Forkhead box(Fox) proteins characterized by a conserved winged-helix DNA binding domain constitute a large family of transcription factors.Fox proteins regulate the gene transcription not only by recruiting various coactivators like most transcription factors,but also by binding to the condensed chromosomes directly,which can remodel chromatin structure and generate a combinatorial effect with other transcription factors to cause significant changes in expression.The diverse biological processes that Fox proteins influence,such as embryonic development,aging and immunoregulation,have also been covered in this article.

Objective To establish and evaluate blood smear review criteria for hematology analyzer,use hematology analyzer accurately,rationally and efficiently,so as to establish the review criteria suitable for our hospital.Methods The blood smear review criteria was established according to characteristics of hospitals and XE-2100 type hematology analyzer,and microscopic examination was performed on 1368 cases of blood smears.Then the concordance of test results of the hematology analyzer and manual method was analyzed,and the feasibility of the criteria was evaluated.Results The comparative results of analyzer method and blood smear method were as follows:platelet reduction (Kappa=0.95,U=35.19,P<0.0 1;with good concordance);immature granulocyte (Kappa=0.64,U:24.9,P<0.01;with acceptable concordance);atypitical lymphocyte (Kappa=0.60,U:22.2,P<0.01;with acceptable concordance);shift to the left (Kappa=0.52,U=21.98,P<0.01,with acceptable concordance);platelet aggregation (Kappa=0.60,U=17.56,P<0.01;with acceptable concordance):myeloblast (Kappa=0.39,U=13.54,P<0.01;with poor concordance): erythroblast (Kappa=0.36,U=8.24,P<0.01;with poor concordance).According to the review standard,the sensitivety.specificity and accuracy were all higher(81.9%,99.0%A and 95.5%respectively).Conclusion The review standard has high sensitivity and specificity,which indicates the specimens in accordance with the review standard should be performed microscopic examination according to the operating instruction so as to reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,improve the quality of hematological analysis.

Objective To investigate the influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 (VD3) on proliferation and dif-ferentiation of human preadipocytes in high-glucose condition .Methods Primary culture of human preadipo-cytes were divided into 4 groups:the control group, high glucose group, control+VD3 group, and high glucose+VD3 group.Oil red O staining and extraction with isopropyl alcohol were employed to detect the total amount of fat in different groups .Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a (C/EBPa) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPARγ) in each group .Results Compared with the control group , the fat amount was significantly increased in the high glucose group (0.231 ±0.033 vs.0.362 ±0.045 , P=0.037 ) and high glucose +VD3 group (0.231 ±0.033 vs.0.358 ±0.057, P=0.033), decreased in the control +VD3 group (0.231 ± 0.033 vs.0.174 ±0.029, P=0.016), but no significant difference in the glucose+VD3 group (0.362 ±0.045 vs.0.358 ±0.057, P=0.450);VDR mRNA level was decreased in the high glucose group (0.397 ± 0.029 vs.0.069 ±0.003 , P=0.022 ) , but VD3 increased the VDR mRNA levels in both the control +VD3 group and the high glucose +VD3 group (0.397 ±0.029 vs.1.103 ±0.044 , P=0.035;0.069 ±0.003 vs. 0.152 ±0.021 , P=0.041 );the mRNA levels of C/EBPa and PPARγwere up-regulated in the high glucose group (0.135 ±0.048 vs.0.788 ±0.063, P=0.018;0.498 ±0.026 vs.0.795 ±0.037, P=0.021), VD3 decreased the PPARγmRNA level in the control +VD3 group ( 0.498 ±0.026 vs.0.237 ±0.011 , P =0.029), but had no significant effect on C/EBPa mRNA (0.788 ±0.063 vs.0.843 ±0.049, P>0.05) and PPARγmRNA (0.795 ±0.037 vs.0.813 ±0.041, P>0.05) expressions in the high glucose +VD3 group or C/EBPa mRNA in the control+VD3 group (0.135 ±0.048 vs.0.156 ±0.022, P>0.05).Conclusion VD3 may lose the ability to inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocyte due to reduced biologi -cal activity when exposed to high-glucose environment in vitro.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Bushen Huoxue Decoction on elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Methods Totally 106 patients with elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were divided into control group (53 cases) and treatment group (53 cases), according to random number table method. The control group was treated with routine western medicine, while the treatment group was given Bushen Huoxue Decoction along with western medicine treatment for 8 weeks. The changes of TCM syndrome, blood pressure, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after treatment of the two groups were observed. Results The total effective rate of anti-hypertension was 94.33%(50/53) in the treatment group and was 77.35% (41/53) in the control group. The total effective rate of clinical symptoms was 96.22%(51/53) in the treatment group and was 79.24%(42/53) in the control group. After treatment, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were improved significantly in the treatment group, with statistical significance compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Bushen Huoxue Decoction combined with western medicine achieves the good efficacy on elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.

Hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HR + HER2 +) breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, accounting for about 10% of breast cancers. The molecular biological characteristics, therapeutic effect and prognosis of all subtypes have significant differences. This paper reviews the research progress of molecular biological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment condition and single-cell level in HR + HER2 + breast cancer from the perspective of heterogeneity.

