Accompanying with the development of technological level,optical coherence tomography plays a more and more important role in predicting the surgical outcome for idiopathic macular hole.Preoperative morphologic parameters like minimum diameter,base diameter,maximum height,macular hole index,hole form factor,tractional hole index,macular hole closure index,photoreceptor inner-outer segment junction,cone outer segment tips line,central subfield retinal thickness and macular hole inner opening diameter were proved correlated to postoperative visual acuity and anatomical results.It has important application value to know these predictors to judge the surgical outcome and deepen understanding of idiopathic macular hole.

The effects of ketotifen, cimetidine & erythromycin on thebphy-lline pharmacokinetics in rabbits were studied. The results suggested that the elimination half-life of theophylline decresed from 2.74 ? 0.75 to 2.33 ? 0.56 h & the clearance of theophylline increased from 0.15?0.036 to 0.13 ? 0.047 1/kg?h-1 by ketotifen.The elimination half-life of theophylline increased from 2 .08 ? 0.33 to 2.6l?0.45 h & the clearance decreased from 0.2l?0.03 to 0.16?0.03 1/kg?h-1 by cimetidine.The elimination half-life of theophylline increased from 2.39 ? 0.43 to 3.54?0.89 h & the clearance decreased from 0.15?0.03 to 0.12?0.03 1/kg?h-1 by erythromycin.

Objective To design and manufacture a hypobaric cabin simulator for experimental animals.Methods The simulator was composed of a fully transparent working chamber,an electrical chamber,a pressure control component and a program control component,which had its body made of polymethyl methacrylate plastics,the hatch made of metal plate and support by reinforced metal bar.The air inside chamber was exhausted by the diaphragm vacuum pump,the air inflow was controlled by proportional valve,and the inner pressure and the speed of rise and decline were exactly controlled by the balance of inflow and exhaust.Results The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator had the characteristics of accurate pressure control,low fluctuation range and controllable up and down time,low noise as well as adaptable air exchange rate.Conclusion The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator matches the national standard for experimental animals,and can be used in making the animal model of high altitude diseases.

Objective: To modify EBP(endotoxin binding peptide), clone and express the mutate of EBP gene and gain purified mEBP.Method: mEBPgene was cloned by PCR site-directed mutagenesis. PinpointXa-3/mEBP expression vector was designed to express human mEBP as a fusion protein in BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Digested engineering bacteria by lysozyme and collected inclusion bodies.Fusion protein was purified by Pinpoint TM Xa purification system and cleaved by factorXa,mEBP was purified by RP-HPLC. Results: Mutations at residues 5 and 18(Gln→Lys) was obtained by PCR site-directed mutagenesis, expressed and purified mEBP successfully.Conclusions: Obtaining of purified mEBP lay a foundation for its biological activity research.

Objective To explore the relationship between infant feeding practices and infants growth,especially the weight gain for length in the first 6 months of life. Methods Two-hundred healthy full-term singlet normal birth weight 5 - 6 months old infants and their main care givers were recruited in Kongjiang community health service center in Shanghai. The questionnaires included infants feeding pattern, feeding environment and care givers feeding behaviors, and were completed on-site by investigators. The birth weight was obtained. The weight and length of infants at 6 months were measured. Results There were 70/200 (35.0%) infants overweight (BMI for age Z score>+1) at 6 months. There were more overweight boys than girls (40.0% vs. 30.9%, x2 = 1.798, P = 0.180). Compared with normal weight infants, the overweight infants had same birth weight (3.30 ± 0.35 kg vs. 3.35 ± 0.32 kg, t =1.010, P = 0.314) and same length at 6 months (67.64 ± 2.10 cm vs. 67.91 ± 1.97 cm, t=- 0.896, P = 0.371). However, the overweight infants gained much more weight for length in the first six months of life. At 6 months, the weight and BMI of overweight infants was significantly higher than that of normal weight infants (9.16 ± 0.67 vs. 7.94 ±0.64, t = 12.324, P < 0.01;19.86 ± 1.24 vs. 17.41 ± 0.80, t = 14.953, P < 0.01). The rates of exclusive breastfeeding for at least four months, continued breastfeeding at six months, complementary food consistency, and complementary feeding frequency, were not significantly differenct between overweight and normal weight infants (x2 =0.723 - 2.701, P > 0.05). The grandparents played an important role in infants feeding in Shanghai. There were 39.0% infants fed only by grandparents, and 23.0% infants fed jointly by grandparents and parents (x2 = 0.175, P > 0.05).The care givers' educational level and knowledge of feeding skill were similar in overweight and normal weight infants (x2 = 0.446, t = 0.949, P > 0.05). However, the overweight infants were fed more quickly than normal weight infants (Z = 2.753, P < 0.01), and there was less language communication between care givers and overweight infants during feeding (Z = 2.932, P < 0.01). In overweight infants, the overfeeding behaviors of care givers were positively correlated with BAZ (r = 0.281, P < 0.05). Conclusions Overweight in early life is associated with some particular infants feeding behaviors of care givers in Shanghai. The long term effect of more rapid weight gain for length in the first 6 months of life on the risk of childhood obesity warranted to be further followed and researched.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of circumferential strain and strain rate in estimating the carotid elasticity. Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients of hypertension were enrolled in this study as the patient group and 36 healthy volunteers whose ages were matched with the patient group were included as controls. The intima-media thickness(IMT) of common carotid arteries of both the patients and controls were measured using RF-Data technique of ultrasound vascular measurement and the following traditional parameters reflecting common carotid elasticity were obtained: pulse wave velocity (PWV),arterial compliance (AC). While the new parameters reflecting vascular strain including endovascular longitudinal strain(EN-LS), endovascular circumferential strain(EN-CS), endovascular longitudinal strain rate(EN-LSR) ,endovascular circumferential strain rate(EN-CSR), adventitial longitudinal strain(EP-LS),adventitial circumferential strain ( EP-CS ), adventitial longitudinal strain rate ( EP-LSR ), adventitial circumferential strain rate(EP-CSR) were collected using the technique of X-strain. All the corresponding parameters were compared between hypertensive group and controls. The correlations between elasticity and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed. Results In the hypertension patients,PWV was higher while AC,EN-CS,EN-CSR,EP-CS and EP-CSR were lower than that of the control group( P ＜0.05). No significant differences were detected in the longitudinal strain and strain rate. In the hypertension group,AC correlated positively with PWV, while EN-CS, EN-CSR, EP-CS and EP-CSR correlated negatively with PWV and positively with AC. Conclusions Circumferential strain and strain rate conform well to the mechanical principle and the characteristic anatomic and histological structure of the vessels and may be used to reflect the early changes of the vascular elasticity.

