Objective To establish a benign esophageal stricture model and observe the effect of 32P radioactive isotopes on benign esophageal stricture scarring with intracavitary irradiation so as to provide experimental evidence for inhibiting scar hyperplasia and preventing esophageal restenosis after endoscopic dilation for benign esophageal stricture.Methods Benign esophageal stricture models were established in 18 healthy adult rabbits by annular incision and anastomosis.Then the rabbits were randomly divided into control group,hormone group and irradiation group,with six rabbits in each group.On day 2 after surgery,we measured inner diameter of the anastomotic stoma;then the control group received saline intervention,the hormone group was given dexamethasone,and the irradiation group was given 32P radioactive isotopes.The rabbits were observed for two weeks for their general condition and weight.After the intervention,we measured inner diameter of the anastomotic stoma.Liver functions (ALT and AST) were tested again before modeling and after intervention.Then the rabbits were put to death and had tissue in the esophageal stricture area removed for pathological examination and esophageal HE staining.We determined hydroxyproline (HYP) content of esophageal tissue around the anastomotic stoma.Restlts Benign esophageal stricture model was established successfully.After 2 weeks,the rabbits' appetite was obviously diminished in control group and relatively poor in hormone group;obviously improved in irradiation group.The rabbits' weight increased in radiation group compared with the other two groups (P＜0.05).The esophageal inner diameter in irradiation group widened obviously compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).In irradiation group,the number of fibroblasts decreased obviously,collagen fiber and granulation tissue were not obvious;HYP content was lower than that in the other two groups,and was close to that in a normal esophagus (P＞0.05).ALT and AST did not differ before and after intervention in all groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion ① We can establish benign esophageal stricture model successfully through the surgery.② 32Pradioactive isotopes radiation therapy can be used to prevent early scar formation in esophageal benign stricture,and is superior to dexamethasone therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of arteriovenous anastomosis by microvascular anastomotic coupler device.Methods From January 2013 to November 2013,23 cases of microvascular anastomotic coupler device were applied in 18 patients with vascular injury of upper limb,and anastomosis time and patency rate was observed.Results In 18 patients,the brachial artery injury in 2 cases,the radial artery injury in 11 cases,the ulnar artery injury in 8 cases,the cephalic vein injury in 1 case,and basilic vein injury in 1 case.23 microvascular anastomotic coupler devices were applied in vascular injury.The post procedure vascular patency rate was 100％ and the average time of anastomosis was 3min 59s.Conclusion Microvascular anastomotic coupler device is charactered by higher patency rate and faster operation.It can not only be used in venous anastomosis of tissue graft,and also has a certain value in the repair of arteriovenous injury.

This paper discusses the brachytherapy with tumour interventional radiology technology.The structure and security of the intravascular iridium-192 sources afterloader are reviewed in comparison with general afterloader.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of using continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) in high risk elderly patients undergoing lower abdominal or lower extremity surgery. Methods Sixty-four ASA III or IV patients aged 70-101 yr weighing 38-55 kg undergoing lower abdominal or lower extremity surgery were randomized to receive epidural anesthesia (EA) (n = 32) or CSA ( n = 32). The patients were complicated with cerebral embolism and/or hypertension, coronary artery disease and/or COPD and/or diabetes mellitus. The patients were unpremedicated. EA was performed at I2.3 or L1.2. A test dose of 2 ml of 2% lidocaine was given. When no signs of spinal block was observed, 1 % ropivacaine was given in small increments until the block height reached T6-8 . CSA was performed at L3,4 using Spinocath (B. Braun). A 2-cm catheter segment was left in subarachnoid space. 0.5% bupivacaine was given in 0.5 ml increments every 3 min until satisfactory block level was reached. The onset time of anesthesia was recorded. The degree of motor block was assessed using modified Bromage scale. Arterial blood samples were obtained before anesthesia (T0 , baseline), when satisfactory block level was reached ( T1), 1 h after skin incision (T2) and at the end of operation (T3) for determination of lactate concentration. The amount of ephedrine and innovar ( droperidol-fentanyl mixture) used during operation and the recovery of motor function of lower extremities were also recorded. Results The demographic data including sex, age, height, body weight, ASA physical status and types of operation were not significantly different between the two groups. BP and HR were significantly decreased after anesthesia as compared to the baseline values at T0 in group EA, whereas in CSA group there were no significant changes in BP and HR after anesthesia. Significantly more patients received ephedrine in EA group (98% ) than in CSA group (15%) and the mean dose of ephedrine was significantly higher in EA group [(34.5?3.1) mg] than in CSA group [(4.3?0.5) mg ]. The onset of block was significantly faster in CSA group than in EA group. Motor blockade was less intense in EA group as assessed by modified Bromage scale. Analgesia was more satisfactory in CSA group and less patients received innovar during operation in CSA group (20% ) than in EA group (51% ). The recovery of motor function of lower extremities was faster in CSA group than in EA group. Blood lactate was significantly higher at T1 , T2 , T3 in EA group than in CSA group. No late complications related to CSA was observed. Conclusion CSA is safe and effective and provides better analgesia with better hemodynamic stability and faster onset of block than EA in elderly patients.

