The medical records of 197 patients on linezolid therapy were collected retrospectively.The prevalence and risk factors for linezolid-induced reduction of hemoglobin were identified.The incidence of linezolid-induced reduction of hemoglobin was 31.98％.The patients with reduction of hemoglobin had older age [(68 ± 14) vs.(59 ± 18) years,P =0.000] and lower creatinine clearance (CCr) [(72 ±42)vs.(98 ± 52) ml/min,P =0.000].Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years,treatment duration ≥ 15 days,CCr ＜ 65 ml/min and pre-treatment hemoglobin value ＜ 95 g/L were significant risk factors for linezolid-induced reduction of hemoglobin.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shuluo Injection on cerebral water volume,cerebral index ,LDH,NOS and SOD in the brain.Methods The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice is set up by separating the bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) of the mice,blocking the blood stream by straining the thread and by reperfusion loosing the thread. After 3 times of ischemia-reperfusion,brain samples were prepared to observe the cerebral injury. Results High-dose Shuluo Injection significantly reduced the cerebral water volume and decreased the cerebral index and the activity of LDH and NOS(P

In order to analyze the correlation between critical residues in the catalytic centre of BSH and the enzyme substrate specificity, seven mutants of Lactobacillus salivarius bile salt hydrolase (BSH1) were constructed by using the Escherichia coli pET-20b(+) gene expression system, rational design and site-directed mutagenesis. These BSH1 mutants exhibited different hydrolytic activities against various conjugated bile salts through substrate specificities comparison. Among the residues being tested, Cys2 and Thr264 were deduced as key sites for BSH1 to catalyze taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid, respectively. Moreover, Cys2 and Thr264 were important for keeping the catalytic activity of BSH1. The high conservative Cys2 was not the only active site, other mutant amino acid sites were possibly involved in substrate binding. These mutant residues might influence the space and shape of the substrate-binding pockets or the channel size for substrate passing through and entering active site of BSH1, thus, the hydrolytic activity of BSH1 was changed to different conjugated bile salt.
Amidohydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Lactobacillus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Substrate Specificity

Objective To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia. Method Randomized controlled trials of a electroacupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgia were sought by a computer search of CNKI,Wan Fang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,EMbas and The Cochrane Library.The retrieval time limit was from March 1996 to March 2016. Two reviewers sifted the literature and extracted data independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria andthen assessed the riskofbias of the included literatureusing the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.Ameta-analysis was made using RevMan 5.3.Result Finally, 12 articles were included with atotal of 847 subjects.The results ofmeta-analysis showed that the total efficacy rate was higher in the electroacupuncture group than in the control group [OR=4.04,95%CI(2.67, 6.13),P<0.00001].There were no statistically significant differences in the VAS score [MD=﹣0.06,95%CI(﹣0.59, 0.47),P=0.82] and the recurrence rate [OR=0.64,95%CI(0.05,7.45),P=0.54] between the electroacupuncture and control groups.Conclusion The currentlimited evidenceshows that the total efficacy rate fortrigeminal neuralgiais higher in the electroacupuncture group than in the control group.There are no statistically significant differences in the VAS score and the recurrence rate of trigeminal neuralgia between the electroacupuncture and control groups of patients.But the conclusions need more high-qualitytrials for validation owing to the limitation of the sample size of the included studies.

