Objective To probe the value of varied magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) techniques applied in differential diagnosis of tuberculous pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis.Methods Features of MRI,including in T_1WI with/without enhancement,T_2WI,urology MRI and diffusion weighted image(DWI),in seven cases with tuberculous pyonephrosis and 10 cases with hydronephrosis pathologically confirmed were retrospectively analyzed.Results Regular T_1WI and T_2WI could show morphology of the whole kidney,destruction of renal parenchyma and empyema.T_1WI with enhancement could manifest abnormally reinforced walls of pyoid cavity,renal pelvis and calyx and ureter.Urology MRI could show morphology of the whole urinary passage with pathological changes more clearly.Accuracy of these techniques was 84.7%.DWI had the advantage of analyzing diffusion image and ADC map to understand diffusion features of water molecule,and of quantitating ADC value to differentiate tuberculous pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis,with an accuracy of 91.2% combining with DWI and other methods.Conclusion Combined application of varied MRI techniques should be highlighted in differentiation of tuberculous pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis with a higher accuracy of diagnosis.

Background Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) has a high incidence in Uygur population and usually leads to secondary glaucoma and complicated cataract.The abnormal change of lens tissue and degeneration of zonular fibers bring a lot of difficulties for phacoemulsification (phaco) with intraocular lens implantation,especially stop-and-chop phaco technique.Prechop technique is a new choping technology,but its application in PEX with cataract is less.Objective This study was to compare the efficacy and safety of pre chop phaco technique and stop-and-chop phaco technique for PEX combined cataract.Methods A randomized controlled Clinical trial was designed.Forty-one eyes of 41 patients with PEX combined cataract of Ⅲ degree of nucleus were enrolled in People's Hospital of Hetian District from March 2015 to January 2016.The patients were randomized into the prechop group and stop-and-chop group according to random nubmer table,and cystotome-assisted prechop phaco surgery and stop-and-chop phaco surgery were performed in different groups,respectively.The effective phaco duration,corneal endothelium loss rate,cornea edema eye number after operation,vision outcomes and complications were compared between the two groups.Results The mean effective phaco duration was 14.0 (13.0,16.5) minutes and 18.5 (16.5,24.0) minutes in the prechop group and stop-and-chop group,with a significant difference between them (Z =17.354,P ＜ 0.01).The corneal endothelial cells were (2 101.90 ± 209.08)/mm in the prechop group,and the number was similar to (2 002.30 ± 207.04)/mm of the stop-and-chop group (t =-1.530,P =0.134).Corneal endothelial cell lossing rate was (8.27±2.23)％ in the prechop group,which was lower than (13.09±4.26)％ in the stop-and-chop group (t =3.810,P =0.001).The BCVA was better in the prechop group than that in the stop-and-chop group in postoperative day 3 (P =0.044),and the corneal edema degree was not signigicantly different in postoperative day 1 and day 3 between the two groups (P=0.221,0.446).Intraoperative complication was rapture of zonule and occurred in 1 eye and 2 eyes in the prechop group and stop-and-chop group,respectively.Conclusions Compared with the stop-and-chop phaco technique,the prechop phaco tequnique can decrease intraoperative complication,lighten the postoperative damage of corneal endothelial cells and accelerate visual rehabilitation in PEX combined with cataract patients.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Zhike Pingchuan Capsule (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Semen Pruni Armeniacae, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, etc.). METHODS: Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae in Zhike Pingchuan Capsule were identified by TLC and ginsenoside Rb_1 was determined by HPLC. The analysis was carried out on C_~18 column by HPLC. The mobile phase was CH_3CN-H_2O(34∶66). The flow rate was 1.2 mL?min~-1 and the detection wavelength was at 203 nm. The column temperature was at 40.0 ℃ and sensitivity was 0.02 AUFS. RESULTS:The average recovery was 97.20% and RSD was 2.25% and the linear range of ginsenoside Rb_1 was in 0.612-~6.120 ?g. CONCLUSION:This method is simple, rapid with a good reproducibility. This method can be used for the quality control of Zhike Pingchuan Capsule.

″Herb-Pairs″, also known as pair drugs, refers to a prescription consisted of two relatively fixed traditional Chinese medicine, is the most basic, most simple and most common form of medication prescription in traditional Chinese medicine compound compatibility. It is not a random combination of two herbs, nor is the simple accumulation of efficacy, but the simple and delicate experience of ancient Chinese medicine practitioners. As a bridge between single drug and prescriptions, it is the embodiment of the regular and dialectical connotation. Therefore, research on Herb-Pairs has always been the most basic and most important entry point for compound compatibility studies. However, the interaction between herbs and herbs is an effect with a downside as well as benefits. The beneficial herb-herb interaction in Herb-Pairs include mutual promotion, mutual enhancement, mutual restraint between two drugs and counteract toxicity of another drug. And the harmful herb- herb interaction in Herb- Pairs includes mutual inhibition and antagonism. All of these interactions areby means of affecting the metabolism of components to play a therapeutic effect. Using the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) binding model, the combination of drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics can further elucidate the influence on effect caused by drug concentration and metabolism, which can help elucidate the mechanism of drug action. Consequently, in this review, the herb-herb interactions in terms of pharmacokinetic were summarized to elucidate rule of TCM compatibility.

