Objective To investigate the relative factors of vascular parkinsonism(VP),in order to provide a clinical basis for early diagnosis of VP. Methods The method of prospective cohort study was used. The first cerebral infarction was taken as the initiating event. All the cases were followed up for 4 years. When they suffered from VP or died of VP, the follow-up was termina-ted. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for VP. Results Fifty-four pa-tients developed VP in 404 patients with first cerebral infarction,the incidence rate was 13.4%.According to the typing standard of OCSP,in the 404 patients, the incidence of VP was highest in lacunar infarction group(42 cases, 20.4%). The main risk factors for VP included age (P=0.043, OR = 1. 135,95% CI: 1. 010-1. 275),hypertension history (P=0.032, OR=2.019,95% CI: 1.247-4.746), blood viscosity (P=0.041, OR=1.724,95% CI: 1.036-3.058) and fibrinogen (P=0.001, OR=2.241,95% CI: 1.272-5.473). Conclusion During follow-up for 4 years,the incidence rate of VP in patients with first cerebral infarction is 13.4%. Lacunar in-farction is apt to cause occurrence of VP. Age, hypertension history, blood viscosity and fibrinogen are risk factors for VP. VP may be caused by multiple factors and multiple mechanisms.

Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; therapy

This paper introduces ADO technique of exploiting database in VC ++.Through the design of soldier information database,it presents the realization of SQL Server database programming technology based on ADO in VC++,then dwells on the essential steps of database programming.

Objective To study the impact and mechanism of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in different uhrafihration rates on plasma cytokines in porcine endotoxemic shock. Methods Eighteen anesthetized mechanically ventilated pigs weighing 21-34 kg were randomly divided into three groups. In control group (n=6), the pigs received a 15.7 μg/kg endotoxin (E.coli 0111:84) infusion. In CVVH group (n=6) and high volume hemofihration (HVHF) group (n=6), the pigs received CVVH after the endotoxin infusion for 24 hours with an was taken before endotoxin infusion and at 0, 1, 6, 12, 24 h during CVVH. The plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 were tested by ELISA. Results The survival time in control group was (15.4±5.2) h,CVVH group was (21.4±7.1) h,HVHF group was (22.4±6.7) h. The survival time in CVVH and HVHF group was significantly longer than that of control group (P< 0.05 ). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP) and cardiac output (CO) showed no significant differences among three groups. Plasma BUN and Ser increased gradually after the establishment of porcine endotoxemic shock model. BUN and Scr of CVVH and HVHF group were lower compared to control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between CVVH and HVHF group (P>0.05). Plasma TNF-α and IL-6 peaked at T1, IL-10 peaked at TO, then they declined gradually. While IL-18 increased at TO and did not change after TO. A significant decrease of plasma IL-10 level was observed at T6, T12 and T24 in CVVH group compared with control group (P<0.05). HVHF group accomplished a greater decrease in plasma TNF-α (T6) and IL-10 (T6, T12, T24) levels compared with control group and CVVH group (P< 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and IL-18 showed no significant differences among three groups. There was a negative correlation between IL-6 and survival time (P<0.05). Conclusions HVHF and CVVH can prolong the survival time of porcine endotoxemic shock. IL-10 can be removed effectively with CVVH and HVHF. HVHF can also remove TNF-α effectively. CVVH and HVHF treatment can both remove BUN and Scr effectively. IL-6 is a powerful independent predictive factor for survival time of porcine endotoxemic shock.

Objective To analyze the expression and regulation of components of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the correlation between intrarenal angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) expression and clinicopathological injury index in primary IgA nephropathy patients. Methods Expressions of intrarenal RAS components were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining (IHCS). Correlation among intrarenal RAS components and of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ expression with blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 24-h urinary protein and Katafuchi score in 36 primary IgA nephropathy patients were examined. Results There were positive correlations between positive IHCS area of intrarenal renin and Ang Ⅱ (r=0.43, P＜0.01), angiotensiongen and Ang Ⅱ (r=0.34, P＜0.05). There was negative correlation between positive IHCS area of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ and eGFR (r=-0.61, P＜0.01). There was positive correlation between positive IHCS area of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ and pathological chronicity index (ρ=0.39, P＜0.05), index of interstitial cell infiltration (ρ =0.52, P ＜0.05). Conclusion Expression of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ is positively correlated with expression of intrarenal renin and angiotensinogen, and plays an important role in kidney fibrosis in primary IgA nephropathy.