·AIM: To report the results of phacotrabeculectomy with 2.8mm scleral tunnel incision.·METHODS: Phacotrabeculectomy was performed through an identical 2.8mm scleral tunnel incision in 52 eyes of 49 patients with cataract and glaucoma. The incision was closed with out suture. Foldable intraocular lens was implanted in all eyes.·RESULTS: The control of intraocular pressure on 36 eyes was desirable. The average postoperative intraocular pressure was (8.24±3.61)mmHg, (13.22±4.12) mmHg, (12.11±4.23)mmHg and (12.59±4.26)mmHg at one week, one month, three months and six months. As compared with 56 eyes in which phacotrabeculectomy was performed with 5.5mm scleral tunnel sutureless incision, there was no statistical difference, between the two, regarding the mean postoperative intraocular pressure at six months (t=1.7536,P=0.08239).The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was not statistically different between the preoperative and postoperative times in one year in 26 eyes. The uncorrected postoperative visual activity was 0 8 or better in 62% of 52 eyes.·CONCLUSION: The advantages of this operative method are minimal size scleral flap, smaller and sutureless incision, immediate chamber restoration, decrease in postoperative astigmatism, enhanced postoperative visual activity, reduced postoperative inflammatory response and complications.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between expression of a3 chain of collagen Ⅸ (COLIXA3)mRNA in the population exposed to fluorine and fluorosis,in order to reveal the role of COLIXA3 gene in the pathogenesis of endemic fluorosis.MethodsTwelve cases of mild drinking water-born skeletal fluorosis were selected as case groups in Regiment 123 and 128 of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Seven Division,6cases of healthy people living in fluorosis areas for more than 10 years as a internal control group and 6 heathly cases living in non-fluorosis areas for more than 10 years as a external control group.The expression of COLIXA3mRNA of peripheral blood lymphocyte of skeletal fluorosis patients and control groups were determined by using SYBR Green Ⅰ chimeric fluorescent method for real-time quantitative PCR.ResultsThe results of the relative expression of COLIXA3 mRNA of case group,internal control group and external control group were 2.16 ± 0.62,1.06 ± 0.09 and 1.05 ± 0.12,respectively.The COLIXA3 expression in case group was significantly higher than that of the internal control group and the external control group (all P ＜ 0.05),while the difference of COLIXA3expression between the internal control group and the external control group was not significantly different (P ＞0.05).ConclusionsFluorine contributes to the expression of COLIXA3 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocyte,and the expression is up to 2 times higher than that of the control groups,meaning potential biomarkers.

Objective To analyze the expression of dystrophin associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) in Duchnne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in different age groups. Methods The confirmed 24 DMD patients were divided into 3 groups according to their chronological age (children whose age between 1 to 3 were assigned to early childhood group; children whose age between 3 to 6 were assigned to preschool group; children whose age between 6 to 13 were assigned to school-age group). Several proteins from sarcolemmal muscle membrane were analyzed by immunohistocbemistry. Results The primary loss of dystrophin may lead to a secondary or completely deficiency of α-SG, β-SG, γ-SG,δ-SG, β-DG and dysferlin from sarcolemmal muscle membrane in different age groups. The expression of nNOS is completely deficient in the 3 groups, while the expression of caveolin-3 increased. Conclusions The expression of dystrophin related DGC proteins from DMD patients in different age groups showed diversed degrees of deficiency or complete deficiency. The deficiency of these proteins may occur during the embryonic period, while the increased expression of eaveolin-3 may have a relation with the regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of embolization therapy using N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate(NBCA)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)complicated with arterio-portal fistula(APF).Methods Eighty patients with HCC and APF underwent embolothempy with NBCA(NBCA group,26 patients)or absolute alcohol(alcohol group,54 patients).The APF wag first treated with liquid embolic agent during the TACE procedure.We used NBCA-Lipiodol mixtures in concentration of 20%-50% according to tlle different circulation times of these APF in NBCA group,Absolute alcohol plus gelfoam or other materisis were used for embolization of APF in alcohol group.The pain reaction during the procedure,influence for liver function(X2 test).occlusive suceessfxil rate after single embolization(Fisher's exact test)and the survival rate of 1 year(log-rank analysis)between two groups were compared after the embolotherapy.Results Four patients in NBCA group and 52 patients in alcohol group felt painful during the pmcedures.There wag statistically significant difference between two groups(x2=58.86,P＜0.001).The APF disappeared after only sin~e embolization in 24(92.3%,24/26)cages of NBCA group and in 37(68.5%,37/54)patients of alcohol group.There wag also significant difference between two groups (P=0.024).There were no statistical ditierence in the post.embolization liver function change and 1 year survival rate between two groups.Conclusions The embolization therapy using NBCA for HCC complicated with APF is safe.effective and more accurate.It can be used as a new technique for these patients.