Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of ING4 and clinical primary breast cancer.Methods Tissue and peripheral blood samples of primary breast cancer patients were collected and the expression levels of ING4 and NF-κB in tissue samples were detected with immunohistochemistry.The expression of ING4 in the peripheral blood was detected with ELISA.Results The positive rates of expression of ING4 and NF-κB in breast cancer tissues were 100.00 ％ (30/30),which were significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues 12.50 ％ (3/24) and 93.75 ％ (45/48) compared to 6.67 ％ (1/15) respectively.Compared with the preoperative,the ING4 level in peripheral blood from the postoperative breast cancer patients was significantly reduced (P =0.044).Conclusions The expression of ING4 does not decrease in the primary breast cancer patients.The increasing is perhaps due to the body's stress response against tumor development in early stage by secreting more ING4 protein.

R2) of the two models were 0.801,0.872 respectively. The fitting efficacy of the ARIMA-GRNN combination model was better than the single ARIMA, which had practical value in the research on time series data such as the incidence of scarlet fever.

Testing of hypothesis was affected by statistical analysis set division which was an important data management work before data base lock-in. Objective division of statistical analysis set under blinding was the guarantee of scientific trial conclusion. All the subjects having accepted at least once trial treatment after randomization should be concluded in safety set. Full analysis set should be close to the intention-to-treat as far as possible. Per protocol set division was the most difficult to control in blinded examination because of more subjectivity than the other two. The objectivity of statistical analysis set division must be guaranteed by the accurate raw data, the comprehensive data check and the scientific discussion, all of which were the strict requirement of data management. Proper division of statistical analysis set objectively and scientifically is an important approach to improve the data management quality.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Databases, Factual ; Research Design ; standards ; Statistics as Topic

Missing data is a common but unavoidable issue in clinical trials. It not only lowers the trial power, but brings the bias to the trial results. Therefore, on one hand, the missing data handling methods are employed in data analysis. On the other hand, it is vital to prevent the missing data in the trials. Prevention of missing data should take the first place. From the perspective of data, firstly, some measures should be taken at the stages of protocol design, data collection and data check to enhance the patients' compliance and reduce the unnecessary missing data. Secondly, the causes of confirmed missing data in the trials should be notified and recorded in detail, which are very important to determine the mechanism of missing data and choose the suitable missing data handling methods, e.g., last observation carried forward (LOCF); multiple imputation (MI); mixed-effect model repeated measure (MMRM), etc.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Research Design

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and cell cycle regulating factor Cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and the interaction between MIF and Cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell cycle controlling. Methods Using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting to detect mRNA and protein expression of MIF and Cyelin DI in HCC tissues and tumor adjacent tissues. Specific small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting MIF gene was transfccted at doses of 50 nmol/L and 100 nmoL/L into HCC cell lines of PLC and HepG2 with lipofeetamine 2000 methods to knockdown the expression of M1F gene and to investigare the the interaction between M1F and Cyclin D1. Results MIF and Cyclin D1 protein and mRNA were overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues. The relative expression of MIF,Cyclin D1 protein and mRNA were 0.825±0.13,0.843± 0.104 and 7.31±1.85 folds、4.27±1.05 folds, compared with the tumor adjacent tissues (FMIF= 15.5, P<0.01;FCyclin D1=87.5,P <0.01). In MIF siRNA treated PLC and HepG2 cells, MIF mRNA down regulation 71.2%±7.2%, 87.4%±2.9% ,74.3%±8.9% and 88.4%±4.6% respectively (FPLC = 315.5 ,P < 0.01 ; FHepG2= 201.2 P < 0.01). While MIF protein expression were significandy reduced to 0.33±0.03,0.11±0.02, 0.81±0.08 and 0.36±0.02 in a dose-dependent manner (FPLC= 43.9, P <0.01 ;FHepG2 = 133.4 P <0.01). Cyclin D1 mRNA was significantly down-regnlated in MIF siRNA treated PLC and HepG2 cell lines when compared with control group(P <0.01). In 50 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L groups, Cyclin DI mRNA levels were respectively decreased by 68.2%±3% and 78.1%±1.4% in PLC cell, 65.8%±4.7% and 77.3%±2.6% in HepG2 cell (FPLC= 1569, P < 0.01 ; FHepG2= 480.4, P <0.01). Compared with control groups, Cyclin D1 protein levels significantly reduced to 0.28±0.06、0.15±0.03 and 0.44 ±0.04、0.13±0.02 in the PLC and HepG2 after M IF siRNA treatment(FPLC= 35.5, P < 0.01 ; FHepG2 = 114.7, P < 0.01). Conclusions MIF and Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues and participated in tumor cell cycle regulation. MIF may up-regnlate the expression of Cyclin DI via ERK signalling and precipitate in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of the posterior approach of robotassisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and to the approach.Methods From November 2001 to April 2017,32 patients underwent posterior approach of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Patients aged 53 to 81 years,with mean of 66.9 years old.Their prostate volumes were 12.0-73.7 ml with an average of 32.9 ml.All patients were diagnosed by prostate biopsy before surgery.The operation time,blood loss and length of hospital stay were recorded.Results All the operations were completed by robotic assisted laparoscopy with no transition to open surgery.The surgery time was 129-210 minutes with an average of 163.6 minutes.The estimated blood loss was 20-200 ml with an average of 59.3 ml.The hospital stay was 8-21 days with an average of 12.8 days.The postoperative hospital stay was 3-13 days with an average of 6.9 days.The time of postoperative catheter removal was 4-14 days with an average of 7.5 days.Postoperative follow-up was 1-6 months.Twenty-four (75％) patients had early recovery of continence,and all (100％) patients regained continence 3-month postoperatively.Conclusion The posterior approach of robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was a safe and effective surgical technique,which was beneficial in early continence recovery.

Models, Statistical ; Propensity Score

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of injuries among residents living in the communities in Zhejiang.

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 16 899 residents in four communities.

RESULTSThe incidence of injuries was 16.11% in total, higher in urban area than in rural area and higher in men than in women. The leading causes of injuries were falls (4.80%), knife-cutting or by sharp articles (3.86%), traffic accident (2.07%), collision (1.99%), scalds (1.13%) and animal bites (1.06%). Peak incidence of age group was different in different injuries, such as traffic accident was high in 45 - 60 age group and falls was high in 5 and 60 age group. Direct economic loss for each case with injury would cost 324.21 RMB yuan.

CONCLUSIONInjury was common and frequently occurred among residents at the community level which seriously on danger their health and families.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Traffic ; statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; epidemiology ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology ; mortality

Models, Statistical ; Propensity Score

The androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective in blocking tumor growth, but it eventually leads to the hormone-refractory state. The detailed mechanisms of the conversion from androgen dependence to androgen independence remain unclear. Several PCa cell lines were established to study the role of AR in PCa, but the results were often inconsistent or contrasting in different cell lines, or in the same cell line grown under different conditions. The cellular and molecular alteration of epithelial cells and their microenvironments are complicated, and it is difficult to use a single cell line to address this important issue and also to study the pathophysiological effects of AR. In this paper, we summarize the different effects of AR on multiple cell lines and show the disadvantages of using a single human PCa cell line to study AR effects on PCa. We also discuss the advantages of widely used epithelium-stroma co-culture systems, xenograft mouse models, and genetically engineered PCa mouse models. The combination of in vitro cell line studies and in vivo mouse models might lead to more credible results and better strategies for the study of AR roles in PCa.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Receptors, Androgen ; physiology ; Stromal Cells ; pathology