Orthopaedic postoperative pain not only brings a lot of side effects to patients, but also directly affects early rehabilitation after surgery. Effective preoperative pain management mainly includes three-stage individual pattern analgesia, which refers to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. The purpose is to reduce pain in multiple planes and three-dimension, strengthen the effect of analgesics and reduce dosage and side effect of single drug. This paper summaries new progress on individual-multiple-pattern analgesics, pain assessment method and various therapies.
Analgesia ; methods ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; methods ; Preoperative Period ; Treatment Outcome

Purpose:To study analgesia effect and adverse reaction of diclofenac sodium extended release capsule for cancer pain in senile patients. Methods:20 senile patients with light or moderate cancer pain were selected.The analgesia effect and adverse reaction were observed after diclofenac sodium extended release capsule 100 mg qn po.Results:The treatment of cancer pain with diclofenac sodium extended release capsule in senile patients had obvious analgesia effect without obvious adverse reaction. Conclusions:Diclofenac sodium extended release capsule 100 mg qn po is a safe,effective and simple way to relieve cancer pain in senile patients with light or moderate cancer pain.

Colitis, Ulcerative ; immunology ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of xylitol and L-xylulose in fermentation broth.Methods The chromatographic conditions were as follows:C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm) with the temperature 35℃, acetonitrile-water (85∶15,v/v)as mobile phase with the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.Xylitol was detected by refractive index (RI) detector at 33℃and L-xylulose was determined by ultraviolet ( UV) detector at 210 nm at room temperature.Results This method showed good linearity over the range from 0.50~30.00 g/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 for xylitol and 0.30~30.00 g/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9986 for L-xylulose. Moreover, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for xylitol and L-xylulose were 0.58 and 0.40,respectively.The limit of determination (LOD) for xylitol and L-xylulose were 0.18 and 0.15,respectively.The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intraday and interday for xylitol were less than 0.64%and 0.80%,respectively.The intraday and interday RSDs for L-xylulose were less than 0.31%and 0.59%.The recoveries of xylitol and L-xylulose in fermentation broth were between 99.00%-101.00%.Conclusion There was no interference from other constitutes in the fermentation broth by this method.The methods were suitable for the simultaneous determination of the substrate xylitol and the product L-xylulose in fermentation process.

AIM To investigate whether pretreatment with prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) might protect myocardium against peroxidative injury in early phase and in delayed phase. METHODS Rats were pretreated with PGE 1 (25 or 150 mg?kg -1 ). Isoproterenol (ISOP)(80 mg?kg -1 ) were injected peritoneally (ip) to induce acute myocardial infarction 20 minutes (early phase) or 24 hours (delayed phase) after pretreatment. Hearts were removed punctually 24 hours after ip ISOP and were assayed for content of malonaldehyde (MDA), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS ISOP caused myocardial injury with increased MDA content and SOD activity, and decreased GSH Px activity. Pretreatment with PGE 1, at each dose and in both phase, decreased the MDA content ( P

BACKGROUND:Many studies reported the relationship of the mechanical properties and water content about bone tissue, which is one of organizations containing the lowest water content on human body. Researches on effect of water on biological tribology behavior of bone tissue have been rarely reported and are the experimental study generally. OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence and the damage mechanism of water on biological tribology behavior of bone tissue, by comparing multiscale numerical model established with the experiment. METHODS:Dehydration of the bone tissue was studied by nanoindentation test and both reciprocating sliding and impact wear tests. A multi-scale finite element model was constructed under a flat-on-ball configuration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The viscoelasticity and the tribological properties of bone tissue significantly decreased as well as the different wear mechanisms under applied loading after drying. The analytical results indicated that there were high stress condition, which incurred the micro-crack initiation and the appearance of peeling and wear, around the Haversian canal, circumferential lamellas and the interstitial tissues. Meso-scale:dehydration weakened the function of absorption and interruption of stress, which facilitated crack extension in pore. Micro-scale:the high stress gradient of structure of canaliculi and lacunae is an important cause of tissue damage.

Objective To evaluate the long-term results of partial internal sphincterectomy for the treatment of internal anal sphincter achalasia in childhood. Methods The clinical,radiographic,manometrical and histochemical data of 6 cases were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had received partial internal sphincterectomy and were followed-up for 2 to 8 years. Results All patients presented with severe constipation with or without soiling. No stenosis zone of intestine could be noted in 3 patients by barium enema examination. The rectoanal inhibition reflex on rectal balloon inflation was absent in all patients. The normal acetylcholinesterase activity on rectal biopsies was demonstrated by histochemical staining. Ganglion cells within internal anal sphincter was noted in all cases. On follow-up,all patients regained regular bowel habits and are not on any laxatives. Conclusion The long term results of partial internal sphincterectomy for the treatment of internal anal sphincter achalasia in childhood are satisfactory.

Objective　To study the clinical manifestation of small bowel tumors and the prognostic factors. Methods　Retrospective analysis of the clinical data were made on 42 cases of primary small bowel tumors (except periampullary tumors) admitted to our hospital from 1974 to 1999. Results　In this series, there were 6 cases of benign small bowel tumors, 5 of them were leiomyoma and 1 adenoma. Of the 36 cases of malignant 　tumors, there were malignant lyphoma in 17 cases (47.2%), adenocarcinoma in 11 (30.6%),　 leiomyosarcoma in 6(16.7%), carcinoid tumor in 1 (2.8%) and neurofibrosarcoma in 1 (2.8%). There was no characteristic clinical sign in small bowel tumors; endoscopy and barium series were the main diagnostic methods. About 50 per cent of patients with malignancy had metastasis, and only 18 cases (50%) received radical resection. Follow-up were available on 36 cases. The overall 5-year survival rate in the patients with malignant small bowel tumors was 47.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that metastasis and diameter of tumors were the main prognostic factors of the 5-year survival. Conclusions　Early diagnosis and early treatment play the key roles in improving the prognosis of malignant small bowel tumors. Radical resection should be taken if no metastasis is found.

Anatomic hepatic resection not only enables enough tumor-free resection margin,but also guarantee the maximal remnant of normal liver tissue.A 61-year-old male patient with hepatic cancer was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College in February 2012.Multiple space-occupying lesions were found in segment Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ by computed tomography (CT).The results of CT volumetry analysis showed that the left hemihepatic volume was lesser than the minimal limit of survival,so anatomic hepatic segmentectomy of Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ with preservation of segment Ⅴ was designed to guarantee the maximal remaining of normal liver tissue.Glisson's pedicle transection was used twice to divide the right hemihepatic Glisson's pedicle,segment Ⅵ and Ⅶ Glisson's pedicle,respectivley,then the resection line was determined,and anatomical hepatic segmentectomy of Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ was completed.With the procedures adopted,the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and hemodynamic instability were maximally reduced during operation.