Objective To know the current state of environment pollution in the surrounding of the smelteries of gold and silver with indigenous method and provide a reference for the environment pollution control. Methods The occupational and environmental hygiene investigation were conducted during Apr.-Jul.,2000,the level of arsenic in the samples collected from the surrounding of the smelteries was determined. Results Primitive gold-silver smelting had such problems as backward production processes,the irrational distribution of enterprises,no treatment of “the three wastes” and serious harm to the ecological environment. The concentrations of both arsenic and lead in the environmental medium were heavily over the standard limits and some patients with chronic arsenic poisoning were found among the local residents. Conclusion Primitive gold-silver smelting may produce serious environmental pollution which can induce the health impacts of the local people.

Objective:To compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the abdominal visceral fat of obese women.Methods:Sixty-eight obese female college students were randomly divided into an HIIT group ( n=23), an MICT group ( n=22) and a control group ( n=23). The control group was not given any training intervention. The MICT group performed continuous exercise at an intensity of 60% of each person′s maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max) until 300kJ of work had been performed. Those in the HIIT group performed repeated 4-minute bouts of cycling at 90% of their VO 2max with 3-minute intervals until 300kJ of work had been performed. The interventions lasted 12 weeks. The subjects′ visceral fat (AVFA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASFA) were measured using computed tomography. Whole-body fat mass (FM) and FM in the android, gynoid and trunk regions were detected using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 48 hours after the final session. Results:After the intervention, the average AVFA, ASFA, percentage of fat mass (FM%), whole-body FM, and FM in the abdominal, gluteo-femoral and trunk regions of the HIIT group and MICT group were significantly lower than before the intervention, but there was no significant difference between them. No significant differences were observed in any of the control group′s indexes.Conclusions:Both HIIT and MICT can reduce the abdominal visceral fat of obese female college students, and the effects of the two exercise modes are equivalent.

Background Econazole nitrate is not effective as an antifungal eyedrop because of its poor intraocular permeability,therefore changing the formulation of econazole nitrate to improve its intraocular permeability become a critical point in the treatment of intraocular fungal infection. Objective The present study was to observe the penetration of 0.5％ econazole nitrate nanoparticles in the corneas and aqueous humors following its topicaladministration. Methods Econazole nitrate nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion.Characteristics and size of nanoparticles were examined with transmission electron microscope and laser scatteringmethod,respectively.Econazole nitrate nanoparticles drops (0.5％ )was topically administered in 27 New Zealandwhite rabbits bilaterally,and aqueous humor and corneas were obtained after the application of the eye drops for 5,15,30,45,60,90,120,180,240 minutes respectively to detect the concentration of econazole nitrate with highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3 p97pharmacokinetic computer software.The use of the animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of AffairsConcerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results The diameter of thenanoparticles was 50 nm with the round shape and encapsulation efficiency was 96.0％.Econazole nitrate nanoparticlesat the concentration of 0.5％ could be rapidly separated with other elements by HPLC with a lowest quantitativeconcentration of 0.1 mg/L.The mean recovery rates of econazole nitrate nanoparticles were 98.09％ in cornea and 99.66％ in aqueous humor,respectively after topical administration.The peak levels of econazole nitrate nanoparticles in cornea and aqueous humor were achieved at 5 minutes after application ( cornea:40.620 μg/g± 7.756 μg/g;aqueous humor:0.504 mg/L±0.153 mg/L),and its half-life( t1/2 )in cornea and aqueous humor was 23.5 minutes and 18.6 minutes,respectively. Conclusions Econazole nitrate nanoparticles at 0.5％ concentration can remain a feasible bioavailability in ocular tissue and therapeutic level in cornea and aqueous humor.