Objective To analyze the correlation of urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) with clinical index of kidney injury and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods Urinary or plasma renin activity, AGT, angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ), aldosterone were measured by RIA or ELISA in 129 CKD patients. Expression of intrarenal renin, AGT, Ang Ⅱ and angiotensinⅡ receptor was examined by immunohistochemistry staining (IHCS) in 73 CKD patients undergoing renal biopsy. Correlation of urinary AGT with other indexes was performed. Results Average urinary AGT in 129 CKD patients was (159.08 ± 125.18) μg/g Cr, Scr was (113.20± 105.05)μmol/L, and urinary AGT was positively correlated with Scr (r=0.51, P<0.01). Average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was (58.52±27.15) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1, which was negatively correlated with urinary AGT (r=-0.55, P<0.01). Average urinary protein was (2.03±2.65) g/24 h, which was positively correlated with urinary AGT (r=0.30, P<0.01). Average urinary Ang Ⅱ was (164.71 ±139.25) ng/g Cr, which was positively correlated with urinary AGT (r=0.20, P<0.05). Average urinary type Ⅳ collagen was (447.60± 800.66) μg/g Cr, which was positively correlated with urinary AGT (r=0.47, P<0.01). Average urinary soduim was (162.17±81.61) mmol/24 h, which was negatively correlated with urinary AGT (r=-0.20, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that low eGFR (P<0.01), high Scr (P< 0.01), high urinary protein (P<0.05), high urinary Ang Ⅱ (P<0.05) and high urinary type Ⅲ collagen (P<0.01) were significantly correlated with high urinary AGT. In renal tissues of CKD patients, there was positive correlation of urinary AGT with positive IHCS area of AGT (r=0.45, P< 0.01), Ang Ⅱ (r=0.52, P<0.01) and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (r =0.28, P <0.05). Conclusions Urinary AGT level may indicate the kidney injury severity, especially in chronic kidney injury, and may be used as a non-invasive marker of intrarenal Ang Ⅱ activity in CKD patients.

Aneuploidy ; Gene Rearrangement ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery ; Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Keratin-18 ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism

Aged ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective:To evaluate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on the activation of M1 microglia during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods:Fifty-four SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 240-270 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=18 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), cerebral I/R group (group IR) and SGB group.Blood vessels were only exposed, without occlusion in group Sham.Cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by reperfusion in group IR.Cervical sympathetic trunk transaction was performed to induce left SGB immediately after onset of reperfusion in group SGB.Blood samples were collected from the apex of the heart at 6, 12 and 24 h of reperfusion for determination of the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the serum (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The animals were sacrificed after the neurological function was evaluated at 24 of reperfusion, and brain tissues were removed for microscopic examination of the pathological changes in cortex, for determination of percentage of cerebral infarct size (by TTC staining), for assessment of cell apoptosis and apoptosis rate in cortex (by TUNEL), and for determination of the expression of microglial biomarker Iba-1 and activated M1 microglia biomarker CD68 (by Western blot). Results:Compared with group Sham, the neurological function score, percentage cerebral infarct size, apoptosis rate in cortex, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the serum, and the expression of Iba-1 and CD68 were significantly increased in IR and SGB groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group IR, the neurological function score, percentage cerebral infarct size, apoptosis rate in cortex, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the serum, and the expression of Iba-1 and CD68 were significantly decreased in group SGB ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of brain tissues were significantly attenuated in group SGB. Conclusion:The mechanism by which SGB reduces cerebral I/R injury is related to inhibiting activation of M1 microglia in rats.