Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Zidovudine ; administration & dosage

Brain Injuries ; etiology ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; Humans

Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; Pseudolymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology

Cancer cell exfoliation,invasion and entry into circulation system is the early event with metastasis,which provide the possibility to formation of clinical metastase.Further research about the circulating cancer cells can help us to understand the mechanism of metastasis and offer the scientific proof against anti-metastasis.The detection of circulating tumor cells and clinical significance were reviewed.

Objective To analyze the relationship between cervical lordosis and the development of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery.Methods From June 2007 to May 2010,data of 172 successive patients who had undergone ACDF operation in our hospital were reviewed in this study.The presence and duration of postoperative dysphagia were recorded via face-to-face questioning or telephone interview at least one year after the procedure.Plain cervical radiographs before and after surgery were collected.The C2-7 angle was measured.The change of C2-7 angle was defined as dC2-7 angle=postoperative C2-7-preoperative C2-7 angle.The correlation between postoperative dysphagia and dC2-7 angle was studied.Results There were 22 patients in dysphagia group,including 17 males and 5 females.Their age ranged from 25 to 70 years old,and average was 47.7±5.4.The average of BMI was 25.0±2.9 kg/m2.150 patients were in non-dysphagia group,including 101 males and 49 females.Their age ranged from 18 to 72 years old,and average age was 49.2±4.8.The average of BMI was 24.4±3.4 kg/m2.There was no statistical difference in gender,age,and BMI between two groups.The dC2-7 angle of dysphagia group ranged from-1 °-20.5°,and average was 8.6°±4.0°.The dC2-7 angle of non-dysphagia group ranged from-13°-28.5°,and average was 5.0°±4.3°.There was significant difference in dC2 7 angle between dysphagia and non-dysphagia group.Spearman Analysis revealed that there was strong correlativity between dC2-7 angle and postoperative dysphagia.When dC2-7 angle was greater than 5°,the chance of developing postoperative dysphagia significantly increased (19.3％ [17/88] vs 6.0％ [5/84]).What's more,Spearman Analysis also revealed that there was no correlativity between dC2 7 angle and degree of operative dysphagia.There was no significant difference in gender,age,and BMI between dysphagia and non-dysphagia group.There was no statistical difference in operative time,blood loss revision surgery,revision surgery ratio,most cephalic operative level and number of operative levels between dysphagia with non-dysphagia group.Logistic regression model showed that an increased likelihood of postoperative dysphagia persists with increasing dC2-7 angle,but had no relationship with operative time,blood loss,revision surgery,most cephalic operative level and number of operative levels.Conclusion dC2-7 angle may play an important role in the development of postoperative dysphagia.We found no statistical difference in operative time,blood loss revision surgery,revision surgery ratio,most cephalic operative level and number of operative levels between dysphagia and non-dysphagia group.Intraoperative measurement of the dC2-7 angle is practical and essential for reducing the postoperative dysphagia.

Child ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male

To screen and evaluate protein biomarkers for the detection of gliomas (Astrocytoma grade I-IV) from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors by using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. SELDI-TOF-MS protein fingerprinting of serum from 105 brain tumor patients and healthy individuals, included 28 patients with glioma (Astrocytoma I-IV), 37 patients with brain benign tumor, and 40 age-matched healthy individuals. Two thirds of the total samples of every compared pair as training set were used to set up discriminating patterns, and one third of total samples of every compared pair as test set were used to cross-validate; simultaneously, discriminate-cluster analysis derived SPSS 10.0 software was used to compare Astrocytoma grade I-II with grade III-IV ones. An accuracy of 95.7%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 100% were obtained in a blinded test set comparing gliomas patients with healthy individuals; an accuracy of 86.4%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 84.6%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 85.7% were obtained when patient's gliomas was compared with benign brain tumor. Total accuracy of 85.7%, accuracy of grade I-II Astrocytoma was 86.7%, accuracy of III-IV Astrocytoma was 84.6% were obtained when grade I-II Astrocytoma was compared with grade III-IV ones (discriminant analysis). SELDI-TOF-MS combined with bioinformatics tools, could greatly facilitate the discovery of better biomarkers. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved by the use of selected biomarkers showed great potential application for the discrimination of gliomas patients from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors.
Adult ; Aged ; Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Astrocytoma ; blood ; classification ; diagnosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood ; classification ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; blood ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Peptide Mapping ; methods ; Protein Array Analysis ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

