The author adopts exploratoryteachingmethod in the immunologyclass toestablish the scenes,guides the students to study independently and explore actively and provides students with the opportunity of full freedom of expression,query,exploration,and discussion,and adopts a diversified and characterized evaluation mechanism to help the students know the ego and build up the self-confidence.The aim of it is improving the students' interest in the study,changing study methods,fostering the students' cooperation ability and creative abilities,and improving the teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of treatment with a single loading dose of rosuvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for prevention of complications after surgery in elderly patients underwent PCI with coronary artery disease.Methods 216 elderly patients with coronary artery disease admitted to Department of Cardiology of Tianjin First Center Hospital were divided into two groups at random (108 patients per group). Within 24 hours before PCI, the patients of loading dose group received a loading dose of rosuvastatin 20 mg, while the patients of regular dose group received a regular dose of rosuvastatin 5 mg, and after surgery, both groups received rosuvastatin 5 mg/d orally. The serum creatinine (SCr), endogenous creatinine clearance rate (CCr), cardiac Troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) before and after PCI were detected, and the incidences of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) and myocardial infarction were calculated in both groups. The patients were followed up for 1 year after PCI, and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was observed.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of SCr, CCr, cTnI, CK-MB or hs-CRP before PCI between two groups (allP > 0.05). While after PCI in two groups, the levels of SCr, cTnI, CK-MB and hs-CRP were higher than those before PCI, but CCr was lower than that before PCI, and the changes in regular dose group were more significant as compared with loading dose group [SCr (μmol/L): 89.52±21.79 vs. 83.45±19.17, cTnI (μg/L): 0.49±0.23 vs. 0.35±0.18, CK-MB (μg/L): 5.98±1.16 vs. 3.05±0.71, hs-CRP (mg/L): 8.31±0.06 vs. 2.46±0.02, CCr (mL/min): 62.61±19.54 vs. 73.48±20.14, allP < 0.05]. The incidence of CIN [7.41% (8/108) vs. 17.59 (19/108)] and myocardial infarction [1.85% (2/108) vs. 8.33% (9/108)] in loading dose group was evidently lower than that in regular dose group (bothP < 0.05). The incidence of MACE within 30 days after PCI in loading dose group was lower than that in regular dose group [5.56% (6/108) vs. 13.89% (15/108),P < 0.05], while within 1 year after PCI, the comparison of MACE incidence between loading dose group and regular dose group showed no statistically significant difference [19.44% (21/108) vs. 27.78% (30/108),P > 0.05].Conclusion A single loading dose of rosuvastatin given before PCI in elderly patients with coronary cardiac disease can protect renal function and myocardium, reduce the incidences of CIN, myocardial infarction and the occurrence of MACE at early stage after PCI.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)in HepG2 cells contributing to tumor immune escape.Methods:T-lymphocyte and HepG2 cell were cocultured,and 1-methyl-tryptophan(1-MT)was added to make an intervening experiment.The expression of IDO mRNA in HepG2 cell cocultured with T-lymphocyte was detected by RT-PCR;the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cell cocultured with T-lymphocyte was analyzed by flow cytometer;The cytotoxicity of T-lymphocyte against HepG2 cell was examined by MTT assay.Results:In combine reaction system,the expression of IDO mRNA was strongly induced in HepG2 cell cocultured with T-lymphocyte and faintly induced when cultured with 1-MT;the earlier apoptosis rate of HepG2 cell in control group and experiment group(1-MT:1.25 mmol/l,2.5 mmol/l,5mmol/l)was respectively(3.48?0.34)%,(7.82?0.41)%,(18.62?0.42)%,(25.32?0.40)%(P

Objective To discuss the method of preventing injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. Methods 362 cases of thyroid operation in our hospital were retrospectively studied, which consists of 188 cases with single lateral partial or total thyroidectomy, 127 with double lateral partial thyroidectomy,31 with single lateral total thyroidectomy plus isthmectomy, 16 with thyroid carcinoma radical correction. Results There was no injury,except for 3 cases damage to validate the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery,which were fully recov- ered after treatment. Conclusion To dissect recurrent laryngeal nerve routinely in inthyroid surgery can prevent and reduce the injury.

Objective Experiment the tumor animal model of the H22 Cancer of the liver mile,study the inhibition effect of chitosan oligosaccharide and bifidobacteria on tumour.Methods the growth of tumour were observed after chitosan oligosaccharide and bifidobacteria were injected into tumor-bearing mice;then the immunify funcfion weremcasured.Results Growth of tumour were inhibited by chitosan oligosaccharide and bifidobacteria,they can increase the content of IL-2 and IFN-?and the weight of spleen and thymus of the mice.Conclusions chitosan oligosaccharide and bifidobacteria could inhibit the growth of tumour,inproue immunity function.

