describe recent progress on it.
Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

BackgroundObstruction of aqueous humor out flow pathway or abnormality of the extracellular matrix( ECM ) of trabecular meshwork cells causes high intraocular pressure. The balance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases(TIMPs) is critical for the metabolism of ECM. Interleukin1α(IL-1α) can influence outflow of aqueous humor by regulating MMPs level. Objective This study was to investigate the effect of interleukin-1α on the expression of MMP-2,MMP-3 and TIMP-I in cultured swine trabecular meshwork cells.Methods Swine sclera with trabecular meshwork tissue was isolated from 20 swine eyes and cultured with explant cultured method. Cultured cells were passaged and third generation cells were identified by fibronectin ( FN ) and laminin ( LN ) staining. After 24 hours of serum starvation, trabecular meshwork cells treated with IL-1α at the concentration of 10 mg/L were regarded as the IL group,and serum-free culture medium used to treat trabecular meshwork cells was regarded as the control group. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 proteins in trabecular meshwork cells were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-3 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The examination results were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe third generation of cells were positive for FN and LM. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 proteins(A value) in trabecular meshwork cells were significantly higher in the IL group than the control group(t=-7. 694,t =-5. 199,P＜0. 05) ,but no obvious difference was found in the expression of MMP-2 between the two groups( t=-2. 365, P＞0.05 ). The higher expression levels in MMP-3 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA (A value) in trabecular meshwork cells were seen in comparison with the control group (t =-3. 025,t=-1. 921 ,P＜0. 05). However,similar results were found in the expression of MMP-2 mRNA between the two groups(t =- 1. 173, P＞0.05 ). ConclusionsThe overexpression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 proteins and their mRNA leads to the imbalance of MMP-3/TIMP-1 and promotes the decomposition of ECM in the trabecular meshwork, and therefore increases aqueous outflow.

OBJECTIVETo study DNA damage, Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and ultrastructure change in spermatogenic cell of mice by cadmium exposure.

METHODSTwenty-four male mice were divided into 4 groups: 3 groups treated with cadmium chloride of 1, 5, 10 micromol x kg(-1) x d(-1) i.p. respectively for 5 days, and one normal saline control group. The DNA damage of spermatogenic cell by single-cell gel electrophoresis technology was detected. The expression positive rate of Bcl-2, Bax protein in spermatogenic cell by the immunohistochemical method was assayed, and the ultrastructural change of spermatogenic cell by the transmission electron microscope was observed.

RESULTSDNA damage rates of of spermatogenic cell in 1, 5, 10 micromol/kg cadmium chloride groups were higher than that of normal group (P < 0.001). Bcl-2 protein expression positive rates were lower than that of normal group (P < 0.001). Bax protein positive expression rate in 5 micromol/kg group was higher than those in normal group, and 1, 10 micromol/kg groups. The ultrastructure of karyotis, karyotheca, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum in three treated groups had different degree of damage and the degree of ultrastructural change was increasing with rising concentration of cadmium.

CONCLUSIONCadmium exposure will cause the DNA break, Bcl-2 and Bax protein abnormal expression and ultrastructural change in spermatogenic cell.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cadmium Chloride ; toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To explore the relationship between micresatellite alterations of RASSF1A gene and the development of cervical carcinoma, and HPV16 infection. Methods Two sites of microsatellite polymorphism of RASSF1A gene were selected, we used polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique to detect the LOH and MSI of cervical tissues, and to detect the infection state of HPV16. Results There were significant differences of LOH rates at the two sites between clinical stage and pathological grade(P ＜ 0.05). Significant differences were noted between the cervical carcinomas with lymph node metastasis and those without lymph node metastasis in regard to their LOH and MSI at the two sites(P＜0.05). The incidence of LOH of RASSF1A gene was higher in HPV16 (+) than that in HPV16(-) (P＜0.05). Conclusion The change of RASSF1A gene is a relatively late event in cervical carcinomas. The detection of the LOH and MSI of RASSF1A gene might be helpful to the early diagnosis and the screening of cervical carcinoma. It might also be useful for predicting the prognosis of cervical carcinoma. Infection of HPV16 and LOH of RASSF1A gene had reacted together in the development of cervical carcinoma.

Platelets play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis, and also perform the physiological hemostasis. The platelet function assays have values in the investigating patients with suspected platelet disorders and in studying the effects of anti-platelet drugs. There are increasing assays for investigating platelet function, including assessment of platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation, etc. However, all of these assays have certain limited sensitivity. It is necessary to develop a simple, sensitive assay that measures the activated platelet. This article reviewed advances of researches on platelet function assays, including assay for general function of platelet, assay of platelet adhesion function, platelet activation assay, platelet aggregation assay, platelet coagulation assay and application of flow cytometry in assessment of platelet functions, etc. and looked forward to research prospect in this field.
Blood Platelets ; physiology ; Humans ; Platelet Activation ; physiology ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; physiology ; Platelet Aggregation ; physiology ; Platelet Function Tests ; methods ; trends

Objective To study the change and rule of immunological function among the patients with coal arsenic poisoning in order to provide a basis for tumor risk evaluation and monitoring.Methods Seventy patients with coal arsenic poisoning aged from 24 to 71 years old(44 men,26 women,averaging 41 years old)were divided into 4 groups including 23 cases having a course less than 10 years,21 case8 lasting for 10～19 years,20 cages for more than 20 years,6 cases of cancer,and 26 healthy normal controls.Flow cytometer(FCM)was used to analyze the frequency of CD3+(total T cell),CD3+CD4+(inducer/helper T cell),CD3+CD8+(suppressor/cytotoxic T cell),CD19+(B lymphocyte),and CD56+CD16+(natural killer cell)lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of the subjects and the expression rates of lymphocytic membrane surface molecules of human leucocvte antigen (HLA)-DR,CD25,CD38 were also determined by FCM.Results The pmportions of CD3+cells in periDheral blood of less than 10 years,10～19 years,more than 20 years and cancer groups were (63.76±9.32)%。(55.63± 12.97)%,(51.00±12.23)%and(49.83±,9.89)%respectively,which were significantly lower than that in control group[(68.10±8.62)%],and there was a significant difference between different groups(F=12.862,P<0.05). In less than 10 years,10～19 years,more than 20 years and cancer groups,the proportion of CD3+CD4+cells cells was (31.35±6.62)%,(28.38±8,66)%,(24.13±6.46)%and(19.17±4.96)%respectively,which wag significantly lowerthan that in control group[(34.28±7.32)%],and significant in a-group difference was found(F=10.455, P<0.05).The percentages of CD19+cells in more than 20 yeats and cancer groups[(9.00±5.32)%,(9.00± 3.29)%]were lower than that in control group and less than 10 years group[(11.80±3.43)%,(12.35±4.53)%] (P<0.05),while no statistical difference was found between other groups.The expression rates of CD25 and CD38 in lymphocytes of cancer group[(17.96 ±4.98)%,(41.38±8.54)%]were obviously higher than those in control group[(13.10±338)%,(28.60±5.51)%]and there were statistical differences between the experimental groups(P<0.05).The expression rate of HLA-DR in 10～19 years groups[(18.20±6.25)%]was significantly higher than that in control group[(10.72±7.06)%]and less than 10 years group[(11.78±5.13)%],while it was the same in more than 20 years and cancer group[(20.30±8.01)%,(21.82±10.97)%].Conclusions Reduction of cellular immune function caused by coal arsenic poisoning may be an important mechanism of skin cancer.CelMar immune function may be used as a warning signal of skin cancerization of patients with coal arsenic poisoning.