Objective To investigate the relationship between source memory and item memory in children,adult and the elderly Chinese,to test the hypothesis that neuronal substrate of source memory includes frontal lobe,and that source memory and item memory were dissociated in child and the elderly.Methods A neuropsyehological battery was established to measure the performance of item memory and source memory.Child,adult and the health elderly Chinese(40 cases in each group, respectively)were enrolled.The performance of child and the elderly Chinese were compared with that of the adults,and were also analyzed among the groups to check the dissociation between the performance of item and source memory.Results Compared with the adults,the source memory in children(I value:0.87?0.08 vs.0.73?0.13,P＜0.01)were impaired,but not found in item memory(Pr value:0.73?0.14 vs.0.74?0.11,P＞0.05).The elderly Chinese was impaired in both item(Pr value:0.66?0.15,P＜0.05)in source memory(I value:0.68?0.13,P＜0.01).Double dissociation between item and source memory was found in the child and the elderly.Conclusions The evidence of double dissociation between item and source memory within child and the elderly supports the dual-process model of source and item memory.These findings also support that frontal lobe involves in source memory,the indicators of source memory damage is early behavior marker for mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer disease.

Objective To evaluate the mid-term tollow-up results of cervical artificial disc replacement (CADR) for cervical degenerative disc disease,and to explore whether it can reduce the occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD).Methods A prospective comparative study of 93 patients who underwent CADR or anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for cervical degenerative disc disease were conducted.All patients were followed up for more than 6 years.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score,neck disability index (NDI),Odom's scale,X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results.Results Twenty eight patients who underwent CADR and 35 patients who underwent ACDF had complete follow-up data.At final follow-up,the JOA score and NDI improved significantly in both groups.Between the two groups,there was no significant difference in terms of JOA score,NDI and Odom's scale.The sagittal alignment was well maintained in both groups.The total cervical spine range of motion (ROM) had no significant change for the CADR group,whereas,it significantly decreased for the ACDF group.The ROM at the replacement level of CADR patients decreased from 9.5° ± 3.7° before operation to 7.0° ± 3.0° 3 months after operation,and it was maintained to 6.6° ± 4.1° at final follow-up without significant decrease.Lateral radiographs and T2-weighted MRI showed the incidence of ASD in CADR group was significantly lower than that in ACDF group.Conclusion The six-year follow-up results of CADR are basically satisfactory.Compared with ACDF,it could better preserve physiological motion and biomechanics of cervical spine,and reduce the incidence of ASD.

Objective To develop a probe for photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging targeting integrin αvβ6 . Methods The probe was separated by RP‐HPLC .Molecular weight and the maximum absorption wavelength of the probe were detected by mass spectrum instrument and optical spectrum instrument . Various concentrations of the probe were detected by photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging . The stability of the probe was evaluated when exposed under laser . Targeting of the probe on integrinαvβ6 was evaluated in cell uptake assay with integrinαvβ6 positive and negative cells . The minimum number of cells that could be detected by photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging was also evaluated . Results The probe ICG‐peptide was separated from reaction mixture by RP‐HPLC .The probe had a retention time of 21 .4 minutes and m/z of 4 727 . The labeling ratio of the probe was 1∶1 . The maximum absorption wavelength of the probe was 790 nm . The photoacoustic signal was linearly dependent on the concentration of the probe . The fluorescence signal was linearly dependent on the concentration of the probe when the concentration was smaller than 1 .5 × 10 -5 mol/L . The lowest concentration of the probe that could be detected above the background by photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging was 0 .09 × 10-5 mol/L and 0 .05 × 10-5 mol/L ,respectively . No obvious decrease of the photoacoustic signal was observed after the probe was scanned 20 times ( each time lasted for 1 min) by laser . There existed differences ( P <0 .001) in cell uptake of the probe with various concentrations and reaction time between A431 cells (αvβ6 positive) and 293T cells (αvβ6 negative) . Cell uptake was inhibited by the addition of 5μmol/L unlabeled peptide in A431 cells ( P = 0 .001 ) . The lowest number of the labeled A431 cells detected by photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging was 0 .4 × 106 and 0 .05 × 106 ,respectively . Conclusions The dual functional photoacoustic and fluorescence probe targeting integrin αvβ6 was successfully developed . The targeting and sensitivity of the probe makes it potentially useful in early detection of αvβ6 positive tumors .