It is the objective of this study to develop dynamic predictive model for the extraction process of red Ginseng using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectroscopy was collected online and PLSR models were developed for total quantity of ginsenosides. The performance of NIR prediction model achieved R, RMSEC, RMSEP of 0.996 09, 0.018 9, 0.016 8, respectively. A first order dynamic mass transfer model was combined with NIR prediction of the quality indicator to predict the trajectory of the extraction process based upon the initial 3 or 4 data points. The results showed good agreement with actual measurements indicating reasonable accuracy of the predictive model. It could potentially be used for advanced predictive control of the extraction process.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Models, Theoretical ; Panax ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

A set of central composite design experiments were designed by using four factors which were ethanol amount, ethanol concentration, refrigeration temperature and refrigeration time. The relation between these factors with the target variables of the retention rate of schizandrol A, the soluble solids content, the removal rate of fructose and the removal rate of glucose were analyzed with Bayesian networks, and ethanol amount and ethanol concentration were found as the critical process parameters. Then a network model was built with 2 inputs and 4 outputs using back propagation artificial neural networks which was optimized by genetic algorithms. The R2 and MSE from the training set were 0.983 8 and 0.001 1. The R2 and MSE from the test set were 0.975 9 and 0.001 8. The results showed that network analysis method could be used for modeling of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol precipitation process and identify critical operating parameters.
Bayes Theorem ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cold Temperature ; Cyclooctanes ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fructose ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glucose ; analysis ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Polycyclic Compounds ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the identification and localization of Treponema pallidum (TP).Methods Rabbit anti-human TP polyclonal antibody labeled IHC was used to detect 20 paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from lesions of 14 patients with syphilis or suspected syphilis in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2004 to May 2012.Results TP was detected in 80％ of all the 20 samples by IHC assay,including 83.3％ (5/6) in patients with primary syphilis,100.0％ (10/10) in patients with secondary syphilis,and 25.0％ (1/4) in patients with tertiary syphilis,with a positive diagnostic accuracy of 100.0％.TP was mainly present in lower part of epidermis or perivascular,characterized by an endotheliotropic and epitheliotropic patterns or in the tissue of granulomatous inflammation.Besides,the density of TP was associated with types of lesions.There were more TP in the lesions of syphilis chancre,syphilis proctitis and condyloma latum,and fewer TP in the lesions of squamous erythema,greyish-black plaque,ulcer of chest wall from tertiary syphilis,and least in syphilitic lymphadenitis.There were no correlations between the quantity of TP and the rapid plasma regain (RPR) test titer (P＞0.05).Conclusions IHC for TP is of both high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of syphilis,suggesting that TP-IHC is helpful for the diagnosis of syphilis,especially for the diagnosis of early suspected syphilis with negative serological results,systemic damage of syphilis,or syphilis in untypical locations and unusual lesions.It can serve as an alternative method for the diagnosis of syphilis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of constructing tissue engineering urethral substituted graft using human lingual keratinocytes and natural derived scaffold.Methods From Oct.2009to Jan.2010,ten patients with anterior urethral stricture were enrolled in this study.A 0.5 × 0.8 cm lingual mucosa was harvested during the operation.Lingual keratinocytes were then isolated and cultured from the mucosa.AE1/AE3 antibody was used to identify the lingual keratinocytes.Keratinocytes were collected and seeded onto three types of scaffold including dehydrated BAMG,liquid stored BAMG and 4-layer SIS product,with the density of 1 × 107/ml at passage three.After being cultured for seven days in vitro,H&E staining and Electronic Scan Microscopy were used to evaluate the compound matrixes.Results No complication occurred in the patients after operation.The primary passage of confluence lingual keratinocytes appeared in a typical cobblestone shape after being cultured for 14 days in vitro.The proliferation rate of these cells increased rapidly during the three passages.However,it decreased significantly in the 4th passage.H&E and Electronic Scan Microscopy examinations showed that few cells grew on the surface of the liquid stored BAMG.Nevertheless,multiple keratinocytes layers could be seen in dehydrated BAMG and 4-layer SIS.Meanwhile,cellular infiltration could be observed in SIS sections.Conclusions Human lingual keratinocytes could be the alternative of seeding cells for constructing tissues for engineering the urethra.These cells exhibited good compatibility and are adhesive to the SIS or BAMG.The compound matrix,which used human lingual keratinocytes and natural derived scaffold,may meet the clinical need of urethral disease in the future.

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) and open appendectomy(OA)in obese patients.Methods From January 2008 to November 2010,153 obese patients with appendicitis were operated on,92 cases were treated with initial LA and 61 cases with upfront OA.The operative time,intraoperative bleeding volume,intestinal recovery period,the rate of using acesodyne,major postoperative complications,the duration and hospital cost were studied.Results In LA group,4 cases were converted to open surgery.All the variables in LA group were better than those in OA group except the hospital cost and the differences were statistically significant (the operative time:t =14.0,P ＜ 0.001 ;intraoperative bleeding volume:t =19.7,P ＜ 0.00 1 ;intestinal recovery period:t =12.3,P ＜ 0.001 ;the rate of using acesodyne:t =21.01,P ＜ 0.001 ;main postoperative complications:x2 =40.138,P ＜ 0.001 ;the hospital stay:t=17.3,P＜0.001) except the in-hospital cost(t=1.434,P＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with OA,LA is a better choice for obese patients with appendicitis because of its advantages of minimal injury,early recovery,less complications and short hospital stay.

It is the objective of this study to optimize the extraction process of red ginseng to minimize the unit cost of extracting effective ingredients. The relation between the target variables of total quantity of ginsenosides and first extraction time, first extraction solution amount, second extraction time, second extract solution amount were studied with Box-Behnken experimental design method. At the same we also considered the cost of extraction solution and energy usage. The objective function was set as unit cost of target (total quantity of ginsenosides or its purity) for the multi-objective optimization of extraction process. As a result, the optimal process parameters were found as first extraction time (108.7 min), first extraction solution amount folds (12), second extraction time (30 min), second extraction solution amount folds (8) to minimize the unit cost. It indicated that this approach could potentially be used to optimize industrial extraction process for manufacturing Chinese medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; methods ; Cost Control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; isolation & purification ; Panax ; chemistry