BACKGROUND:Under certain conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels can be differentiated into hepatocytes, which are an important source of liver cels. Moreover, multiple factors can be involved in this induced differentiation process. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inducible effect of cholestatic serum on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocytes. METHODS:Cholestatic animal model was prepared in rats to extract cholestatic serum. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels isolated from rats were divided into three groups and cultured in serum-free hepatocyte medium, serum-free hepatocyte medium plus cholestatic serum, serum-free hepatocyte medium plus normal serum, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The positive expression of alpha fetoprotein and keratin 18 and mass concentration of albumin were significantly higher in the serum-free hepatocyte medium plus cholestatic serum group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that cholestatic serum has a certain inducible role in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocytes.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of different dosages of Shenfu injection for treatment of elderly patients with refractory chronic congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods A prospective study was conducted, 360 patients with CHF from Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into low dose, middle dose and high dose Shenfu injection groups. In the three groups, the patients received the same conventional medicine therapy, and additionally they were treated by low, medium and high dose Shenfu injection (60, 80, 100 mL/d, respectively), once a day. The therapeutic course was 10 days in the three groups. After treatment, the clinic therapeutic effect, left ventricular diastolic end diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) and plasma B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were observed in the three groups.Results The total therapeutic effective rate in middle dose Shenfu injection group was significantly higher than that in low dose and high dose Shenfu injection groups [82.5% (99/120) vs. 54.2% (65/120), 60.0% (72/120), bothP < 0.05]. In high dose Shenfu injection group, increase of blood pressure occurred in 15 cases (12.5%), but no such phenomenon appeared in low and middle dose Shenfu injection groups. In the three groups, no cardiac arrhythmia, liver function abnormality, myocardial enzymogram abnormality, etc. adverse reactions occurred. Compared with those before treatment, after treatment in three groups the LVEDD and BNP were significantly decreased, while LVEF, SV, CO and CI were markedly increased. The changes of above index in middle dose Shenfu injection group were more significant [LVEDD (mm): 46.1±6.3 vs. 58.3±4.4; LVEF: 0.561±0.056 vs. 0.324±0.044, SV (mL): 58.1±6.3 vs. 35.7±5.4, CO (L/min): 5.78±0.60 vs. 4.21±0.78, CI (mL·s-1·m-2): 81.85±7.33 vs. 53.01±9.00, BNP (ng/L): 355.4±76.6 vs. 3 263.2±65.7, allP < 0.05]. Conclusion Shenfu injection 80 mL/d is the best effective dosage for treatment of elderly patients with refractory CHF and its incidence of adverse events is low.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of patients who underwent whole embryo vitrification freezing and thawed frozen embryo transplantation, and to compare it with the patients at the same period in the fresh cycle to explore the value of vitrification technology in the whole embryo freezing combined with recovery transplantation. Methods The whole embryo freezing group included 40 untransplanted cases of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), while another 300 patients in the fresh cycle with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) at the same period served as the fresh cycle group. The average number of transferred embryos, high-quality embryos, endometrial thickness, estradiol (E2) level, and clinical pregnancy rate were compared.Results The average number of transferred embryos, high-quality embryos, difference in endometrial thickness were not significant between the 2 groups (P>0.05); the E2 level of the fresh cylcle group was significantly higher than that of the whole embryo freezing group (P<0.05), and the clinical pregnancy rate in the fresh cylcle group was significantly lower than that of the whole embryo freezing group (P<0.05). Conclusion Vitrification technology is a simple, reliable, and efficient embryo freezing technology. For patients who meet the requirements, whole embryo vitrfication freezing and thawed frozen embryo transplantation is feasible. It is worth for further clinical research.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow inhibition is a predominant side effect caused by the drugs for anti-tumor.OBJECTIVE: To observe the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine qiongyugao on bone marrow inhibition induced by chemotherapy in experimental mice with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Medical College of Jinan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Central Laboratory of Medical College of Jinan University from March to October in 2001. Fortyeight healthy, aged 6 to 8 weeks C57/BL mice were involved.METHODS: The mouse model with pulmonary adenocareinoma was made with the method of inoculability of cancer cell, and then the models were group: On the following day of inoculation, 0.2 mL normal saline was used by gavage, and normal saline was injected intraperitoneally at the dosage of amine 20 mg was diluted into 0.2 g/L with normal saline, and performed intraperitoneal injection at the dosage of 5 μL/g, once per day, and 0.2 mL platinum diamine was used as in chemotherapy group and 0.2 mL qiongyugao was administered by gavage at the same time once per day. Peripheral erythrocyte, leukocyte and blood platelet, and karyota in bone marrow counting were detected on the 21 days after administration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peripheral erythrocyte, leukocyte and blood platelet, and karyota in bone marrow counting of the mice in each group.RESULTS: Eleven mice failing to have tumor in tumor assessment were excluded from the sample, including 3 in the control group, 4 in the chemotherapy and 4 in the combination group. During the experiment,there were 2 mice dying in each group of the control group and chemotherapy group. Totally 11 mice in the control group, 10 in the chemotherapy group and 11 in the combination group entered the result analysis. Erythrocyte, leukocyte and blood platelets in the combination group and control group were all significantly higher than those in the chemotherapy group [erythrocyte: (8.54 ±0.81 ), (8.65 ±0.77), (4.56 ±1.00) ×1012 L -1;leukocyte:(9.04 ±0.60), (9.14 ±0.71), (3.31 ±0.96) ×109 L -1;blood platelets:(949.09±111.31 ), (955.54±87.13), (399.30±131.36)× 109 L-1 ,P ＜ 0.01]. The number of karyota in bone marrow in the chemotherapy group was significantly lower than those in the combination group and control group [(5.30±1.12),(10.51±1.15),(14.36±1.02)]×106,P ＜ 0.01); while the number of karyota in the control group was higher than that in the combination group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Qiongyugao can enhance the counting of erythrocyte,leucocyte, blood platelets of peripheral blood and karyota in bone marrow after chemotherapy in mice with pulmonary carcinoma, improve the inhibition of bone marrow induced by chemotherapy, but can not reverse it completely.

Objective To study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginoside(PNS,血塞通) and Tetramethylpyrazine(TMPz,川芎嗪) on different subtypes of cytochrome P450(CYP450),based on that,to forecast the inter-reaction between these two drugs and between each one of them and another drug,and also to estimate the safety assessment of them.Methods The metabolic changes of caffeine and dapsone which are the specific probe drugs for subtypes of CYP450,CYP1A2 and CYP3A4,were studied in vitro to estimate the inhibition or induction effects of PNS and TMPz.Results The concentrations of caffeine and dapsone,the probe drugs in liver cytochrome P450,in control group,PNS group and TMPz group were all declined with time prolongation,and there were no significant differences among the three groups.The half life time(t1/2) of caffeine in PNS group was obviously shorter than that in control group((19.24?2.37) minutes vs.(25.15?2.02) minutes, P0.05).It was suggested that TMPz have no effect on both CYP1A2 and CYP3A4.Conclusion Different drugs have different effects on different CYP450 subtype enzymes.When PNS is used in combination with other drugs which are related to the metabolism of CYP1A2 enzyme,its induction effect on CYP1A2 should be considered fully to avoid toxic effect or the potential adverse reactions.