Objective To observe the levels of Ang - 1 and NF-κB in lung tissue and to aseess the severity of ALI induced by phosgene in order to clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of Ang - 1 on phosgene induced ALI.Method Rats were randomly divided into phosgene group and air group.Another rats were randomly (random number) divided into phosgene group,phosgene + PDTC group and air group.Lung tissue was collected to weigh and calculate the wet / dry weight ratio,measure BALF,white blood cell count,total protein and Ang-1 at given time after exposure to phosgene/air and PDTC.The Ang - 1 and NF-κB levels in lung tissue were measured with Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 statistical package and comparisons between groups were carried out byusing One-Way ANOVA analysis and LSD -t test,α ＜ 0.05.Results Serum angiopoietin -1 level became lesser within 48 hours after exposure to Phosgene.The severity of ALI became worser with time elapsing.Ccompare with air group,the severity of ALI in phosgene group was worser with time elapsing ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with phosgene + PDTC group,the serum angiopoietin -1 and arterial oxygen partial pressure in phosgene group were lower ( P ＜ 0.05).The severity of ALI of rats in phosgene group were worser than that in phosgene + PDTC group ( P ＜ 0.05).Serum angiopoietin -1 and partial pressure of oxygen of rats in phosgene group were higher than those in phosgene + PDTC group ( P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry test showed that the expression of Ang-1 in lung tissue in air group were normal,and Ang-1 in phosgene group were significantly reduced,and Ang-1 in PDTC intervention group was higher than that in phosgene group and lower than that in air group.The above results were confirmed by Western blot test which was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry test.Similarly,the levels of NF-κB in lung tissue determined by using both Western - blot and immunohistochemistry were consistant,and results of both methods showed that the expression of NF - κB in air group was normal,and it increased in phosgene group,and the expression of NF-κB in phosgene + PDTC group was lower than that in phosgene group.Conclusions The serum level of Ang-1 was decreasing within 48 hours after ALI.Ang-1 was negatively correlated with the sevfity of phosgene induced ALI.Ang-1 likely had an effect on NF-κB signaling pathway,ameliorating the inflammation mediated by cytokines,reducing lung endothelial permeability and in turn lessening the severity of ALI.

Objective To study the fouling mechanism during the filtration of traditional Chinese medicine decoction by inorganic ceramic membrane so as to make a valuable exploration both on membrane fouling prevention and the industrialization of membrane separation technology in the field of Chinese materia medica. Methods Micro-filtrating Qingluo Tongbi Decoction using alumina ceramic membrane, researching the applicability of the membrane with different pore sizes, observing the fouling on membrane surface by scanning electron microscopy, studying the resistance distribution of membrane in filtration process, analyzing the fouling existence shape, position, and forming rule. Results In this system, alumina membrane with the pore size of 0.2 ?m was most suitable, which had the biggest permeating flux and reservation rate of effective component with less fouling. Among the alumina membranes with three different pore sizes, auto resistance and pore block resistance made up inferior percentage in total resistance, fouling resistance distribution mainly consisted of the reversible resistance, such as concentration polarization and gel layer resistance. Conclusion Optimizing parameters of the techniques in membrane process, using suitable pretreatment method and cleaning method can reduce membrance fouling and make the memberane property recover.

Leydig cells are the major source of androgens in males. Stem cells can be induced to differentiate into androgen-secreting Leydig like cells, whose functions are regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary, so that they precisely secret the necessary hormones to maintain physiological function. Therefore, the establishment of an effective protocol to induce the differentiation of stem cells into androgen-secreting cells is very helpful for the treatment of hypogonadism caused by abnormalities of Leydig cells. This review outlines the recent findings concerning the differentiation of stem cells into androgen-secreting cells.
Androgens ; secretion ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; therapy ; Hypothalamus ; physiology ; Male ; Pituitary Gland ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; secretion

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; complications ; therapy ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; chemically induced ; complications ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans

Objective: To investigate the effects of 5α - dihydrostestosterone (DHT) on calcium mobilization and growth of prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Methods: Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was assayed by MiraCal Image System using Fura-2/AM as Ca2+ fluorescence probe. Cell viability was observed by MTT assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results: The calcium levels rapidly increased following addition of DHT, with the latency of response only in seconds. DHT at the concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1 000 nmol/L increased [Ca2+]i from (28±5), (29±5), (28±4) and (28±9) nmol/L to (31±3) (P>0.05,65±9) (P<0.01), (193±33) (P<0.001) and (208±42) nmol/L (P<0.001), respectively. The response induced by 1 000 nmol/L DHT was similar to that induced by 100 nmol/L DTH. DHT 1 000 nmol/L did not increase [Ca2+]i under extracellular Ca2+ -free condition. Blockers of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, including verapamil (50 μmol/L), diltiazem (100 μmol/ L) or nifedipine (5 mmol/L) at 37°C for 5 min prior to stimulation with 1 000 nmol/L DHT, completely inhibited DHT-induced [Ca2+]i rise. Pre-treatment with inhibitor of phospholipase C such as neomycin sulfate (1 mmol/L) at 37°C for 3 min or inhibitor of ryanodine receptor such as procaine (50 mmol/L) at 37°C for 3 min had no influence on [Ca2+]i rise induced by 1 000 nmol/L DHT. The optical density (D) values and early apoptosis rates of the cells stimulated with 1 000 nmol/L DHT for 48 h were significantly different from those of cells pre-treated with verapamil prior to stimulation with 1 000 nmol/L DHT ([0.67±0.10]% vs [2.13±0.16] % and [14.31±2.29]% vs [1.07±0.19]%,P<0.01). Conclusion: DHT can induce rapid [Ca2+]i, rise in LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The increase of [Ca2+]i, induced by DHT involves L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, but does not involve release of intracellular Ca2+ stores. The increase of [Ca2+]i induced by DHT increases apoptosis and inhibits growth of LNCaP cells.