Immunological alterations and changes in neurotransmission are considered to be crucial in the pathological process of depression. An immune activation including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines has repeatedly been described in depression, which shines a clue for new anti-depression therapy. Immune activation will lead to depression through serotonin and glutamate systems. This paper is attempted to review the immune mediated alterations on serotonin and glutamate systems.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Allyl Compounds ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (Hcy) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA).Medods The consecutive stroke patients with LAA and small artery occlusion (SAO) were enrolled.The demographics,baseline clinical data,and laboratory test results were compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for LAA.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum Hcy concentration and carotid plaque scores.Results A total of 117 patients with LAA and SAO were enrolled,42 were in the LAA group and 75 were in the SAO group.The plasma Hcy levels (median [interquartile range] 15.35 [12.20-20.43] μmol/Lvs.12.40 [10.40-15.00] μmoFL; Z=-2.540,P=0.011),the carotid plaque scores (6.30 ±4.11 mm vs.4.19 ±2.84 mm; t =2.952,P=0.004),and the proportion of plasma Hcy level at tertile groups of the patients (x2 =10.697,P =0.005) of the LAA plasma group were all significantly higher than those of the SAO group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the plasma Hcy concentration was in the third tertile (＞ 15.3 μmol/L),and it was an independent risk factor for LAA (odds ratio 4.739,95％ confidence interval 1.696-13.241; P =0.003).Moreover,there was a significant positive correlation between the serum Hcy concentration and the carotid plaque scores (r =0.245,P =0.008).Conclusions The plasma Hcy levels were positively correlated with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis.The Hcy ＞ 15.3 μmol/L was an independent risk factor for LAA.

OBJECTIVE:To promote effective development of services in the intravenous drugs allocation centre and to bring the pharmacists'function into full play in the hospital pharmacy.METHODS:Information concerning services in the intravenous drugs allocation centre of our hospital and experiences from which was introduced,some problems and difficulties in the pharmacy services were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The centralized allocation and management of intra-venous drugs have ensured the safety and effectiveness of the clinical intravenous drug use and which have become the essential part of the pharmaceutical care with a core of rational drug use.

Objective To investigate cognitive function and behavior characteristics in the childhood onset schizo?phrenia patients with or without obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Methods One hundred forty-nine schizophrenia chil?dren were recruited and 72 healthy children served as children control group. According to the Schedule for Affective Dis?orders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), the patients were fur?ther divided into two groups, the children with obsessive-compulsive disorder group (70 cases) and the children without obsessive-compulsive disorder group (79 cases). All the children were retrospectively surveyed and the Achenbach’s Child Behavior Check-list (CBCL) was used to assess their social competence and behavioral characteristics at the age from 6-year-old to 10-year-old. The cognitive function was estimated with WISC, STROOP color and word test, trail making test, visal spatial memory test and maze test. Results Compare to the control group, the CBCL factor scores of behavior problems were higher (P<0.01), social ability factor scores were lower (P<0.05) and all factor scores in the cog?nitive function tests were lower (P<0.05) in the two patients groups. Compare to the patients without obsessive-compul?sive symptoms, the CBCL factor scores of the school situation (P<0.01), splitting force (P<0.01), and physical complaints (P<0.01) were significantly higher and the scores were significantly lower in the test of common sense (P<0.01), wood (P<0.01), STROOP (P<0.01) and BVMT-R (P<0.01) in those with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Correlation analysis showed that social competence total scores were positively correlated with similarity in the patients with obsessive-com?pulsive symptoms (r=0.31, P<0.01);while behavior problems total scores were negatively correlated with wood (r=-0.31, P<0.01) and patchwork (r=-0.32, P<0.01) in the patients without obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusion The schizophrenia children with obsessive-compulsive symptoms have more behavioral problems in pre-symptom period and their cognitive dysfunction are more severe following onset of the disease. Cognitive function is related to behavioral prob?lems and social competence in the schizophrenia children with or without obsessive-compulsive symptoms .

Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; F-Box Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7 ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To discuss clinical efficacy of patients treated with surgical treatment for posttraumatic elbow stiffness combined with pain.Methods From January 2011 to December 2014,release treatment was performed on 32 cases of posttraumatic contracture of the elbow combined with pain by operation.There were 22 males and 10 females,at average age of 39 years(range from 18 to 65 years).25 cases of these patients with mild-to-moderate pain got a simple elbow release operation.There were 4 cases of severe pain patients complicated with elbow dislocation,after fully release the elbows,reduction was performed under the direct;Both elbow arthrolysis and dermal transplantation interval type elbow arthroplasty were performed in 3 cases of severe pain patients which had severe osteoarthritis.A total of 26 patients were installed hinged external fixator after operation for early functional exercise.Results All patients were followed up for an average time of 14 months(from 12 to 18 months).All patients were significantly improved in the range of elbow and pain symptoms.Postoperative joint function improvement:2 patients with severe stiffness improved to moderate stiffness,19 patients with moderate or severe stiffness improved to mild stiffness,and the remaining of 11 cases without stiffness,The improvement rate was 100％.Postoperative pain:6 cases of moderate or severe pain relieved for mild pain,26 patients pain disappeared,the pain relief rate was 100％.Mayo elbow performance score were evaluated before and after surgery.Preoperative score:the results were good in 6 cases,fair in 14 cases and poorin 12 cases;postoperative score:excellent in 20 cases,good in 8 cases and fair in 4 cases,the good rate is 87.5 ％.The difference between preoperation and postoperation was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Elbow arthrolysis combined external fixation is beneficial to early functional rehabilitation and restoring the flexion and extension function of stiff elbow,at the same time,the pain caused by stale dislocation or arthritis of elbow can also get good effect.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases among farmers,land less peasants and urban population in a certain area of Anhui Province,to explore the relationship between the lifestyles of landless peasants and their chronic non-communicable diseases.Methods A total of 761 valid questionnaires were collected by cross-sectional epidemiological study,including 119 farmers,259 landless peasants and 383 urban groups.The enumeration data was analyzed by x2 test and the measurement data analyzed by variance.The risk of chronic non-communicable diseases in each group was analyzed by Logistic regressions.Results General demographic characteristics showed that there were differences in three groups of people in the respects of drinking,eating habits and physical activity and other lifestyles (all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the onset risk of hypertension and overweight obesity in the famer group and the landless peasant group was lower than that in the urban group,but higher than that in the peasant group.After adjusting for confounding factors,the prevalence of hypertension in the farmer group (OR =0.20,95％ CI:0.12-0.33) and the lost land group (OR =0.65,95％ CI:0.44-0.95) was lower than that in the urban group,the overweight obesity in the farmer group (OR =0.44,95％ CI:0.27-0.74) and the lost land group(OR =0.67,95％ CI:0.47-0.96) was lower than that in the urban group.The incidence of atherosclerosis in the farmer group (OR =2.48,95 ％ CI:1.45-4.23) and the lost land group(OR =2.00,95％ CI:1.33-3.02) was higher than that in the urban group.Conclusions The living style of landless peasants is different from those of rural group and urban group,and the incidence of hypertension and overweight obesity is higher than that of farmers.We should take interventions against chronic non-communicable diseases in landless peasants.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of drug moxibustion in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A total of 90 patients with acute myocardial infarction in Taihe Hospital emergency department were randomly divided into the control group (n=30) and the treatment group (n=90).The patients in the control group were treated with routine western medicine, while treatment group was treated with drug moxibustion on the basis of the control group treatment. Both groups were treated for 6 weeks.The pulmonary function was assessed, and the clinical effect was evaluated.Results The total effective rate was 86.7% (52/60) in the treatment group and 70.0% (21/30) in the control group. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=6.059,P=0.048). After treatment, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (1.07 ± 0.3l L vs. 1.05 ± 0.41 L,t=15.272) in the treatment group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01).Conclusions The drug-separated moxibustion can improve the curative effect and improve the lung function of patients with stable COPD.

Objective Currently,pediatric 18F-FDG dose and acquisition durations are generally based on coarse extrapolation from adult guidelines.This study sought to determine whether shorter acquisition durations or a lower 18F-FDG injected activity could be used during pediatric 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations while maintaining diagnostic utility.Methods Thirty-six whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations were performed on 36 patients (weight,13-89 kg,(46.51±5.63) kg; age range,3-14 years old,(9.22±3.16) years old) with a weight-based injected activity (5.3 MBq/kg (0.144 mCi/kg)),fixed acquisition durations 180 S/FOV,VIP record acquisition mode using Discovery STE.For each examination,the Vip-mode data was truncated to form multiple datasets with shorter acquisition durations down to a minimum of 60 s/FOV (i.e.,60,80,100,120,140,160 s/FOV data were formed from single 180 s/FOV acquisition).168 image volumes were generated,randomized,and reviewed in a masked manner with corresponding CT image volumes by 6 radiologists.Overall,subjective adequacy and objective lesion detection accuracy by body region were evaluated.Results All examinations with maximum acquisition duration were graded as adequate and were used as the reference standard for detection accuracy.For patients more than 30 kg,when acquisition duration was more than 120 s/FOV,all PET/CT examinations were graded as adequate for clinical tasks,whereas,when acquisition duration was reduced to less than 120 s/FOV,lesion detection became less accurate.For patients less than 30 kg,lesion detection accuracy was perfect for acquisition times between 140 s/FOV and 180 s/FOV for all regions of the body.However,lesion detection became less accurate when imaging acquisition time was reduced less than 140 s/FOV.Conclusions When GE Discovery STE PET/CT was applied during pediatric PET/CT examination,using decreased acquisition times as a surrogate for 18F-FDG dose,18F-FDG dose can be reduced by approximately 33.33％ when patients weigh over 30 kg were scanned for 180 s/FOV.For patients less than 30 kg,18F-FDG dose can be reduced by approximately 22.22％ without losing diagnostic quality.Reduction of overall scan time potentially reduces motion artifacts,improves patient comfort,and decreases length of sedation.Alternatively,decreased 18F-FDG dose minimizes radiation risk.