Two hours after the rats were infected with 125I - labeled sporozoites of Plasmo-dium yoelii,the sporzoites captured by the liver,the spleen and the lungs accounted for 1.67%,0.046% and 0.49% respectively.During the 2nd to the 18h,the sporozoites decreased in number slowly in the liver,remained unchanged in the spleen and decreased in number quickly in the lungs as time went on.When the liver and the lungs were perfused with quick M199 stream containing sporozoites,the capture rate of sporozoites was not affected in the liver but that of the lungs was markedly decreased.The numbr of sporozoites in the liver and the spleen was larger in those rats with their phagocytosis activated than in those with the phagocytosis inhibited.while in the lungs,the number of sporozoites was not influenced by the activity of macrophages.These findings suggest that the mechanism of capturing sporozoites in the lung is mainly mechanical and the alveolar macrophages play little role in that,but that in the liver and the spleen is mainly a biological process in which macrophages play an important role.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in elderly patients. Methods Ninety-four ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients aged between 32-97 yr were divided into 4 age groups : groupⅠ 32-59 yr(n=28);group Ⅱ 60-69 yr (n = 29);group Ⅲ 70-89 yr (n=27);group Ⅳ 90-97 yr (n=10).The patients were premedieated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.lg and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, propofol and fentanyl. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.6 mg?kg-1.The patients were mechanically ventilated and PET CO2 was maintained between 35-45 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane 1 MAC and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl. Rocuronium was continuously infused during operation to maintain T1 at 10%-20% control.Neuromuscular (N-M) function was monitored using TOF response measured by accelerography.(1) Onset time (time from end of rocuronium injection to 100% block of T4 ),(2) maximal effect (time from end of injection to 100% block of T1 ),(3) clinical duration (time from end of injection to 10% recovery of T1 ) ,(4) intubating condition,(5) the amount of rocuronium consumed every 30 min and (6) recovery time (time from termination of rocuronium infusion to recovery of T1 to 25% control)Results (1) The onset time and the time of maximal effect were significantly longer in group Ⅰ than those in other three groups.(2) The time of maximal effect in group Ⅳ was significantly shorter than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (3)The recovery time in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly shorter than that in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ.(4) The amount of rocuronium consumed per 30 min was decreasing with increasing duration of infusion and age. Conclusion The duration of action of rocuronium is longer and less amount of rocuronium is needed when it is given to elderly patients.

Clinical practice is an important part of cultivating the master of nursing specialist,this paper analyzed characteristics of clinical practice in domestic and foreign nursing students and revealed the problem in cultivation of master of nursing specialist in China,in order to provide references for the future construction and perfection of clinical practice of master of nursing specialist in China.

Objective To Study GFW on tumor apoptosis and to apply the experimenting basis of GFW,s developing and utilizing.Methods The S180 mice sarooma model was used to detective the inhibiting effects of GFW.The methed diphenylamine was used to detec the chanae of the ratio of cerebral cortex DNA framentation and cell mornholoav In thobserved the ultrastructural change by electron microscopy.Results For S180 sarcoma,the inhibiting ratio of GFW is 38.93%.The ratio of cerebral cortex DNA framentation was obviously higher in the GFW group and in the CY group when compared with the model group(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution features of Chinese medical constitutions in different ages population, thus providing scientific evidence of constitution process theory.

METHODSRecruited were 21 948 cases from a survey of Chinese medical constitutions and health conditions in 9 provinces or municipalities across China (including Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi, and Henan) from Dec 2005 to Jan 2007. The body constitution type of individual was diagnosed using discriminant analysis on the basis of Chinese medical constitution questionnaire. By using correspondence analysis, the correlation between the general population, genders, ages, and Chinese medical constitution types was studied.

RESULTSConstitutions of yin-deficiency type, wetness-heat type, qi-depression type, and special diathesis type often occurred in the population ranging 15 -24 years old. Gentleness type mostly occurred in the population ranging 25 -44 years old. During this time period, phlegm-wetness type and wetness-heat type were liable to occur in males, while blood-stasis type was liable to occur in females. Qi-deficiency type and yang-deficiency type were most often seen in those older than 45 years. Phlegm-wetness type and blood-stasis type body constitution were also liable to occur in those older than 45 years.

CONCLUSIONSThe distribution features were different in different Chinese medical constitutions. Different constitution types exist in different genders. Different constitution types exist different ages population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Constitution ; China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency ; Yin Deficiency