Objective To analyze complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and preventions.Methods Clinical data and treatment outcomes of 72 consecutive patients ( 80 stents ) from July 2006 to January 2012 with carotid stenosis were analyzed.Asprin 100 mg and clopedigrel 75 mg were given orally 5 days before CAS.Distal embolic protection device were implanted in all patients,pre-dilatation was done for those with carotid stenosis ＞ 90％ and post-dilatation was done for those of residual stenesis ＞ 30％.Severe complications of CAS mean death,myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.Other minom included transient ischemic attack ( TIA ),hyperperfusion and intracranial hemorrhage ( ICH ),bradycardia and/or hypotension,hypertension,access hematoma or bleeding.Results In 72 patients a total of 80 self-expandable bare stents were successfully implanted.Distal embolic protection devices were used in all cases.Combined procedure was taken in 5 cases including OPCABG in 2 cases,left subclavain artery stenting in 2 cases and renal artery stenting in 1 case.The overall in-hospital complications was 37.5％ (27 of 72).Of these events,1 case had minor strokes defined as a modified Rankin Scale score less than 3 at 1-year follow-up,2 patients (2.78％ ) experienced a hemispheric TIA (neurological symptoms that resolved within 24 hours),1 patient experienced hyperperfusion syndrome.The overall mortality rate was 0,21 cases (29.2％ ) experienced hemodynamic instability (hypotension in 15 cases,bradycardia in 5 cases and hypertension in 1 case) and 2 others had access hematoms.The 30-day death/stroke/myocardial infarction risk was 1.39％ (1 minor stroke).Conclusions Hemedynamic instability (hypotension and bredycardia) is main complications of carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis,severe complications are rare.

Amygdala (AM) plays crucial roles in emotional learning, memory and behavior. These functions of AM are carried out by three main subnuclei (lateral nucleus, basolateral nucleus and central nucleus) in AM and closely related with a transcription factor, cAMP- responsive element binding protein (CREB) in the neurons of the AM. CREB can be phosphorylated (pCREB) in many kinds of neuronal processes to regulate the synthesis of proteins for the formation of memory processes. In order to identify what neuronal types express pCREB and how the pCREB levels changed at different time intervals after an emotional stress stimulation, the present study is designed to investigate pCREB-, glutamate (Glu)- and parvalbumin (PV)- immunoreactive (IR) profiles in AM and the levels of pCREB in AM after a stress of forced swimming (FS). The results showed that the pCREB expressed in the Glu-IR neurons but not in the PV-IR neurons, and the expression level of the pCREB increased dramatically after the stress. The present results suggested that pCREB modulates the emotional processes through the Glu-IR neurons and that the pCREB greatly upregulated to response to the emotional stimuli.

It is proposed that following peripheral nerve injury abnormal sprouting of Aβ fiber primary afferent neurons in the spinal cord contributes to the allodynia that often occurs with such injury. The present investigation is to determine whether this sprouting is reversal after compression of peripheral nerve was relieved. In a rat model of neuropathic pain made by rat sciatic nerve compression,chorela toxin B subunit conjugated horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) was used to trace the termination of Afiber primary afferents and sections were reacted for using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromagen. We demonstrated that the compression to the sciatic nerve also results in hyperalgesia and novel transganglionic CB-HRP staining in laminae Ⅱ, and this sprouting can not be reversed by decompression. This structural reorganization in central nervous system and its irreversible character may contribute to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain.